High Valyrian Dictionary

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High Valyrian Vocabulary List

A note about the IPA pronunciation guides here.

  • The pronunciation of /v/ and /j/ can vary significantly (between [v] and [w], and between [j], [ɟ], [ʒ], and [dʒ] respectively). They are simply transcribed here as [v] and [j] for the sake of convenience, this should not be taken as strictly accurate.
  • The letter kh can also be pronounced gh, k or h depending on the speaker, since it is not a native sound.
  • The same happens with th which can vary between t, s or z depending on the speaker.
  • Finally the vowel y should be pronounced [y] but is often realized as [i].

For more detailed information, see High Valyrian Phonology. For charts of related words, see High Valyrian Word Groups.


A

n. 1lun. woman; coll. ābrar womankind, all women; humanity, all people;[1] life[2] (cf. ābrar)
n. 6col.1lun. life.[2] (Relexicalized collective from ābra)
n. 2sol. wife ( < ābra + -zȳrys.)
adj. I female.(contains -enka.)[3]
adj. II slippery; sleek, smooth; fast, quick
adv. soon, quickly (adere + -ī.)
Yn aderī, mōrī, aōt māzīli se hēnkirī īlvi biarvī manaerili.
—But soon, when it is all over, we shall come to you and celebrate together.
n. 4sol. quickness, sleekness, smoothness [4]
v. C-fin. to pay, to satisfy, to make good, object is usually inanimate[5]
Lannister va moriot zȳha gēlȳnī addemmis.
—A Lannister always pays his debts.
adj. I iron ( < āegion iron + -enka)
Āegenkor Tistālior jāhor gūrotriri emilza.
—The Iron Bank will have its due.
[6]
Āegenkon Dēmalion vale tēmas.
—The Iron Throne pokes the man.
n. 3ter. iron [7]
prop. n. 3sol. Aelix
n. 3lun. master, lord. (cf. āeksion).
Āeksio yne ilīritas.
—The Lord has smiled upon me.
n. 3ter. gold (cf. āeksio).
Āeksio ondos
—Hand of gold
[8]
perfect: aerēptan
v. C-fin.. to travel (contains -ēbagon.)
Drīvose dārys aerēbas.
—Actually, the king is traveling.
prop. n. 2sol. Aerys.
v. Insv. C-fin. to rage on
Vīlībāzma ajomemēbza,
—The war rages on
perfect: amāstan
v. Insv. V-fin. to come of things; to return ( < a- + māzigon.)
Bosys bantis amāzis, se morghor zijomy amāzis.
—The long night is coming, and the dead come with it.
[9]
n. 3ter return ( < a- + māzigon + -non)
Ondossa jorhakēlāt, lykāpsirī Zaldrīzoti Muño amāzinon jumbari?
—Will you wring your hands, while you wait idly for the Mother of Dragons to return?
[10]
perfect: amazvēttan
v. Insv. C-fin. to create ( < a- + mazverdagon.)
Hen perzȳ vȳs amazverdagon asittaks.
—From the fire she was reborn to remake the world.
[11]
  • ampa ['ampa] indec.
num. ten.
num. adj. III tenth.
perfect: angotan
v. V-fin. to bite.
Sparos rōbir angotas?
—Who bit the fig?
n. 4lun. horse[13]
n. 1aq. blood.
Nyke Daenerys Jelmāzmo hen Targārio Lentrot, hen Valyrio Uēpo ānogār iksan.
—I am Daenerys Stormborn of the House Targaryen, of the blood of Old Valyria.
zaldrīzo ānogar
—Blood of the dragon
[14]
  • ao ['aɔ̯]
pers.pron. you (sing.).
  • aōha [a'ɔːha] -ys, -on, -or
poss. adj. I your (sg.)
poss.pron. 3ter. yours (sg.)
Aōhon iksan se ñuhon iksā
—I am yours and you are mine
[15]
adv. in your way, as you wish (ins. of aōha.)
Aōhoso ziry rijībiā, se ñuhoso ziry rijībin.
—You worship Him your way, and I'll worship Him mine.
refl. 1lun. yourself
  • arakhi [a'raxi], arakh]] [a'rax]
n. 6for. arakh, a curved sword used by the Dothraki. ( < Doth. arakh.)
perfect: arghutan
v. V-fin. to hunt
n. 2sol. hunter ( < arghugon + -tys with rhotacism of the t)[16]
n. 1aq°. beer (includes -illa.)
Skoriot ñuhor ārilla issa?
—Where is my beer?
adj. III new '
Jaehossi Uēpossi Arlȳssī.
—By the Old Gods and the New.
adv. back, again(?) (lit. anew, < arlie + -ī. Cf. ar-.)
Lo ziry arlī jaelāt, jemēlo syt ziry mazemagon jemo bēvilza.
—If you want it back, you must take it for yourselves.
v. C-fin. to change intrans.[17] ( < arlie + -ñagon.)
n. 3lun. one who changes, becomes different[17] ( < arliñagon + -io.)
n. 3ter. change[17] ( < arliñagon + -non.)
perfect: sittan
v. Insv. C-fin. to give rebirth to, to bear again ( < a- + sikagon.)
Hen perzȳ vȳs amazverdagon asittaks.
—From the fire she was reborn to remake the world.
[11]
prop. n. 3aq. Astapor.
n. 1lun. owl[18]
Konys hontes atroksia issa.
—That bird is an owl.
n. 3lun tooth
n. 1aq°.[19] wine,[20] ( < avero grape + -illa.)[21]
com. averilloma used as adjective meaning drunk, tipsy.
Averilloma voktys daoriot istas.
—The drunk priest went nowhere.
n. 3lun. grape[22]
Avera ñuhȳ relgot eman.
—I have the grapes in my mouth.
n. 2lun. short sword
n. 6col.2sol. army. (Relexicalized collective from azantys)
n. 2sol. knight, soldier, warrior, swordsman, swords-woman ( < azandy + -tys.)
Morghot nēdyssy sesīr zūgusy azantys vestras.
—The knight says that even the brave men fear death.

B

perfect: beldan
v. C-fin.. to help →loc.
Taoba ñuhȳ botē baelza.
—The boy is helping my work.
with inf.
Meli Voktyssy Mīrīnī lyks mazverdagon beldis.
—The Red Priests helped bring peace to Meereen.
[9]
n. 3sol summit.
adj. II warm
v. C-fin. To bake
Skorio syt kesī krēga bāngā?
—Why are you baking these beets?
n. 1lun. long night ( < bantis + -āzma)
Belmondo bantāzma bōsa jemī qlādīlusy botilat?
—Will you let them drag you back into the long night of bondage?
[10]
n. 5sol. night
Kesrio syt bantis zōbrie issa se ossȳngnoti lēdys.
—For the night is dark and full of terrors
[23]
Bosys bantis amāzis, se morghor zijomy amāzis.
—The long night is coming, and the dead come with it.
[9]
perfect: bardutan
v. V-fin. to write.
n. 3ter demonstrative pronoun (apparently a substantivized pariciple, possibly of *baragon cf. ozbaragon to brand.)
n. 3sol. head
Sparo bartos konys issa?
—Whose head is that?
postp.→gen. on, on top of, upon; on (the subject of), about
n. 3aq. trout
Dāro kēla sȳriar bēgor ipradis.
—The king's cats are eating a good trout.
n. 3ter. chain.
Urnet luo buzdaro tolvio belma pryjātās!
—Strike the chains off every slave you see!
coll. belmor bondage
Belmondo bantāzma bōsa jemī qlādīlusy botilat?
—Will you let them drag you back into the long night of bondage?
[10]
v. C-fin. to chain up, to enslave ( < belmon + -uragon.)
Ñuhi zaldrīzī belmurzi!
—They are chaining up my dragons!
n. 2sol.[19] slave master, slaver ( < belmuragon + -tys.)[24]
Belmurtī ivestrās kesīr pōnte jiōrinna
—Tell the slavers I will receive them here
n. 4sol. sow, female pig
v. Loc. appl. v. C-fin. to sing about (or upon) [25] ( < bē- + u- + vāedagon )
v. Loc. appl. C-fin. to be necessary; bēvilza it is necessary +gen for... +inf. to... ( literally to lie upon, < bē- + u- + ilagon.)
Lo ziry arlī jaelāt, jemēlo syt ziry mazemagon jemo bēvilza.
—If you want it back, you must take it for yourselves.
n. 3aq. ewe, female sheep[26]
Gevie riña biādrot zoklākos.
—The beautiful girl is enticing a sheep.
adj. II fortunate, lucky, happy
Biarior Arlior Jēdari!
—Happy New Year!
n. 4sol. happiness, jubilation, luck, fortune[27] ( < biare + -ves.)
biarvī manaeragon to celebrate.
Yn aderī, mōrī, aōt māzīli se hēnkirī īlvi biarvī manaerili.
—But soon, when it is all over, we shall come to you and celebrate together.
Biarver aōt! Cheers! (col. of biarves; lit. All joy to you!; perh. could be "jemot" if to many)
v. C-fin. to suck
v. Loc. appl. C-fin. to float (lit. to remain above, < bē- + u- + umbagon.)
  • bisa ['bisa] -ys, -on, -or
dem.pron. adj. I this proximal, animate
Bisi vali īlvyz zentyssy issi.
—These men are our guests.
dem.pron. 5aq. this one proximal, animate, for abstract or uncountable entitites
dem.pron. 2lun. this one proximal, animate, for concrete, countable entities
n. 3ter. mountain
n. 5lun. tail
  • bona ['bona] -ys, -on, -or
dem.pron. adj. I that distal, animate
dem.pron. 5aq. that one distal, animate, for abstract or uncountable entities
dem.pron. 2lun. that one distal, animate, for concrete, countable entities
  • bōsa ['boːsa] -ys, -on, -or
adj. I long either temporally or spatially, tall
Ñuha muña bōsi azanti jorrāelza.
—My mother loves a tall knight.
v. C-fin. to suffer →inst., the thing suffered
Lodaor hēnkos vējose hae Astaprot Yunkai botilza.
—Otherwise, Yunkai will suffer the same fate as Astapor.
to endure
Valar botis
—All men must endure
[28]
to permit
Belmondo bantāzma bōsa jemī qlādīlusy botilat?
—Will you let them drag you back into the long night of bondage?
[10]
to work
Sparos kesīr botas?
—Who is working here?
n. 4sol. work (cf. botagon)
Taoba ñuhȳ botē baelza.
—The boy is helping my work.
n. 1lun. bronze ( < brāedion + -āzma.)
n. 3ter. copper
prop. n. 3sol. Braavos
Brāvo valot kesi tepās.
—Give this to a man of Braavos.
perfect: brōstan
v. C-fin. to name →acc. recipient, →inst. name. ( < brōzi.)
Melisandrose brōziks.
—I am called Melisandre.
[9]
Figuratively
Avy ñuhom azantomy brōzan.
—I name you my knight.
In the reflexive to call oneself, to be named
Skoroso jemēle brōzāt?
—What are your names?
n. 5lun. name ( < brōzi.)
v. V-fin. to swim
  • buzdari [buz'dari], buzdar]] [buz'dar]
n. 6for. slave ( < AV buzdar < Ghiscari.)
Zaldrīzes buzdari iksos daor.
—A dragon is not a slave.
  • byka ['byka] -ys, -on, -or
adj. I small
Kesa gelte byka issa.
—This helmet is small.
num. adj. III sixth
num. adj. II six.
num. sixty.
num. adj. III sixtieth

D

perfect: dāerēdan
v. C-fin. (irreg.) to free ( < dāez + -emagon.)
Dohaerirossa hen pōjo belmondo daerēdas se hen pōjo qringaomnoti Āeksia īlinurtas.
—She has freed the slaves from their chains and crucified the Masters for their sins.
adv. freely ( < dāez + -ī.)
Averilloma voktys dāri dāerī ȳdratas.
—The drunk priest spoke freely to the king.
n. 4sol. freedom. ( < dāez + -ves.)
Dāerves jevys tepagon yne sytilībos daor.
—Your freedom is not mine to give.
  • dāez [daːɛ̯z] dāerior
adj. II free.
Yne sytivīlībilāt? Hae dāero valoti?
—Will you fight for me? As free men?
v. V-fin. to run[29]
n 3lun. rain. coll. daomior.
Kastāmiro Daomior
—The Rains of Castamere
  • daor [daɔ̯r], [da'or]
adv. not, intj. no.
indef.pron. adv. nowhere; '
Averilloma voktys daoriot istas.
—The drunk priest went nowhere.
daoriot jemas' it doesn't matter, lit. it leads nowhere.
indef.pron. 6pauc.3ter nothing
Kostilus jevi āeksia yno bē pirtra jemot vestretis, iā daoruni jemot vestretis.
—Your masters may have told you lies about me, or they may have told you nothing.
indef.pron. 2sol. no one
daorys ziry ōdrikilza.
—no one will harm him.
n. 1lun. queen.[30]
Mīrīno Dāria
—Queen of Meereen
[31]
n. 3sol. heir to the throne, crown prince, crown princess ( < the dār- root seen in the dārys family of words, plus the substantivized future participle ending -ilaros, as if from a verb *dāragon. However, no such verb exists in the classical language, and it is uncertain if there ever was one.):
Kivio Dārilaros The Prince That Was Promised
Meri kīvio dārilaros ōz maghagon kostas.
—Only the prince who was promised can bring the dawn.
[9]
Ziry kivio dārilaros issa, se zȳhon suvio perzō vāedar issa.
—He is the prince that was promised, and his is the song of ice and fire.
[32]
prop. n. 3aq. Daario (cf. dārys.)
Daor, bisy arlie Dārio issa.
—No, this is the new Daario.
n. 3ter. kingdom.
Dāria Sikudo Dārȳti Vestero.
—the Queen of the Seven Kingdoms of Westeros.
adj. II royal[33] ( < dārys + -ōñe.)
n. 2sol. king.
Roberti Dāri zȳhi nekēpti se Āeksiot Ōño jemagon.
—Turn King Robert away from his idols and toward the Lord of Light
v. C-fin. to rain. [34] (an -ābagon formation off a root *dav-, perh. primordially related to daomio, rain.)
perfect: dēmatan
v. V-fin. to sit
Kēli Davidȳ dēmas.
—The cat sits on David.
[35]
n. 3ter. throne ( < dēma- + -lion.)
Tymptir Dēmalȳti
—A Game of Thrones
[36]
Āegenkon Dēmalion vale tēmas.
—The Iron Throne pokes the man.
n. 3sol. foot
Aōhys zentys gevī dekossa ēza.
—Your guest has beautiful feet.
v. C-fin. to step.[37] ( < deks + -uragon.)
v. C-fin. to walk. ( < dekur- + -ēbagon.)
perfect: derēptan
v. C-fin. to gather. ( < *der- + -ēbagon. There is probably a verb *deragon which means something like to take. Cf. AV mazedhas derari he was taken.)
Vala Aero syt rōbra derēbza.
—The man collects figs for Aerys.
n. 4sol. ignorance[38] (speculatively from < do- + botagon + -ēda + -ves lit. the quality of not having been made to endure or suffer something.)
Dobotēdāves. Nāgīdāves. Qrinuntenkāves.
—Ignorance. Inequality. Antagonism
[39]
perfect: dohaertan
v. C-fin. to serve. Valar dohaeris All men must serve, the response to valar morghūlis
Sȳrī avy ūjus dohaeragon.
—May it serve you well.
[40]
Dohaeriakson raqan.
—I like to be served.
[41]
n. 3sol. slave (substantivized aorist participle of dohaeragon.)
Dārys rybis sepār dohaeriros rybis
—He hears the king as he hears the slave
n. 3sol. one who was previously a slave (Past habitual active participle of dohaeragon.)
Astaprot dohaertrossa sīr yno inkot iōrzi, dāeri.
—Those who were slaves in Astapor now stand behind me, free.
perfect: dīntan
v. to put something that naturally goes on, about or in something else in that thing e.g. a cap on a bottle, a sword in a scabbard, a helmet on a head, but not a sword on a table.[42]
in pass., →com. to marry[5]
Ao ynoma dīnilūks?
—Will you marry me?
ozdakonot dīnagon put to flight, chase away.
Sȳndrori jorrāelis lȳr ozdakonot ziry dīntis.
—Those who love the darkness chased her away.
[10]
adj. I. sweet[43]
adj. II no
Dōrior dārion udrirzi mijessis.
—There’s no country without a language.
Yn dōre vala iksan.
—But I am no man.
[44]
indef.pron. adv. never
Mirri ōdria uēpi dōrī drējī zgiēñisi...
—Some old wounds never truly heal...
adj. III not much, few ( < dor- + olvie)
adj. I made of stone ( < dōron + -enka.)
n. 2lun stoney one; Stone Man i.e. a person in the late stages of the Grey Plague. (Subst. of dōrenka.)
He hears the Stone Men in their misery…
—mundari dorenki rybis…
n. 3ter. stone
n. 3sol. wall ( < dōron.)
n. 2lun. The Unburnt (Substantivized form of *dorzalta unburnt < do- + zalta.)
Daenerys Targarien, Jelmāzmo, Dorzalty, Dāria Sikudo Dārȳti Vestero, Muña Zaldrīzoti.
—Daenerys Targaryen, the Stormborn, the Unburnt, the Queen of the Seven Kingdoms of Westeros, the Mother of Dragons.
n. 6for. Dothraki
Daenerys ampa pyrī Dothrakoti ēza.
—Daenerys has ten thousand Dothraki.
n. 2lun. an Unsullied. Col. Dovaogēdyr the Unsullied as a group. (Substantivized form of *dovaogēda unsullied < do- + vaogēda, perf.part. of vaogemagon.)
Dovaogēdys! Naejot memēbātās!
—Unsullied! Forward march!
n. 2sol. dragon-fire.
adj. II wide
adj. II true, correct.
Dārys issa vestris, se prūmio ñuho konir drējior issa.
—They say he is a king and of my heart that is true.
adv. truly; very ( < drēje + -ī.)
Mirri ōdria uēpi dōrī drējī zgiēñisi...
—Some old wounds never truly heal...
Drējī kirine arlī iksan.
—I am really happy again.
n. 4sol. truth (poss. drēje + -ves.)
Jehikarȳ Kinvaro iōrat, Eglio Vokto hen Rijībliot Volantīhot, Drīvo Perzo, Sylvio Ōño, Dohaeriro Ēlio Āeksio Oño syt.
—You stand in the presence of Kinvara, High Priestess of the Red Temple of Volantis, the Flame of Truth, the Light of Wisdom, the First Servant of the Lord of Light.
[45]
drīvose actually, in fact, in truth, drīvose daor actually not, actually no
Drīvose azantys ābra issa.
—Actually the knight is a woman.
prop. n. 3ter. Drogon
n. 3ter. egg
Drōmon nektō?
—Are you slicing an egg?
n. 1lun. cousin by father's sister or mother's brother, cross cousin[46].
Daor, bony ñuha dubāzma issa.
—No, that one is my couisn.
n. 2sol. sibling; cousin by father's brother or mother's sister, parallel cousin[46].
Aōhys dubys gevie issa!
—Your sibling is beautiful!
n. 4sol. animal
Dȳñer raqiror issa.
—All animals are friends.
[47]

E

n. 3ter. night sky[33]; ēbrio gō under the night sky
perfect: ēdrutan
v. V-fin. to sleep
Valar Ēdrussis
—All Men Must Sleep
adj. III high
Voktys Eglie aōt gaomilaksir teptas.
—The High Priest gave you a mission.
n. 3sol. edge; blade; sword (cf. egry.)
n. 2lun. knife, razor (cf. egros.)
Vala egromy rōbir ezīmza.
—The man splits the fig with a knife.
n. 3sol. ear
Muña taobe elekot ondurtas.
—The mother grabbed the boy by his ear.
n. 1aq? tide[48] (cf. elēni perh. the semantic connection is rhythm?)
n. 5lun. voice;[49] music;[50] opinion (cf. elēnar.)
Āeksio Oño elēni jeve rybis.
—The Lord of Light hears your voice.
Zaldrīzesse biādroti elēnȳti zūgusy daor.
—Dragons do not fear the opinions of sheep.
adj. III first; primary
adv. first
Sparos ēlī morghūlilza?
—Who will die first?
[51]
n. 1aq°. honey (includes -illa.)
Havon elillē emi.
—We have bread and honey.
perfect: ēdan
v. C-fin. (irreg.) to have. 3s. pres. act. ind. ēza, 3pl. ēzi, imperfect emilen, emiles, etc.)
n. 1aq. sea. Col. embrar "the sea(s)", in a more figurative sense[52]
Olvie hen embraro tolmiot nykēlot avy ivestragon issa.
—So much news I have to give you from over the seas.
n. 1lun. great sea perh. in some sort of metaphorical sense? Parmenko Embāzmā The Great Grass Sea of the Dothraki ( < embar + -āzma.)
Hen Parmenko Embāzmā Khalēsi
—Khaleesi of the Great Grass Sea
adj. II aquatic ( < embar + -ōñe.); embōñe kēli sea otter.[53]
n. 1lun. west (cf. endie, western)[54]
Lo vēzos endiā sīmonus se ñāqot mazilībus.
—When the sun rises in the west and sets in the east.
[55]
adj. III western (adj. formation off of endia.)
adj. I tasty, good (ēngos + -enka)
Ēngenkor elille emā?
—Do you have good honey?
n. 3sol. little tongue[56] ( < ēngos + -ītsos.)
n. 3sol. tongue; language. Muño ēngos "mother tongue." Quptenkys Ēngos The Common Tongue.
Valyrio muño ēngos ñuhys issa.
—Valyrian is my mother tongue.
Quptenkos Ēngoso ȳdrassis?
—Do you speak the Common tongue?
com. ēngoso used as an adjective meaning talkative, chatty.
Bony ēngoso taoba issa!
—That one is a chatty boy!
v. C-fin. to owe +inst: the thing owed; +acc: the person to whom it is owed.
Dāervose jevosy yne enkot daor.
—You do not owe me your freedom.
perfect: eptan
v. C-fin. to ask somebody→dat. a question→acc.
Ynot mirros epās!
—Ask me something!
[57]
of somebody→dat. a favor→acc.
Skoros ynot epilū?
—What would you ask of me?
Obl. appl. iepagon (less correctly jepagon) "to ask for" something→acc., of someone→dat.
Āeksiot zȳhon vaoreznon jepin, se ziksoso udlissis.
—I ask the Lord for His favor, and He responds as He will.
4sol. female goat, nanny goat
v. C-fin. to win[5]
Skorī dēmalȳti tymptir tymis, ērinis iā morghūlis.
—When you play the game of thrones, you win or you die.
n. 3ter. victory[58] ( < ērinagon + -non.)
n. 3sol.? bee (cf. elilla)
v. C-fin. to split with va +dat into...
Vala egromy rōbir ezīmza.
—The man splits the fig with a knife.
Insv. hezīmagon.

G

n. 1lun. monkey
  • gadbagi ['gadbagi], gadbag]] ['gadbag]
n. 6for.lun. slave name ( < AV gadbag < Ghiscari.)
Gadbag aōhe qrīdrughās.
—Throw away your slave name.
num. adj. III hundredth
n. 2lun. hammer
perfect: gōntan
v. C-fin. to do; →dat. & inf. allow
Mentyri idañe jevi ivestrilātās keskydoso gaomagon.
—You shall tell your fellow soldiers to do likewise.
n. 5aq mission (substantivized fut.pass.part. of gaomagon, lit. that which is to be done.)
Voktys Eglie aōt gaomilaksir teptas.
—The High Priest gave you a mission.
n. 3ter deed
Se dāeri vali pōntalo syt gaomoti iderēbzi.
—And free men make their own choices.
  • gār [gaːr] indec.
num. hundred.
adj. I silver-colored; silver-like,[59] ( < gēlion + -enka.)
n. 3ter. silver.
n. 6col.3ter. money (relex. col. of gēlion silver.)
Gēlȳndi aōt tepagon jaelas.
—He wants to give you money.
[10]
n. 4lun[19] helmet.
Geltī aōhe nādīnās.
—Remove your helmet.
n. 6pauc.3ter. debt[5] (relex. pauc. of gēlion silver.)
Lannister va moriot zȳha gēlȳnī addemmis.
—A Lannister always pays his debts.
n. 4sol. mouse, rat
adv. left
Mittyssy geptot ilzi se voktyssy paktot.
—There are fools to the left, and priests to te right.
n. 1aq road ( < geron (etc.) + -albar.)
n. 3ter. walk.
Qilōnario Geron.
—Walk of Punishment.
exp. good bye.[60]
n. 1lun. fruit, piece of fruit; more generally the edible part of a plant.
adv. beautifully ( < gevia + -ī.)
Gevī ȳdrā, azantys!
—You speak beautifully, knight!
adj. III. beautiful[61]
n. 4sol. beauty[62] ( < gevie + -ves.)
prop. n. 3sol. Ghis
Valyri Ghīs idakotis.
—The Valyrians attacked Ghis.
adj. I Ghiscari
Mīrīn, Astapor, Junkāe Ghīska oktia issi.
—Meereen, Astapor, and Yunkai are Ghiscari cities.
Ghīski āeksia Daenero zaldrīzī sindigon sylutis.
—The Ghiscari masters tried to buy Daenerys' dragons.
adj. I. equal, even[38]; steady, by extension calm[63].
…iēdrosa gīdāpa.
—…calm as still water.
n. 4sol. equality (< gīda + -ves.) (also cf. nāgīdāves.)
v. C-fin.' to heal (intransitive), to be healed (perh. giez + -ēñagon.)
Insv. zgiēñagon to heal of wounds etc. as opposed to people.
Mirri ōdria uēpi dōrī drējī zgiēñisi...
—Some old wounds never truly heal...
n. 3sol. One Who is Not Yet Healed, a term used in Astapor for Unsullied in training (substantivized future participle of giēñagon. AV ginilaro.)
  • giez [gi͡ez] gier-
adj. II whole
v. V-fin. to know, to know how
Kesir gīmī.
—You know this
Daoruni gīmī, Ionos Sōnaro.
—You know nothing, Jon Snow.
Gīmissiks.
—It is known.
[64]
  • gīs ['giːs] gīh-
n. 3sol.[65] soul.
Zȳhys ōñoso jehikagon Āeksiot epi, se gīs hen sȳndrorro jemagon.
—We ask the Lord to shine his light, and lead a soul out of darkness.
v. C-fin. to live; used with adv. to describe state of well-being: Skorkydoso glaesā? How are you?, Syrī glaesan I'm good.[64]:
n. 3ter. life. Col. glaesor life (slightly more abstract)[2]
Keso glaesot iderēptot daor.
—You did not choose this life.
postp.→gen. under, beneath, below; before
adv. under, beneath, below; before
Skoriot daorys gō istas nēdenkirī jagon.
—To boldly go where no one has gone before.
[66]
v. Loc. appl. C-fin. to lie below →acc. ( < gō- + u- + ilagon.)
...rūso zȳhosy gōvilirose zijo syt pyghas lue prūmie.
—... with his child beneath the heart that beats for him.
v to put under ( < gō- + u- + ilagon + -emagon.)
Daenerys zȳhi byki zaldrīzī qurdot gōvilēza.
—Daenerys is putting her little dragon under the table.
n. 4sol. louse.
adj. I round ( < grevy + -enka.)
n. 3ter. waist, circumference (cf. grevy.)
n. 2lun. wheel[67]
n. 4sol. bear.
Gryves se Riña Litse.
—The Bear and the Maiden Fair.
n. 4lun. tree
n. 6pauc.4lun. forest (pauc. of guēse.)
perfect: gūrēntan
v. C-fin. to learn (perh.gūrogon + -ēñagon.)
Valar gūrēñis
—All men must learn
[68]
n. 5aq. lesson (Type II substantive of future passive participle of gūrēñagon, lit. "that which will be learned".).
Gūrēnilaksir Ēlior
—Lesson 1/First Lesson.
perfect: gūrotan
v. V-fin. to take[5]; in the reflexive to earn, merit, deserve
Ñuhor līr gūrēnna.
—I will take what is mine.
[5]
Laodiapossa buzdaris gūrogon.
—Let the slave pick up the masks.
n. 6col.5aq. that which one has earned, that which one deserves, one's due, just deserts (col. subst. perf. part. of gūrogon.)
Se jevo qrinuntoti pōjor gūrotriri maghan.
—And I bring your enemies what they deserve.
Āegenkor Tistālior jāhor gūrotriri emilza.
—The Iron Bank will have its due.
[6]

H

prep.→loc. as, like.
Yne sytivīlībilāt? Hae dāero valoti?
—Will you fight for me? As free men?
n. 1aq. younger sister; younger female cousin by father's brother or mother's sister[46].
Valar limassis, hāedus. Valar limassis.
—All men must cry, little sister. All men must cry.
Ñuhor haedri renīs se nykēla avy ossēninna!
—Touch my sister and I'll kill you myself!
[69]
v. V-fin. to pull
num. adj. II three
num. thirty
num. adj. III thirtieth
adj. I appropriate, suitable, appropriately sized, suitably sized, the right size
Ñuhys zaldrīzes harrenkys issa.
—My dragon is the right size.
n. 3ter bread.[70]
Havon sīr ipradakson kostas.
—The bread can now be eaten.
[41]
n. 6col.3ter. food (relex. col. of havon bread.)
postp.→gen. from amongst (prob. hen + rȳ, with nasal deletion.)
Jenti jevi jemēle iderēbilātās, qogrondo jevo hēdrȳ.
—You will select a leader, from amongst your own ranks.
n. 2sol. butcher (hegagon + -tys.)
Issa, aōho hēdo taobe sēntan!
—Yes, I killed your butcher's boy!
v. C-fin. to slaughter.
adv. like that, in that way (seemingly from hae konīr.)
Issa, drīvose hegnīr ēdrus.
—Yes, she is actually sleeping like that.
conj. →subj. so that
Gēlȳndi aōt tepagon jaelas, hegnīr aōhys rūs ipradagon kostos.
—He only wants to give you money, so your baby can eat.
[10]
adv. like this, in this way (seemingly from hae kesīr.)
Issa, heksīr ipradan.
—Yes, I am eating like this.
adv. next ( < pār, presumably with hen).
Hembar Yunkaihot istan.
—Next I went to Yunkai.
prep.→loc. from, of; →dat. out of; because of, on account of, thanks to, on (in the sense of paid for by)
Nyke Daenerys Jelmāzmo hen Targārio Lentrot, hen Valyrio Uēpo ānogār iksan.
—I am Daenerys Stormborn of the House Targaryen, of the blood of Old Valyria.
Hen ynot mōzīli
—Drinks are on me!
[71]
adj. I same
Lodaor hēnkos vējose hae Astaprot Yunkai botilza.
—Otherwise, Yunkai will suffer the same fate as Astapor.
adv. together ( < hēnka + -ī.)
Yn aderī, mōrī, aōt māzīli se hēnkirī īlvi biarvī manaerili.
—But soon, when it is all over, we shall come to you and celebrate together.
'adv. in kind
Tolvi zijo syt vilībari morghūljosy li henkiri sigliliks.
—All those who die fighting for her shall be reborn in kind.
perfect: hembistan
v. Loc. appl. irreg. to exit, to leave. ( < hen- + u- + jagon.)
Henujagon jaelza lua vala mirre henujagon kostas.
—Any man who wishes to leave may leave.
n. 3ter. climb. (< unattested *hep- to climb + -non.)
Hepnon.
—The Climb.
n. 3sol. ladder.[72] (< unattested *hep- to climb + *-vos, presumably some sort of instrument-forming suffix.)
Qrīdronnor hepvos issa.
— Chaos is a ladder.
v. Insv. C-fin. to split, used with instrumental subjects ( < a- + ezīmagon.)
(Valo ondoso) rōbir egry hezīmza.
—The knife (of the man) splits the fig.
(Egromy) rōbir hezīmaks.
—The fig is split (with a knife).
adv. henceforth, from now on ( < hen + sīr with nasal deletion.)
Hēzīr, brōza jevi jemēle iderēbilātās.
—From this day forward, you will choose your own names.
v. to scream[73]
... se avy ōdrikosy lī hīghari morghūlilzi.
— ... and those who would harm you will die screaming.
v. C-fin. to hit
n. 4sol. bird.
Issa, ñuhys raqiros hontes issa.
—Yes, my friend is a bird.
n. 4sol. male goat, billy goat.
kastys hobresse
— “blue goats”.
v. to make proud (perh. hōzigon + -kagon.)
... iderēbās. Avy hoskas lue brōzi.
—Choose... A name that gives you pride.
v. V-fin. to swell
n. 3ter. rope
n. 4sol. rabbit
n. 1lun. moon
Ñuho glaeso hūrus.
—Moon of my life.
[64]
adj. I lunar ( < hūra + -enka.)
hūrenkon qogror.
—“lunar class”.
[74]

I

conj. or
v. C-fin. to flow
n. 1lun. mother's older brother, maternal uncle older than mother[46].
Dārys ñuhe iāpe iotāptes.
—The king respects my uncle.
n. 1lun. mother's older brother's child, cousin by maternal uncle older than mother[46].
Viserys Daenero lēkia iāpannā issa.
—Viserys is Daenerys's older brother and cousin.
n. 2lun. bone
perfect: idakotan
v. V-fin. to attack may only be used with a direct object ( < i- + dakogon.)
Bone vale idakōs!
—Attack that man!
n. 1lun. twin (cf. idañe.)
Voktys idañī izūgas.
—The priest is afraid of the twins.
adj. II fellow (cf. idaña.)
Mentyri idañe jevi ivestrilātās keskydoso gaomagon.
—You shall tell your fellow soldiers to do likewise.
perfect: iderēptan
v. Obl. appl. C-fin. to chose, select. +dat: the thing selected, +acc: the person for whom the thing is selected (this applies even in the passive) ( < i- + derēbagon.)
Vala rōbrȳti Aeri iderēbza.
—The man selects figs for Aerys.
Aeri iderēbaks.
—Aerys is selected for.
Jaehot avy iderēbās jorepās.
—Pick a god and pray.
[75]
n. 3ter choice ( < iderēb- + -non.)
Lo jention mirre nūmāzme ēza, iderenna qopsa verdagon issa.
—If leadership is about anything, it’s about making hard choices.
n. 4sol trial[5]
Vīlībāzmosa iderennī emilun.
—I would like a trial by combat.
n. 1aq. water
Ñuha lēkia jūlor iēdrī mōzus.
—My brother is drinking milk and water.
col. iēdrar poetic for sea
n. 2lun. stomach
Dāro iemny rōva issa.
—The king's stomach is large.
postp.→gen. within more emphatic than using the bare locative. (loc. of iemny stomach.)
Jēdar yno toliot. Tegon yno gō. Perzys yno iemnȳ.
—Sky above me. Earth below me. Fire within me.
[76]
v. C-fin. to lie, to be in a certain place.[77] Original meaning to lay straight preserved in expression geros ilas good bye, literally something like may the path lie straight. (cf. ilie straight.)
Sȳndror ilis luo tegunno Mordrot.
—In the land of Mordor, where the shadows lie
[78]
Jemēlo kaerīnnon ivīlībilāt, lo sīr Dāria Daenerys jemī ivīlībagon kesīr īlos daor?
—Will you fight for your own salvation, now that Queen Daenerys is not here to fight for you?
[10]
in the sense of there is, there are:
Zaldrīzes rihot ilza!
—There is a dragon in the valley!
adj. III straight (cf. ilagon to lie (straight)).
n. 3ter crossroads (Perh. < ilagon + -lion, cf. īlinuragon)
Arlȳr īliliot ēdrun.
—I am sleeping at the new crossroads.
perfect: īlinurtan
v. C-fin. to crucify (Contains -uragon.)
Dohaerirossa hen pōjo belmondo daerēdas se hen pōjo qringaomnoti Āeksia īlinurtas.
—She has freed the slaves from their chains and crucified the Masters for their sins.
perfect: ilīritan
v. Obl. appl. V-fin. to smile upon →acc. ( < līrigon to smile)
Āeksio yne ilīritas.
—The Lord has smiled upon me.
prop. n. 3aq. Illyrio
Sȳrī avy ūjus dohaeragon.
—May it serve you well.
pers.pron. we.
refl. 1lun. ourselves
  • īlva ['iːlva] -ys, -on, -or
poss. adj. I our
poss.pron. 3ter. ours
perfect: ilzitan
v. V-fin. to throw
perfect: imāstan
v. Obl. appl. V-fin. to attend an event. ( < i- + māzigon lit. to come for.)
Valar imāzissis.
—All men must attend.
[79]
perfect: imorghūltan
v. C-fin. to die for ( < i- + morghuljagon.)
Aōhor jaqiarzir ivīlībin imorghūlīn, jaqiarzus Dārȳs.
—I fight and die for your glory, O glorious Queen.
[80]
v. V-fin. to push
n. 3ter. back
Kēli ñuho inkot ilza.
—There is a cat on my back.
behind, backwards, lit. "to the back". [81](the locative or dative case of inkon.)
Astaprot dohaertrossa sīr yno inkot iōrzi, dāeri
—Those who were slaves in Astapor now stand behind me, free.
Iōnos! Kostilus! Inkot jagon daor.
—Jon! Please! Dont go back.
prop. n. 3sol. Jonos, Jon a common name
Daoruni gīmī, Iōnos Sōnaro.
—You know nothing, Jon Snow.
perfect: iōrtan
v. C-fin. to be standing, to stand.
n. 4sol. cold, coldness[82] ( < iosre + -ves.)
Se iōrves yne dōrī jenitis.
—The cold never bothered me.
adj. II cold
  • iosrūljagon ['i͡osru:ljagon], iojūljagon]] ['i͡oju:ljagon]
v. C-fin. to become cold ( < iosre + -ūljagon.)
  • iosrūlirion ['i͡osru:liri͡on], iojūlirion]] ['i͡oju:liri͡on]
n. 3ter. autumn[84] ( < aorist participle of iosrūljagon + -ion.)
Iosrūlirion kesīr ilza.
—Autumn is here.
perfect: iotāptetan
v. Obl. appl. V-fin. to respect; to consider (+ hae + loc.), to take into account; to consider the feelings of; to make plans taking into account the existence or importance of... ( < eventative of iotāpagon < otāpagon.)
perfect: iprattan[85]
v. C-fin. to eat (In origin the applicative of *pradagon, a verb of uncertain meaning, but in any case not reated to eating. It supplanted kisagon as the word for to eat. )[86]
Valar Ipradis... Valar Ipradiks
—All Men Must Eat... All Men Must Be Eaten.
[87]
n. 2lun. gift ( < irughagon.)
Va ñellyrty perzys zȳhyz zaldrīzesse issi, Āeksio Oño irudy.
—Her dragons are fire made flesh, a gift from the Lord of Light.
Lo zȳhyz zaldrīzesse Āeksiō Ōñō irudy Daenerot issi, sepār Daenerys Āeksiō irudy riñarta zȳhot issa.
—Just as her dragons are a gift from the Lord of Light to Daenerys, so then is Daenerys a gift from the Lord to her children.
[11]
perfect: irūdan
v. Obl. appl. C-fin. to give (lit. to drop to), used when both subject and recipient in 3rd person (otherwise see tepagon.) , ( < i- + rughagon.)
n. 3sol person (prob. subst. pres.part. of sagon, lit. being.)
perfect: ivestretan
v. Obl. appl. C-fin. to tell, to say to ( < i- + vestragon.)
v. Obl. appl. C-fin. to fight for →acc. ( < i- + vīlībagon to fight.)
Aōhor jaqiarzir ivīlībin imorghūlīn, jaqiarzus Dārȳs.
—I fight and die for your glory, O glorious Queen.
[80]
perfect: izūgdan
v. Obl. appl. C-fin. to fear
Ñuhī zaldrīzī izūgilā.
—You will fear my dragons.
  • izula [i'zula] -ys, -on, -on
num. adj. I four
num. forty
num. adj. III fortieth
num. adj. III fourth

J

n. 3sol. summer[88]
prop. n. 1aq°. the Summer Isles usage unclear: it is not known wether this name is to be put in the the singular, plural, or even collective ( < jaedos + -ria.)
n. 3lun goddess ( < jaeh- + -io.)
perfect: jēldan
v. C-fin. to want, to wish
Henujagon jaelza lua vala mirre henujagon kostas.
—Any man who wishes to leave may leave.
  • jaes [jaɛ̯s] jaeh-
n. 3sol god, deity (male or female)[89]
Jaehossi Uēpossi Arlȳssī.
—By the Old Gods and the New.
Jaehossas sȳris sātās
—Gods be good!
[79]
perfect: istan
v. irreg. to go.
Sesīr īlot jagon!
—Now let us go!
[90]
  • jāha ['jaːha] -ys, -on, -or
poss. adj. I its, his, her
poss.pron. 3ter. its, his, hers
refl. 1lun. itself, himself, herself
  • jaos [jaɔ̯s] jaoh-
n. 3sol. dog
Jaohossa rhovis. Jaohossa rhovisi
—The dogs are barking. Dogs bark.
[64]
prop. n. 6pauc. Jaqen (cf. jaqiarzir.)
Jaqen hen Lorathī iksos daor.
—Jaqen is not from Lorath.
adj. I glorious (Aorist passive participle of unknown verb *jaqagon, perhaps from z- + raqagon.)
Aōhor jaqiarzir ivīlībin imorghūlīn, jaqiarzus Dārȳs.
—I fight and die for your glory, O glorious Queen.
[80]
n. 5aq. glory (Type 2 substantive of jaqiarza.)
Aōhor jaqiarzir ivīlībin imorghūlīn, jaqiarzus Dārȳs.
—I fight and die for your glory, O glorious Queen.
[80]
n. 6for. harpy ( < AV jazdan < Ghiscari )[91]
n. 1lun. season, time.
n. 1aq. sky (cf. jēda time and jēdar year. Possibly originally a collective, like lentor.)
col. jēdrar sky
n. 6col.1aq. year (col. of jēda time.)
Biarior Arlior Jēdari!
—Happy New Year!
perfect: jehittan
v. C-fin. to shine. With acc. to shine on, illuminate (perh. jaeh- + -ikagon?)
Āeksios, aōhos ōñoso īlōn jehikās.
—Lord, cast your light upon us
[23]
postp.→gen. in the presence of ( < jehikarys.))
Jehikarȳ Kinvaro iōrat, Eglio Vokto hen Rijībliot Volantīhot, Drīvo Perzo, Sylvio Ōño, Dohaeriro Ēlio Āeksio Oño syt.
—You stand in the presence of Kinvara, High Priestess of the Red Temple of Volantis, the Flame of Truth, the Light of Wisdom, the First Servant of the Lord of Light.
[45]
n. 2sol. radiance, glow; presence ( < jehikagon.)
v. C-fin. to blow (from a root *jēl-, seen in jelmio etc., + -ēbagon.)
n. 1lun. storm. Gen. Jelmāzmo Stormborn. ( < jelmio + -āzma.)
Nyke Daenerys Jelmāzmo hen Targārio Lentrot.
—I am Daenerys Stormborn of the House Targaryen.
n. 3lun. wind. Coll. jelmior]] ['jelmi͡or] wind collectively,[92] weather.[88] (cf. jēlēbagon)
Udra jelmior issi.
—Words are wind.
adj. III. northern ( < jelmor + -ōñe.)[93]
n. 3aq. north (related to jelmio.)[93]
Jelmor rūnis.
—The North remembers
[94]
perfect: jentan
v. to lead someone →acc., from something →acc(?), to something →dat?loc?; daoriot jemas it doesn't matter, lit. it leads nowhere. (possibly in origin i- + emagon, but this is uncertain, and in any case the verb conjugates regularly)
Roberti Dāri zȳhi nekēpti se Āeksiot Ōño jemagon.
—Turn King Robert away from his idols and toward the Lord of Light.
v. C-fin. to reign ( < jemagon+ -ēbagon)
Bōsirī zirys jemēbagon.
—Long may she reign.
refl. 1lun. ourselves
pers.pron. you (plur.).
adj. I made of glass (contains -enka.)[95]
v. V-fin. to touch, to abut[82]
Se iōrves yne dōrī jenitis.
—The cold never bothered me.
n. 3ter. leadership. ( < jemagon.)
Lo jention mirre nūmāzme ēza, iderenna qopsa verdagon issa.
—If leadership is about anything, it’s about making hard choices.
n. 2sol. leader, ruler, commander. ( < jemagon.)
Jentys Dovaogēdyro syt iksā.
—You are the leader of the Unsullied.
  • jēnqa ['jeːɴqa] -ys, -on, -on
num. adj. I eight
num. adj. III eighth
num. eighty
num. adj. III eightieth
n. 3ter. dust
  • jeva ['jeva] -ys, -on, -or
poss. adj. I your (pl.)
poss.pron. 3ter. yours (pl.)
perfect: jittan
v. C-fin.? to send (prob. jagon + -kagon.)
Va oktio remȳti vale jikās.
—Send a man to the city gates.
Āeksio Oño jemot Muñe Zaldrīzoti jittas.
—The Lord of Light sent the Mother of Dragons to you.
[10]
v. Obl. appl. C-fin.? to receive (at least in the sense of receiving a guest) ( < i- + iōragon to stand)[96]
Belmurtī ivestrās kesīr pōnte jiōrinna se pōjon obūljarion mazōrīnna.
—Tell the slavers I will receive them here and accept their surrender.
with va →dat. to welcome to...
Va Mīrīnot jemī jiōran.
—Welcome to Meereen.
in the imperfect passive to be welcome.
Kesīr drējī jiorilaks.
—You are very welcome here.
[9]
n. 3ter. a welcome in acc. pl. excl. welcome! ( < jiōragon + -non.)
v. C-fin. to silence (prob. contains jo-.)
Elēni ñuhe jogeltigon sylutis, sepār jevon jogeltigon sylussi. Yn kostosy daor.
—They tried to silence my voice, as they try to silence yours. But they cannot.
v. C-fin. to continue to slaughter ( < jo- + *hegagon to slaughter.)
Quptyssy pontālī johegzi se jomōzū.
—The heathen continue to slaughter each other and you continue to get drunk
perfect: jollōrtan
v. C-fin. to study +dat.?[97] ( < jor- + lōragon to drill, to bore).[97]
Issarori jollōris lua riña.
—A girl who studies people.
[98]
perfect: jomīstan
v. C-fin.. to wear armor on →acc. the person or body part, →inst. the equipment ( < jo- + mīsagon.)
Bonys azantys geltose jomīsos daor.
—That knight is not wearing a helmet.
v. V-fin. to continue to get drunk ( < jo- + mōzugon to drink.)
Quptyssy pontālī johegzi se jomōzū.
—The heathen continue to slaughter each other and you continue to get drunk
v. C-fin. to pray (< jor- + epagon.)
Jaehot avy iderēbās jorepās.
—Pick a god and pray.
[75]
→gen. to pray to, to beg
Zȳhi perzi stepagon Āeksio Ōño jorepi, se morghūltas lī qēlītsos sikagon.
—We beg the Lord to share his fire, and light a candle that has gone out.
[65]
n. 3ter. prayer ( < jorepagon + -non.)
Jeva jorepna ryptas se pōnte udlitas.
—He has heard your prayers and answered them.
v. V-fin. to wring ondossa jorhakogon to wring one's hands ( < jor- + hakogon to pull)
Ondossa jorhakēlāt, lykāpsirī Zaldrīzoti Muño amāzinon jumbari?
—Will you wring your hands, while you wait idly for the Mother of Dragons to return?
[10]
perfect: jorrāeltan
v. C-fin. to hold dear, to love; to need [100]( < jo- + rāelagon.)
Muñus jorrāeliarzus: Olvie hen embraro tolmiot nykēlot avy ivestragon issa.
—Dearest Mother: So much news I have to give you from over the seas.
n. 3aq. milk
Aōhor jūlor mōzun.
—I am drinking your milk.
perfect: jumptan
v. Obl. appl. C-fin. to wait for ( < i + umbagon.)
Ondossa jorhakēlāt, lykāpsirī Zaldrīzoti Muño amāzinon jumbari?
—Will you wring your hands, while you wait idly for the Mother of Dragons to return?
[10]
prop. n. ter° Yunkai ( < Ghiscari)
Lodaor hēnkos vējose hae Astaprot Yunkai botilza.
—Otherwise, Yunkai will suffer the same fate as Astapor.
perfect: jūndan
v. Obl. appl. V-fin. to look at, regard, to examine.[101][102] ( < i- + urnegon.)

K

n. 3lun. savior (prob. *kaerīñagon + -io.)
Jemot kaerīnio jittas!
—He has sent you a savior!
n. 3ter. salvation (prob. *kaerīñagon + -non.)
Jemēlo kaerīnnon ivīlībilāt?
—Will you fight for your own salvation?
[10]
  • kasta ['kasta] -ys, -on, -or
adj. I blue, green
n. 5lun. cat, pauc. kēlin herd of cats[64]; qelbōñe kēli river otter; embōñe kēli sea otter.
Kēlir morghūlis
—All cats must die.
[103]
perfect: kelitan
v. V-fin. to stop, to come to a stop. Generally used intransitively, except in the perfect passive participle: keliton ended.
Dovaogēdys .... Kelītīs.
—Unsullied .... Halt.
Sesīr Urnēbion Zȳhon Keliton Issa.
—And Now His Watch Is Ended.
n. 3lun. lion[29] ( < kēli + -io.)
Azantys kēlio rȳbas.
—The knight hears the lion.
n. 3sol. little cat, kitty[104] ( < kēli + -ītsos.)
  • kempa ['kempa] -ys, -on, -or
adj. I heavy
n. 1lun. father; father's brother, paternal uncle[46].
riño kepa
—the girl's father
[64]
Kepo Tubis Biare
—Happy Father's Day
[105]
v. C-fin.? to cook
  • kesa ['kesa] -ys, -on, -or
dem.pron. adj. I this proximal, inanimate
Kesys ondor avy sytilībus daor.
—You should not have these powers.
dem.pron. 5aq. this one proximal, inanimate, for abstract or uncountable entitites, "this place."
Kesir gīmī.
—You know this
Kesir sepār īlza
—This too shall pass
[106]
kesrio syt because, for; on account of this.
dem.pron. adv. here (loc. of kesir.)
Belmurtī ivestrās kesīr pōnte jiōrinna.
—Tell the slavers I will receive them here.
dem.pron. 2lun. this one proximal, inanimate, for concrete, countable entities
adv. in the same way, likewise. ( < demonstrative kes- + -kydoso.)
Mentyri idañe jevi ivestrilātās keskydoso gaomagon.
—You shall tell your fellow soldiers to do likewise.
intj. yes[5] (3s fut.act.ind. of sagon.[107])
n. 6for Khal, title used for the leader of a Dothraki horde ( < Doth. khal.)
n. 6for Khaleesi, Dothraki queen, wife of a khal ( < Doth. khaleesi.)
Hen Parmenko Embāzmā Khalēsi
—Khaleesi of the Great Grass Sea
n. 3sol.[19] spring[88]
v. to ride
Sesīr kipi.
—And now we ride.
[111]
n. 4sol. joy[112] ( < kirine + -ves.)
Naenio jēdoti kirimvose glaesātās!
—May you live happily for many years!
  • kirimvose [ki'rimvose], kirimvos]] [ki'rimvos]
exp. thank you. (Inst. of kirimves.)
kirimvose daor no thank you, kirimvose, sȳz iksan thanks I'm good.
adj. II happy
Tubī hae kesīr sittāks, sesīr kirine iksan.
—You were born on a day like this one, and so I am happy.
v. obsolete word for to eat. Word persists in Classical High Valyrian, but it is considered coarse.
n. 1aq. feast, (contains -albar (cf. geralbar), presumably related to kisagon, an obsolete verb meaning "to eat".)
Lāroti syt kisalbar
—A Feast for Crows
[113]
perfect: kisittan
v. C-fin. to feed →acc. the recipient, →inst. the food. ( < kisagon + -ikagon.)
Zoklī havoso kisittoty daor.
—We did not feed the wolves bread.
n. 3lun. promise
Jemot kivio ñuhe tepan
—I give you my word.
Kivio Dārilaros The Prince That Was Promised
Meri kīvio dārilaros ōz maghagon kostas.
—Only the prince who was promised can bring the dawn.
[9]
Ziry kivio dārilaros issa, se zȳhon suvio perzō vāedar issa.
—He is the prince that was promised, and his is the song of ice and fire.
[32]
n. 3sol fish
Kesy ñuhys klios issa.
—This one is my squid.
  • kona ['kona] -ys, -on, -or
dem.pron. adj. I that distal, inanimate
dem.pron. 5aq. that one distal, inanimate, for abstract or uncountable entities, that place.
Dārys issa vestris, se prūmio ñuho konir drējior issa.
—They say he is a king and of my heart that is true.
Konir sagon kostos daor.
—That's not possible.
dem.pron. adv. there (loc. of konir.)
n. 3aq. steam, vapor.[114]
dem.pron. 2lun. that one distal, inanimate, for concrete, countable entities
n. 4lun. longsword (cf. korzion, korzita.)
Korzoti Jelmāzma
—A Storm of Swords
[115]
n. 3ter. steel, especially, but not exclusively Valyrian steel (cf. korze.)
adj. I firm, taut, stretched (Perh. from a verb *korzigon.)
Korzitī prūbrī jorrāelan.
—I like the firm apples.
perfect: kōttan
v. C-fin. to be able, can, may.
Konir sagon kostos daor
—That's not possible.
Henujagon jaelza lua vala mirre henujagon kostas.
—Any man who wishes to leave may leave.
Vestragon koston daor.
—I cannot say.
adv. perhaps; exp. please. (3s. fut.act.subj. of kostagon, lit. be it possible.)
Kostilus jevi āeksia yno bē pirtra jemot vestretis.
—Your masters may have told you lies about me.
n. 3lun. hero (< kostagon + -io.)
n. 3ter. power, might ( < kostagon + -ion.)
Sēteroti kostion vale ossȳngas.
—The power of the magic spells frightens the man.
adj. I powerful, strong, mighty ( < kostagon)
Mittys iksā. Āeksia tolī kostōbi issi.
—You’re a fool. The masters are too strong.
Kostōba Nēdenkā.
—Strong and Brave.
[116]
adv. powerfully, mightily, strongly ( < kostōba + -irī.)
Zokla kēlio kostōbirī angotas.
—The wolf bit mightily into the lion.
n. 3lun. beet
Skoro syt kesī krēga bāngā?
—Why are you baking these beets?
n. 3sol. leg
Averilloma vala azanti krihot ondurtas.
—The drunk man grabbed the knight by the leg.
n. 3lun. dwarf
perfect: kustittan
v. C-fin. to strengthen, enable, encourage ( < kostagon + -ikagon.)
Ābre kustittas lua vala raqiros issa.
—The man who encouraged the woman is a friend.
perfect: kydȳptan
v. C-fin. to measure (prob. contains -bagon.)
Kydȳptakson sȳz kesos.
—It would be good to have been measured.
[41]
n. 6col. intestines
n. 3lun. silkworm
n. 3ter. plan, strategy[62] ( < *kȳvagon to plan + -non.)
prop. n. Cyvasse, a Volantene board game, lit. strategist ( < *kȳvagon to plan + -kio.)[117]

L

  • laes [laɛ̯s] laeh-
n. 3sol. eye.
Laehossa yne ōdris.
—My eyes hurt.
n. 3ter face [118] (perh. laes + -uragon + -lion.)
adj. I faceless [118] ( < laehurlion face + -oqitta.)
Laehurloqitti Vali The Faceless Men.
  • lanta ['lanta] -ys, -on, -on
num. adj. I two
...kesrio syt lanta iksan.
—...for now I am two.
num. twenty
num. adj. III twentieth
n. 2lun. fox
n. 3sol. mask (contains -iapos. Cf. laodigon, qrillaodagon.)
Laodiaposo jomīsagon avy sytilīptas.
—You should have worn the mask.
v. V-fin. to steal[115]
n. 1lun. crow[119]
perfect: lēdan
v. C-fin. to fill. →acc. the thing being filled, →gen. the substance with which it is filled, →inst. the instrument by which it is filled.
  • lēda ['leːda] -ys, -on, -or
adj. I filled, full →gen. with..., of... (perf. part. of leghagon.)
Kesrio syt bantis zōbrie issa se ossȳngnoti lēdys.
—For the night is dark and full of terrors
[23]
n. 1lun. older brother[120]; older male cousin by father's brother or mother's sister[46].
Viserys Daenero lēkia issa.
—Viserys is Daenerys's brother.
n. 3ter. house as in a physical building in which one lives.
n. 3aq. house in the sense of family, noble line, dynasty. (originally a relexified collective of lenton, which was then reanalyzed into a 3aq. noun.)
Nyke Daenerys Jelmāzmo hen Targārio Lentrot.
—I am Daenerys Stormborn of the House Targaryen.
n. 6col.3ter. village (col. of lenton.)
n. 6pauc.3ter. community (relexified paucal of lenton.)
v. C-fin. to tie, to bind[42]
v. C-fin. to dance
Valar lilis.
—All men must dance.
[121]
perfect: limatan[122]
v. V-fin. to cry
Valar limassis, hāedus. Valar limassis.
—All men must cry, little sister. All men must cry.
[123]
perfect: liortan
v. C-fin. to sell
Dohaeriros istin, sindita liortā, qilonta ozbartā.
—I was a slave once, bought and sold, scourged and branded.
[9]
adj. I for sale (fut.pass.part. of lioragon.)
rel.pron. that which (is) for abstract or uncountable entitites (subst. of lua.)
Valo lurio vaoresan.
—I prefer that which is a man‘s.
n. 3ter smile ( < līrigon to smile + -non.)
Prūmiā līrinoso rēbās!
—Walk with a smile in your heart!
v. V-fin. to smile
perfect: ilīritan
adj. II fair, beautiful.
Gryves se Riña Litse.
—The Bear and the Maiden Fair.
conj. if (perh. related to lua?)
Lo jention mirre nūmāzme ēza, iderenna qopsa verdagon issa.
—If leadership is about anything, it’s about making hard choices.
lo sīr now that
Jemēlo kaerīnnon ivīlībilāt, lo sīr Dāria Daenerys jemī ivīlībagon kesīr īlos daor?
—Will you fight for your own salvation, now that Queen Daenerys is not here to fight for you?
[10]
conj. otherwise. (lo + daor.)
Lodaor hēnkos vējose hae Astaprot Yunkai botilza.
—Otherwise, Yunkai will suffer the same fate as Astapor.
n. 6col. ship (cf. loktys.)
n. 2sol. sailor. (cf. lōgor.)
n. 3aq? salt
v. C-fin. to drill, to bore Takes a dative object.[97]
n. 2lun. tunnel, hole ( < lōragon.)
Azantys lōrtot udekurza.
—The knight is approaching the tunnel.
prop. n. 6for. Lorath
Jaqen hen Lorathī iksos daor.
—Jaqen is not from Lorath.
  • lōta ['loːta] -ys, -on, -or
adj. I solid[124]
adv. steadfastly ( < lōta + -irī.)
Lo Dārie se pāsābari sytiotāpia lōtirī jorrāeloty, sepār dōre vala arlī īlōn belmurilza.
—If we are steadfast in our love for the Queen and her faithful advisors, no man will ever lock us in chains again
[11]
n. 2lun pie
Tolī rhūqo lōtinti, kostilus.
—More pigeon pie, please.
[5]
  • lōz [loːz] lōrior
adj. II wet
rel.pron. adj.[125] who, which, that; agrees with head noun's gender, case & number(?) in main clause.
v. V-fin. to fold
n. 3ter. ankle (perh. < lurugon.)
rel.pron. one which (is) for concrete, countable entities (subst. of lua.)
Valo luo vaoresan.
—I prefer one which is a man‘s.
adj. I quiet, silent[63] ( < lyks.)
Sȳndroso lykāpa…
—Quiet as a shadow…
adv. idly ( < *lykāpsa + -irī, presumably ultimately derived from lyka.)
Ondossa jorhakēlāt, lykāpsirī Zaldrīzoti Muño amāzinon jumbari?
—Will you wring your hands, while you wait idly for the Mother of Dragons to return?
[10]
perfect: lykēdan
v. C-fin. (irreg.) to silence (< lyka + emagon)
Aōle lykemās.
—Be quiet.
n.3sol. peace [126] (cf. lyka.)
lyks mazverdagon to bring peace
Meli Voktyssy Mīrīnī lyks mazverdagon beldis.
—The Red Priests helped bring peace to Meereen.
[9]
prop. n. 3sol. Lys
Lyvo vali ābrī gevī laehossa ēzi.
—The men and women have beautiful eyes.
Zān hen Lyvot ābre ūndan.
—Yesterday I saw a woman from Lys.

M

n. 5lun. wise-woman, witch (original language uncertain, but declension class suggests a Valyrian origin.[127] Root meaning may be wise.)[128]
v. C-fin. to bring
Udrāzmī jemot maghon daor. Iderennon maghan.
—I do not bring you commands. I bring you a choice.
n. 3aq. rice (DJP supposes that the Valyrians cultivated it.)
v. C-fin. to raise, →acc: to celebrate[129], biarvī manaeragon to celebrate (good fortune)[129].
Yn aderī, mōrī, aōt māzīli se hēnkirī īlvi biarvī manaerili.
—But soon, when it is all over, we shall come to you and celebrate together.
n. 1lun. older sister[130]; older female cousin by father's brother or mother's sister[46].
perfect: majattan
v. C-fin. to admire ( < maz- + raqagon.)
n. 1lun bat. [131]
v. V-fin. to happen, perhaps also to become (perh. maz- + sigon, aorist of sagon, to come to be.)
"Skorion massitas?" "Qringōntan."
—"What happened?" "I failed."
v. C-fin. (irreg.). to take. ( lit. come to have, < maz- + emagon)
v. C-fin. to set (of the sun)[132] (lit. something like come to lie (< maz- + ilībagon, also seen in sytilībagon to belong, < ilagon to lie (down) + -ībagon.)
Lo vēzos endiā sīmonus se ñāqot mazilībus.
—When the sun rises in the west and sets in the east.
[55]
perfect: māstan
v. V-fin. to come.
n. 3ter. future
v. V-fin. to accept ( lit. come to hold < maz- + ōregon.)[96]
Belmurtī ivestrās kesĪr pōnte jiōrinna se pōjon obūljarion mazōrīnna.
—Tell the slavers I will receive them here and accept their surrender.
perfect: mazvēttan
v. C-fin. to create (lit. come to arrange, < maz- + verdagon.)
Valar mazvēttas luos belmossi zirȳle tolvȳs gaomoso iderennosō letis
—All men bind themselves with chains that they have created, through every deed and decision.
[133]
Īlōn pryjassis līr īlōn mazverdis.
—What destroys us, creates us.
[134]
lyks mazverdagon to bring peace
Meli Voktyssy Mīrīnī lyks mazverdagon beldis.
—The Red Priests helped bring peace to Meereen.
[9]
adj. II red, dark orange, dark brown
Mele Voktys Red Priest i.e. a cleric of the Lord of Light.
Meli Voktyssy Mīrīnī lyks mazverdagon beldis.
—The Red Priests helped bring peace to Meereen.
[9]
prop. n. 4lun. Melisandre (possibly of Asshai'i origin, but cf. mele.)
n. 3lun. pear
Ñuha muña melvo nektos.
—My mother is slicing a pear.
v. C-fin. to march. (-ēbagon formation off of unknown verb *memagon.)
Dovaogēdys! Naejot memēbātās!
—Unsullied! Forward march!
n. 6pauc.2sol. battalion (relexicalized paucal of mentys.)
n. 2sol soldier,
Dovaogēdys! Āeksia ossēnātās, menti ossēnātās!
—Unsullied! Slay the masters, slay the soldiers!
col. mentyr
Mentyri idañe jevi ivestrilātās keskydoso gaomagon.
—You shall tell your fellow soldiers to do likewise.
n. 6col.2sol. army
n. 2lun. body
Ābra mīsvoso zȳhe mēni jomīsas.
—The woman is wearing armor on her body.
prop. n. 4sol. Meraxes, one of the dragons used in Aegon's invasion of Westeros.
perfect: merbutan
v. V-fin. to be hungry
Merbun.
—I'm hungry.
[64]
num. adj. II one
adv. only, alone ( < mēre + -ī.)
Dāerves jevys tepagon yne sytilībos daor. Jemēle mērī sytilības.
—Your freedom is not mine to give. It belongs to you and you alone.
adv. once, one time ( < mēre.)
Mērī mēriot ziry vūjitan!
—I only kissed her once!
n. 1lun., or n. 6for.[136] the Ghiscari word for mother, widely used in Slaver's Bay. One of Daenerys Targarien's titles. ( < AV mysa < Ghiscari mhysa.)
  • mība ['miːba] -ys, -on, -or
adj. I short
Mirri ōdria uēpi dōrī drējī zgiēñisi, sepār hen mībājȳr udīr ānogrosa anehussi.
—Some old wounds never truly heal, and bleed again at the slightest word.
n. 3ter. pawnshop ( < mī- + jāelagon + -ion)
perfect: mijetan
v. V-fin. to lack, be without, be apart from. →inst.
Dōrior dārion udrirzi mijessis.
—There’s no country without a language.
prop. n. 6pauc.5 or 6for. Meereen
Mīrīno Dāria
—Queen of Meereen
adj. II any This word has many uses, corresponding almost exactly to those of the English equivalent any; some.
In the sense of all:
Henujagon jaelza lua vala mirre henujagon kostas.
—Any man who wishes to leave may leave.
in the sense of whatever:
Muñar aōt teptas lue brōzi, iā mirre tolie iderēbās.
—Choose the name your parents gave you, or any other.
as opposed to none:
Lo jention mirre nūmāzme ēza, iderenna qopsa verdagon issa.
—If leadership is about anything, it’s about making hard choices.
with a negative:
Jomōzussis lua vala mirros ēngoso ȳdrassigon kostilos daor.
—A man who keeps getting drunk will not be able to speak any language
[137]
In the sense of some:
Mirri ōdria uēpi dōrī drējī zgiēñisi...
—Some old wounds never truly heal...
adv. a bit, somwhat ( < mirre + -ī.)
indef.pron. somewhere/anywhere ( < mirre.)
Kesīr mirriot dēmā?
—Are you sitting anywhere here?
indef.pron. 3sol something,[138] anything? (substantive of mirre.)
Ynot mirros epās!
—Ask me something!
[57]
pauc. mirrun indef.pron. some, some people.
Mirrun mōrqitto bantiot sikiks.
—Some are born to endless night.
[139]
coll. mirror indef.pron. whatever
Ynot mirrori tepās.
—Give me whatever.
indef.pron. 2sol. Someone, anyone (< mirre + -tys)
Tolvys mirtys issa.
—Everybody is someone.
perfect: mīstan
v. C-fin.. to defend, to protect. →acc. of the thing protected [140]
n. 3lun. protector[141] ( < mīsagon + -io.)
Riñītsoti mīsio.
—Protector of little girls.
n. 3sol. armor ( < mīsagon + -vos.)
Ñuhos mīsvoso jomīsā?
—Are you wearing my armor?
n. 2sol. fool
Mittys iksā. Āeksia tolī kostōbi issi.
—You’re a fool. The masters are too strong.
n. 2lun. horn
adj. II dead
Ionos Sōnaro morghe iksos daor.
—Jon Snow isn't dead.
[142]
col. subst. morghor the dead
Bosys bantis amāzis, se morghor zijomy amāzis.
—The long night is coming, and the dead come with it.
[9]
n. 3ter. death
Morghot nēdyssy sesīr zūgusy azantys vestras.
—The knight says that even the brave men fear death.
adj. II mortal[143] (future participle of morghūljagon.)
perfect: morghūltan
v. C-fin. to die ( < morghe + -ūljagon.)
of fire to burn out
Zȳhi perzi stepagon Āeksio Ōño jorepi, se morghūltas lī qēlītsos sikagon.
—We beg the Lord to share his fire, and light a candle that has gone out.
[65]
Valar morghūlis All men must die, a common greeting.
n. 5sol. end, conclusion; loc. or adv. mōrī at the end, finally; va moriot always[5] lit. to the end.
adj. I endless[144] ( < mōris end + -oqitta.)
Mirrun mōrqitto bantiot sikiks.
—Some are born to endless night.
[139]
v. V-fin. to drink
Aōhor jūlor mōzun.
—I am drinking your milk.
n. 1lun. mother; mother's sister, maternal aunt[46].
Muño ēngos mother tongue.
Muña Zaldrīzoti.
—The Mother of Dragons.
Coll. muñar "parents."
Muñar aōt teptas lue brōzi, iā mirre tolie iderēbās.
—Choose the name your parents gave you, or any other.
v. to be miserable
He hears the Stone Men in their misery…
—mundari dorenki rybis…
n. 3ter. sorrow (mundagon + -non)
prop. n. 3aq. Myr
n. 2sol. or 2lun. deer[63]
Sȳndroso lykāpa, myrdomy aderpa, iēdrosa gīdāpa. Zūger korzose trūmȳtrī nektossis.
—Quiet as a shadow, swift as a deer, calm as still water. Fear cuts deeper than swords.

N

v. to unfasten, to unleash; to fire a siege engine ( < nā- + *bēmagon, presumably meaning to fasten, restrain.)
v. to remove ( < nā- + dīnagon)
Geltī aōhe nādīnās.
—Remove your helmet.
n. 3sol. forehead ( < naejon + -ītsos.)
n. 3ter. front, torso
Zȳhon naejon kostōbon issa; zȳhon inkon daor.
—His front is powerful, his back is not.
postp.→gen. in front of; adv. forward. (the locative or dative case of naejon.)
Dovaogēdys! Naejot memēbātās!
—Unsullied! Forward march!
n. 3sol. breast (cf. naejon.)
  • naena ['naɛ̯na] -ys, -on, -or
num. n. 1lun. a countless number, too high to count (cf. naenie).
adj. III many (cf. naena).
perfect: nagetan
v. V-fin. to sweat
Taoba nagetos daor.
—The boy did not sweat.
n. 4sol. Inequality[38]
Dobotēdāves. Nāgīdāves. Qrinuntenkāves.
—Ignorance. Inequality. Antagonism.
[39]
n. 4sol. weakness[145] (< nā- + kostōba + -ves.)
Raqnon nākostōbāves issa.
—Love is weakness.
adj. II immortal[143] ( < nā- + morghūljagon.)
n. 3sol. immortal[143] (nominalized form of nāmorghūlilare.)
n. 3sol. unbeliever ( < nā- + pāsiros subst. aor. part. of pāsagon.)
Pyryrzy napasirossa vokemilzi, va daorunta ñelli qringaomnā pōjo zālari.
—They will purify nonbelievers by the thousands, burning their sins and flesh away.
n. 2sol. unbeliever ( < nā- + pāsagon + -tys)
Belma se pōnte sētessis lȳri nāpāstyri ozzālilāt?
—Will you burn away the chains and the nonbelievers who make them?
[10]
n. 5aq. that which is easy, the basics (substantive of *nāqopsa easy < nā- + qopsa.)
n. 1aq. lake
adj. I brave ( < nēdys + -enka.)
Kostōba Nēdenkā.
—Strong and Brave.
[116]
adv. bravely ( < nēdenka + -ī.)
n. 2sol brave person (substantivized form of *nēda brave.)
Morghot nēdyssy sesīr zūgusy azantys vestras.
—The knight says that even the brave men fear death.
v. V-fin. to leak → inst. of the substance leaked, e.g. ānogrosa nehugon to bleed
Insv. anehugon to leak with impersonal subjects.
Mirri ōdria uēpi dōrī drējī zgiēñisi, sepār hen mībājȳr udīr ānogrosa anehussi.
—Some old wounds never truly heal, and bleed again at the slightest word.
n. 2lun. idol (likely a substantivied perfect participle from unattested *nekēbagon, possibly meaning to carve, compare nektogon to cut, and the English expression graven image.)
Roberti Dāri zȳhi nekēpti se Āeksiot Ōño jemagon.
—Turn King Robert away from his idols and toward the Lord of Light.
perfect: nektotan
v. V-fin. to cut, to slice.
Ābra gerpī nektotas.
—The woman cut the fruit.
perfect: nevetan
v. V-fin. to carry
Azantys taobe zenturliot nevetas.
—The knight carried the boy to the inn.
n. 1lun hell[5] (< nopon + -āzma.)
Sīkudi nopāzmi!
—Seven hells!
n. 3ter. hole, pit
prop. n. 3sol. Norvos
n. 1lun. meaning, essence, the truth of it (probably nūmo + -āzma.)
Lo jention mirre nūmāzme ēza, iderenna qopsa verdagon issa.
—If leadership is about anything, it’s about making hard choices.
Aōle rūda, nūmāzma issa.
—You quit, you mean.
n. 3lun. pearl[146] (cf. nūmo)
n. 3lun. seed (cf. nūmio)
n. 4sol. cow, female head of cattle
pers.pron. I.
refl. 1lun. myself

Ñ

n. 1lun. father's younger sister's child, cousin by paternal aunt younger than father[46].
Iōnos ñuha ñābranna issa.
—Jon is my cousin.
n. 1aq. father's younger sister, paternal aunt younger than father[46].
Rhaella aōhor ñāmar issa?
—Is Rhaella your aunt?
adj. I eastern.[147] [148]
Lo vēzos endiā sīmonus se ñāqot mazilībus.
—When the sun rises in the west and sets in the east.
[55]
n. 4sol. morning, but can also refer to the dawn.[149][150] ( < ñāqa.)
n. 2lun skin, flesh
Pyryrzy napasirossa vokemilzi, va daorunta ñelli qringaomnā pōjo zālari.
—They will purify nonbelievers by the thousands, burning their sins and flesh away.
n. 6col.2?. skin, flesh as a general substance?
va ñellyrty perzys fire made flesh
Va ñellyrty perzys zȳhyz zaldrīzesse issi, Āeksio Oño irudy.
—Her dragons are fire made flesh, a gift from the Lord of Light.
v. V-fin. to sew
n. 4lun. arm
Nykēlo syt ūndon daor luo valzȳro ñōghossi ōressiks.
—I find myself held by the arms of a husband I never expected to have.
adj. I armless ( < ñōghe + -oqitta.)
ñoghoqitta rīza
—armless lizard
[56]
n. 3ter. elbow ( < ñōghe + ybon.)
Ñuhon ñōghybon renigon daor, mittys!
—Don't touch my elbow, fool!
n. 4sol.[19] elephant[151]
  • ñuha ['ɲuha] -ys, -on, -or
poss. adj. I my
poss.pron. 3ter. mine
adv. in my way, as I wish (ins. of ñuha.)
Aōhoso ziry rijībiā, se ñuhoso ziry rijībin.
—You worship Him your way, and I'll worship Him mine.
n. 5aq. ash, ashes
Hen sȳndrorro, ōños. Hen ñuqīr, perzys. Hen morghot, glaeson.
—From darkness, light. From ashes, fire. From death, life.
[65]

O

n. 1aq. curve
v. C-fin. to bend [152]
reflexive to bend the knee ( < *ob-]] seen in obar curve + -ūljagon.)
Se morghon jāle obulilza.
—And death itself will bend the knee.
n. 3ter. surrender (< obūljagon)
Belmurtī ivestrās kesīr pōnte jiōrinna se pōjon obūljarion mazōrīnna.
—Tell the slavers I will receive them here and accept their surrender.
v. C-fin. to hurt especially of body parts, with the person in the acc.
Laehossa yne ōdris.
—My eyes hurt.
n. 4sol. pain; damage.[153] (cf. ōdragon.)
v. C-fin.? "to harm." ( < ōdres + -ikagon.)
daorys ziry ōdrikilza.
—no one will harm him.
n. 3lun. wound (from the same root as ōdres, but "different ... because it’s a specific pain, not a general sensation."[154])
Mirri ōdria uēpi dōrī drējī zgiēñisi...
—Some old wounds never truly heal...
n. 1aq.[19] hair
v. C-fin. to stab (poss. oz- + hīlagon.)
n. 3sol. dagger, knife ( < ohīlagon + -vos.)
Azantys ohīlvoso taobe idakos!
—The knight is attacking the boy with a dagger!
n. 3lun. fat
perfect: ojehittan
v. C-fin. to bless. ( < oz- + jehikagon.)
perfect: ojūdan[155]
v. C-fin. to lose[102] ( < oz- + rughagon.)
n. 3ter city
Va oktio remȳti vale jikās.
—Send a man to the city gates.
adv. a lot, profusely
Issa, olvī ziry jorrāelan.
—Yes, I love him very much.
adj. III much, many
Olvī voktī Rulloro Qelbriā ūndessun daor.
—I don’t see many priestesses of R’hllor in the Riverlands.
Olvie hen embraro tolmiot nykēlot avy ivestragon issa.
—So much news I have to give you from over the seas.
indef.pron. 6pauc.2sol much, many
Olvȳni zaldrīzī eman.
—I have many dragons.
n. 6col.3sol. powers (relex. col. of ondos.)
Kesys ondor avy sytilībus daor.
—You should not have these powers.
n. 3sol. hand. For ondor and ondoso see the respective entries.
Jentys bykyz ondossa ēza.
—The ruler has small hands.
postp.→gen. by, at the hand of, used with passive verbs to mark the agent. (Inst. of ondos.)
Valo ondoso Aerys iderēbaks.
—Aerys is selected for by the man.
v. C-fin. to grasp, to take up ( < ondos + -uragon)
Iā jemēla zȳhys perzī ondurilāt?
—Or will you take up her flames yourselves?
[10]
n. 3sol. carrot
Anne onjapossa ipradas.
—The horse is eating carrots.
n. 3sol. light
Roberti Dāri zȳhi nekēpti se Āeksiot Ōño jemagon.
—Turn King Robert away from his idols and toward the Lord of Light.
n. 1aq.[19] smoke
v. V-fin. to hold
Nykēlo syt ūndon daor luo valzȳro ñōghossi ōressiks.
—I find myself held by the arms of a husband I never expected to have.
v. C-fin. to squeeze (probably oz- + unknown verb *pȳnagon probably meaning to press .)
v. C-fin. to kill, to slay. ( < oz- + sēnagon.)
Dovaogēdys! Āeksia ossēnātās, menti ossēnātās!
—Unsullied! Slay the masters, slay the soldiers!
v. to terrify, terrorize (Etymology unknown but does not contain oz-[157], and is not primordially related to zūgagon[158].)
n. 3ter. terror ( < ossȳngagon + -non.)
Kesrio syt bantis zōbrie issa se ossȳngnoti lēdys.
—For the night is dark and full of terrors
v. to think
Skoros otāpā?
—What do you think?
n. 3aq. ram, male sheep.[26]
n. 3lun. jasmine flower.[159]
perfect: ozbartan
v. C-fin.? to brand (contains oz-.)
Hae jeme istin. Sindity se liorty, qilonty se ozbārty, qrillaetty se vaogēdy.
—I was once as you are now. Bought and sold, scourged and branded, raped and defiled.
  • ōz [oːz] on-
n. 3sol. dawn (perhaps distantly related to ōños?)[160]
Meri kīvio dārilaros ōz maghagon kostas.
—Only the prince who was promised can bring the dawn.
[9]
n. 3ter. running away ( < oz- + dakogon + -non, by way of *ozdakogon presumably to run away, to flee .)
ozdakonot dīnagon put to flight, chase away.
Sȳndrori jorrāelis lȳr ozdakonot ziry dīntis.
—Those who love the darkness chased her away.
[10]
n. 2lun. prisoner (substantivized participle of *ozgūrogon to capture < oz- + gurogon.)
Kisalbrot ozgūrotys jagon.
—Let the prisoners go to the banquet.
v. C-fin. to burn away ( < oz- + zālagon.)
Belma se pōnte sētessis lȳri nāpāstyri ozzālilāt?
—Will you burn away the chains and the nonbelievers who make them?
"[10]

P

adv. slowly ( < paez + -ī.)
Kēlia vale paerī iprattis.
—The lions ate the man slowly.
adj. II slow.[161]
v. C-fin. breathe
adv. to the right; to the side, beside
Jevys qrinuntys jemo paktot issa
—Your enemy is beside you.
n. 3lun. wrist
Riña zȳhi raqiros pālemiot ondurtas.
—The girl grabbed her friend by the wrist.
perfect: pamptan
v. C-fin. to rub
Taobo bartos ondot pamptan.
—I rubbed the boy's head with his own hand.
pron. then, at that time
Ēlī prūbrī iprattan, pār averille mōzutan.
—First I ate the apples, then I drank the wine.
n. 3ter. meat
Kēlio parklon ipradas.
—The lion is eating meat.
n. 3ter. grass
v. V-fin. to turn, to twist, to rotate
n. 1aq°.[19] crown[162] ( < pālegon + -illa.)
perfect: pāstan
v. C-fin. to trust esp. in perf., believe esp. in imperf.[163]
Kepa zȳhe tale pāsiles.
—The father believed his daughter.
adj. II faithful ( present active participle of pasābagon)
Lo Dārie se pāsābari sytiotāpia lōtirī jorrāeloty, sepār dōre vala arlī īlōn belmurilza.
—If we are steadfast in our love for the Queen and her faithful advisors, no man will ever lock us in chains again
[11]
v. C-fin. to follow someone as in "be a follower of". [164]( < pāsagon + -ēbagon?)
n. 1aq wave[165]
adj. II coming from the waves (< pelar + -ōñe)[165]
n. 3lun[19] olive
n. 3lun. snake, viper (possibly from a verb root *pel- meaning something like to wiggle, undulate, wave? Cf. pelar.)
Peldiō sȳndor.
—The viper's shadow.
[166]
v. V-fin. to wonder.
prop. n. 3sol. Pentos
n. 2sol. fire, flame;[167] zīrtys perzys[168] frozen fire, dragonglass, obsidian; perzo bē ȳgha fireproof.
Perzys Ānogār.
—Fire and Blood.
col. perzyr fire as a substance.
perfect: pikīptan
v. C-fin. to read. ( < *pikagon + -ībagon.)
Riña raqiroso pikīptas.
—The girl read with a friend.
v. C-fin. to follow. [169]
adj. III false (etymology unknown. Possibly derived from an obsolete verb *piragon to lie, but no such verb exists in the Classical language.)
n. 3sol. joke (contains -iapos; cf. pirta, pirtir.) [170]
n. 5aq. falsehood, lie (subs. of pirta.)
Kostilus jevi āeksia yno bē pirtra jemot vestretis.
—Your masters may have told you lies about me.
perfect: pilotan
v. V-fin. to hold with the hands (not the arms).
Qilōni pilos lue vale tolvie ossēnātās
—Slay every man who holds a whip!
n. 2lun. nail
pers.pron. they.
refl. 1lun. themselves
  • pōja ['poːja] -ys, -on, -or
poss. adj. I their
poss.pron. 3ter. theirs
n. 3ter bark
n. 4sol apple [171]
Korzitī prūbrī jorrāelan.
—I like the firm apples.
n. 1lun. heart.
Dārys issa vestris, se prūmio ñuho konir drējior issa.
—They say he is a king and of my heart that is true.
Ñuho prūmiā iksā.
—You are in my heart.
[172]
perfect: pryjatan
v. V-fin. to destroy, to break;[173] strike off. Perf.pass.part. pryjata "destroyed."
Urnet luo buzdaro tolvio belma pryjātās!
—Strike the chains off every slave you see!
n. 2sol. destroyer, breaker ( < pryjagon + -tys.)
Belmo Pryjatys
—Breaker of Chains
  • puatta [ˈpu͡atta] -ys, -on, -or
adj. I rotten (possibly a perfect participle)
n. 1aq°. nostril ( < pungos + -illa.)
n. 3sol. nose
Skoriot aōhys pungos ilza, ñuhus talus?
—Where is your nose, my daughter?
adj. I worn, weather beaten; of language proficiency rusty
v. C-fin. to scratch
v. C-fin. to jump; to beat (of the heart)
perfect: pȳdan
...rūso zȳhosy gōvilirose zijo syt pyghas lue prūmie.
—... with his child beneath the heart that beats for him.
v. C-fin. to spit
num. 2sol. thousand[174]
col.ins. pyryrzy by the thousands
Pyryrzy napasirossa vokemilzi, va daorunta ñelli qringaomnā pōjo zālari.
—They will purify nonbelievers by the thousands, burning their sins and flesh away.

Q

n. 3sol.[19] liver
n. 1aq. whale
Qaedar klios issa? Daor!
—Is a whale a fish? No!
  • qana [ˈqana] -ys, -on, -or
adj. I sharp
prop. n. 6for. Qarth
Konor sēter hen Qarthī issa.
—That spell is from Qarth.
v. C-fin. (irreg.) to sharpen. ( < qana + -emagon.)
perfect: qanēdan
n. 2sol. crab (perhaps < qana + -tys.)
n. 1aq. river.
prop. n. 1aq°. the Riverlands ( < qelbar + -ria.)
Olvī voktī Rulloro Qelbriā ūndessun daor.
—I don’t see many priestesses of R’hllor in the Riverlands.
adj. II that lives/comes from the river (< qelbar + -ōñe.)[175] qelbōñe kēli river otter.
adj. III yellow, golden-colored, light brown, light orange
Ondos Qeldlie
—Goldenhand
[176]
n. 3sol. candle ( < qēlos + -ītsos, lit. app. little star.)
Zȳhi perzi stepagon Āeksio Ōño jorepi, se morghūltas lī qēlītsos sikagon.
—We beg the Lord to share his fire, and light a candle that has gone out.
[65]
n. 3sol. star (original meaning may be torch: cf. qēlītsos.)
Vēzos qēlossās ñuho.
—My sun and stars.
[64]
Onqēlos Morning Star (At least as a translation for the name Danica, having the same meaning; < ōz + qēlos.)
n. 3sol. cloak (possibly the substantivized form of an unattested adjective qībōñe, cf. -ōñe)
Qībōños eman.
—I have a cloak.
perfect: qilontan
v. C-fin.? to scourge[177] (cf. qilōny whip.)
Hae jeme istin. Sindity se liorty, qilonty se ozbārty, qrillaetty se vaogēdy.
—I was once as you are now. Bought and sold, scourged and branded, raped and defiled.
Dohaeriros istin, sindita liortā, qilonta ozbartā.
—I was a slave once, bought and sold, scourged and branded.
[9]
n. 3ter punishment (substantivized participle from qilōnagon to scourge.)
Qilōnario Geron.
—Walk of Punishment.
n. 2lun. whip
Qilōni pilos lue vale tolvie ossēnātās.
—Slay every man who holds a whip.
n. 3sol. chin
n. 5aq. turtle
Ñuhor qintir jorrāelzi.
—They love my turtle.
v. V-fin. to drag
Belmondo bantāzma bōsa jemī qlādīlusy botilat?
—Will you let them drag you back into the long night of bondage?
[10]
n. 3ter. line (prob. in the military sense; see qogror below.), pl. qogra formation
Ābris, qogrossi jemēle verdātās!
—Ladies, let's get in formation!
[71]
n. 6col.3ter. ranks; class, type, gender (relexicalized collective of qogron).
Jenti jevi jemēle iderēbilātās, qogrondo jevo hēdrȳ
—You will select your own leader, from amongst your own ranks.
vēzenkon qogror.
—“solar class”.
[74]
  • Qohor ['qohor] gen. Qorho
prop. n. 3aq. Qohor
Vargo hen Qorhot issa.
—Vargo is from Qohor.
  • qopsa ['qopsa] -ys, -on, -or
adj. I hard, difficult
Lo jention mirre nūmāzme ēza, iderenna qopsa verdagon issa.
—If leadership is about anything, it’s about making hard choices.
n. 6col.3ter. Chaos.[72] (< qrin- + rholagon + -non, lit. (pejorative) mixture.)[178]
Qrīdronnor hepvos issa.
— Chaos is a ladder.
perfect: qrīdropatas
v. V-fin. to be disgraced, to take a misstep, to be destroyed, figuratively to be lost[179] (< qrin- + ropagon , lit. to misfall.)
Lo inkot ūndion, qrīdropēnna.
—If I look back, I am lost.
perfect: qrīdrūdan
v. C-fin. to give up, to abandon, to throw away, to discard, to leave behind. ( < qrin- + rughagon, with the same n-deletion rule[180] seen in bianor→biādra.)
perfect: qrilaetan
v. C-fin.? to rape (contains qrin-, cf laodagon.)
Hae jeme istin. Sindity se liorty, qilonty se ozbārty, qrillaetty se vaogēdy.
—I was once as you are now. Bought and sold, scourged and branded, raped and defiled.
perfect: qrimbrōstan
v. C-fin. to curse (lit. to name badly, < qrin- + brōzagon.)
v. V-fin. to drown[155] ( < qrin- + bughegon.)
v. C-fin. to fail, to err, to sin. ( < qrin- + gaomagon.)
perfect: qringōntan
"Skorion massitas?" "Qringōntan."
—"What happened?" "I failed."
Valar Qringaomis.
—All men must fail.
[181]
n. 3lun. evildoer ( < qringaomagon + -io.)[182]
n. 3ter. sin ( < qringaomagon + -non.)
Pyryrzy napasirossa vokemilzi, va daorunta ñelli qringaomnā pōjo zālari.
—They will purify nonbelievers by the thousands, burning their sins and flesh away.
hen pōjo qringaomnoti for their sins
Dohaerirossa hen pōjo belmondo daerēdas se hen pōjo qringaomnoti Āeksia īlinurtas.
—She has freed the slaves from their chains and crucified the Masters for their sins.
adj. I antagonistic[183]
n. 4sol. antagonism.[38]
Dobotēdāves. Nāgīdāves. Qrinuntenkāves.
—Ignorance. Inequality. Antagonism.
[39]
n. 2sol. enemy
Jevys qrinuntys jemo paktot issa
—Your enemy is beside you.
n. 4sol. male pig
  • quba [ˈquba] -ys, -on, -or
adj. I bad
qubirī]] [qu'biriː]
adv. badly, poorly ( < quba + -irī.)
Dārys azantī qubirī jemas.
—The king is leading the soldiers poorly.
  • *qubor ['qubor]
n. 1aq/3aq. speculatively bad place or thing, badness
Qubroti jās!
—Fuck off!
[184]
n. 4sol. chicken
adj. III thick
Qumblie geltī emā.
—You have a thick helmet.
adj. III terrible ( < possibly the same root as in quba + -ēgrie.)
Zȳha Valyria qupēgrie issa.
—His Valyrian is terrible
[10]
adj. I pagan; Quptenkys Ēngos The Common Tongue; ( < quptys.)
Quptenkos Ēngoso ȳdrassis?
—Do you speak the Common tongue?
n. 2sol. heathen
Quptyssy pontālī johegzi se jomōzū.
—The heathen continue to slaughter each other and you continue to get drunk
n. 3ter. table
n. 2lun. tear
n. 3aq. mother's younger brother, maternal uncle younger than mother[46].
Ñurho qȳbro anni kostōbi issi.
—My uncle's horses are powerful.
n. 1lun. mother's younger brother's child, cousin by maternal uncle younger than mother[46].
Ñuha qȳbranna sȳz annī ēza.
—My cousin has a good horse.

R

n. 4sol. scorpion
v. C-fin. to wash ( < rāena- + -ēbagon.)
perfect: rāentan
v. C-fin. to wipe, to brush
Dohaerirot ñuhe annī rāenagon sētan.
—I made the servant brush my horse.
n. 3ter. shore (probably connected to rāenagon and rāenābagon, with the idea of the land that the sea washes.)
v. C-fin. to hold (see also pilogon)
Ȳghāpī īlōn rāelza.
—He holds us safe.
v. V-fin. →inf. to take part in, to participate in, to have a hand in
Astapor dāeremagon raketan.
—I took part in freeing Astapor.
adj. I soft
perfect: rāpūltan
v. C-fin. to soften. (rāpa + -ūljagon.)
perfect: rattan[185]
v. C-fin.? to like, to love "lighter" than jorrāelagon,[186] to enjoy
Dohaeriakson raqan.
—I like to be served.
[41]
Avy jorrāelan. Avy raqan.
—I love you. I love you.
Nuiōrkī sōnari raqō daor?
—Are you enjoying winter in New York?
[187]
n. 3sol. friend (relex. aor. part. of raqagon).
Zūgagon daor, ñuhys raqiros.
—Don’t be afraid, my friend.
n. 2lun beloved[188] (nominalized aorist passive participle of raqagon.)
n. 3ter. love[145]
Raqnon nākostōbāves issa.
—Love is weakness.
v. to walk, to pass. [189]
Prūmiā līrinoso rēbās!
—Walk with a smile in your heart!
Ynot rēbagon.
—Let me pass.
n. 3sol. frog
n. 3sol. mouth
Avera ñuhȳ relgot eman.
—I have the grapes in my mouth.
n. 3lun. gate
Va oktio remȳti vale jikās.
—Send a man to the city gates.
v. V-fin. to touch with the hand.
prop. n. 6for.lun[190] Rhaegal
perfect: rhēdan
v. C-fin. to meet; to find
Riña Dovaogēdo muñe rhaenas.
—The girl finds the Unsullied's mother.
to begin.
Sūbroma tubis rhaenin.
—I begin my day with tea.
[191]
v. V-fin. to know a person, to be acquainted with (the eventative form of rhaenagon, to meet.)
Ābra kepe rhēdes lua vala raqiros issa.
—The man whose father the woman knows is a friend.
adj. I (of a material or texture) rough, coarse; by extension unpleasant[192]
v. C-fin. to mix[178]
v. C-fin. to bark (perh. onomatopoeic)
Jaohossa rhovis. Jaohossa rhovisi
—The dogs are barking. Dogs bark.
[64]
n. 4sol pigeon
Tolī rhūqo lōtinti, kostilus.
—More pigeon pie, please.
[5]
n. 4sol. honor (poss. related to rijagon)
inst. riglose with honor ued advverbially as an equivaelent to it is an honor
Riglose Belmot Pryjatys rhaenan.
—It is an honor to meet the Breaker of Chains.
[9]
perfect: riddan
v. C-fin. to praise. (cf. rijes.)
Dārys azanti rijas.
—The king praises the soldier.
[193]
n. 4sol. praise. (cf. rijagon.)
rijes aōt praise to you, poss. an expression for congratulations![194]
Rijes aōt, Papayus!
—Praise to you, Papaya!
[33]
perfect: rijiptan
v. C-fin. to worship; to praise; to obey ( < rijagon + -ībagon.)
Aōhoso ziry rijībiā, se ñuhoso ziry rijībin.
—You worship Him your way, and I'll worship Him mine.
n. 3ter. temple ( < rijībagon + -lion.)
Jehikarȳ Kinvaro iōrat, Eglio Vokto hen Rijībliot Volantīhot, Drīvo Perzo, Sylvio Ōño, Dohaeriro Ēlio Āeksio Oño syt.
—You stand in the presence of Kinvara, High Priestess of the Red Temple of Volantis, the Flame of Truth, the Light of Wisdom, the First Servant of the Lord of Light.
[45]
n. 6col.3ter. praise ( col. of *rijnon < rijagon + -non.)
Rijnondi praise (to you) poss. an expression for congratulations[195]
Rijnondi, Donis!
—Praise (to you), Don!
n. 1lun. girl, maiden; child
Gryves se Riña Litse.
—The Bear and the Maiden Fair.
qilōni pilos lue vale tolvie ossēnātās, yn riñe dōre ōdrikātās.
—slay every man who holds a whip, but harm no child.
coll. riñar children.
Lo zȳhyz zaldrīzesse Āeksiō Ōñō irudy Daenerot issi, sepār Daenerys Āeksiō irudy riñarta zȳhot issa.
—Just as her dragons are a gift from the Lord of Light to Daenerys, so then is Daenerys a gift from the Lord to her children.
[11]
n. 3sol. little child; little girl[196] (riña + -ītsos.)
  • rios ['ri͡os] gen. riho
n. 3sol canyon, valley
Zaldrīzes rihot ilza!
—There is a dragon in the valley!
n. 3lun. the pit or stone of a fruit.
n. 1lun. reptile, lizard
ñoghoqitta rīza
—armless lizard
[56]
n. 3ter. sand
n. 5aq.[19] fig.
Sparos rōbir angotas.
—Who bit the fig?
perfect: ropatas[197]
v. V-fin. to fall
Averilloma mittys ropatas.
—The drunken fool fell.
  • rōva ['roːva] , comp. rōvykta
adj. I big
Davido zaldrīzes aōhos zaldrīzose rōvyktys issa.
—David’s dragon is bigger than your dragon.
adj. III huge, enormous; great, excellent ( < rōva + -ēgrie.)
Kony rōvēgrior blēnon issa!
—That is an enormous mountain!
rōvēgrior intj. "excellent"[64]
adv. greatly, enormously ( < rōvēgrie + -ī.)
Rōvēgrī qringōntan.
—I’ve erred enormously
[198]
adj. I dull
v. C-fin. hide (oneself); hen→dat[199] from...
Kēli hen aōt ruarza.
—The cat is hiding from you.
[200]
v. V-fin. to dig
n. 2sol. hole, perhaps only one dig,man-made ( < rudigon + -tys with rhotacism)
perfect: rūdan
v. C-fin. to drop; in the reflexive to quit.
Aōle rūda, nūmāzma issa.
—You quit, you mean.
n. 3ter. flower[201]
Rūkluni ynot teptas lua vala bisy issa.
—This is the man who gave me some flowers.
prop. n. 6for[203] R'hllor, the Lord of Light (possibly from Asshai'i.)
Olvī voktī Rulloro Qelbriā ūndessun daor.
—I don’t see many priestesses of R’hllor in the Riverlands.
v. C-fin. to remember
Jelmor rūnis.
—The North remembers
[94]
Jelmor rūnas.
—The North remembers
[94]
n. 3sol. letter, note ( < rūnagon + -iapos.)
n. 3sol. baby, child.
Ȳghāpī īlōn rāelza, kesrio syt lanta iksan, rūso zȳhosy gōvilirose zijo syt pyghas lue prūmie.
—He holds us safe, for now I am two, with his child beneath the heart that beats for him.
post.→gen. between, through, across, throughout.
Jevo glaesoti rȳ buzdari istiat.
—You have been slaves all your life.
perfect: ryptan
v. C-fin. to hear.
Jeva jorepna ryptas se pōnte udlitas.
— He has heard your prayers and answered them.
v. V-fin. to listen (eventative of rȳbagon.)
adj. I healthy
exp. hello. ( < rytsa)
n. 3ter. regards, greetings (*rytsurnagon (< rytsas + -uragon) + -non)
Lannisteri rytsurna pōja jittis.
— The Lannisters send their regards.
[205]

S

num. adj. III third
perfect: istan
v. irreg. to be. 3s forms issa[206] and kessa[5] may be used to mean yes.
perfect: sētan
v. irreg. to use; to cause, to force →dat.+inf.
Dohaerirot ñuhe annī rāenagon sētan.
—I made the servant brush my horse.
n. 1aq. cloud
n. 6col.1aq. fog (col. of sambar cloud.)
conj. and
Gryves se Riña Litse.
—The Bear and the Maiden Fair.
v. C-fin. to kill. [207]
Perzys zaldrīzi sēnagon kostos daor.
—Fire cannot kill a dragon.
n. 2sol. killer, slayer ( < sēnagon + -tys.) ,[e short, perhaps typographic mistake]
conj. and especially where consecutivity is implied, and then, next; therefore ( < se + pār.)
Mirri ōdria uēpi dōrī drējī zgiēñisi, sepār hen mībājȳr udīr ānogrosa anehussi.
—Some old wounds never truly heal, and bleed again at the slightest word.
conj. just as
Elēni ñuhe jogeltigon sylutis, sepār jevon jogeltigon sylussi. Yn kostosy daor.
—They tried to silence my voice, as they try to silence yours. But they cannot.
in conditionals then...
Lo Dārie se pāsābari sytiotāpia lōtirī jorrāeloty, sepār dōre vala arlī īlōn belmurilza.
—If we are steadfast in our love for the Queen and her faithful advisors, no man will ever lock us in chains again
[11]
conj. even; and now; and so. ( < se "and" + sīr "now".)
Morghot nēdyssy sesīr zūgusy azantys vestras.
—The knight says that even the brave men fear death.
Sesīr Urnēbion Zȳhon Keliton Issa.
—And Now His Watch Is Ended.
Tubī hae kesīr sittāks, sesīr kirine iksan.
—You were born on a day like this one, and so I am happy.
v. V-fin. to make possibly, more specifically to forge (eventative of sahagon.)[208]
Belma se pōnte sētessis lȳri nāpāstyri ozzālilāt?
—Will you burn away the chains and the nonbelievers who make them?
[10]
n. 3aq. magic spell, enchantment (prob from sahagon, or perh. sētegon.)
num. adj. III seventh
perfect: siglitan
v. V-fin. to bear again ( < sikagon + -ligon.)
in the passive to be born again
Vȳs verdlios perzomy siglitaks! Dāria Zaldrīzoti!
—From the fire she was reborn to remake the world! The Dragon Queen!
perfect: sittan
v. C-fin. to give birth to, to bear (prob. sagon, or its aorist sigon, + -ikagon.)
Tubī hae kesīr sittāks, sesīr kirine iksan.
—You were born on a day like this one, and so I am happy.
to light a candle
Zȳhi perzi stepagon Āeksio Ōño jorepi, se morghūltas lī qēlītsos sikagon.
—We beg the Lord to share his fire, and light a candle that has gone out.
[65]
num. adj. I seven
num. seventy
perfect: sīmontan
v. C-fin. to rise
perfect: sindita
v. V-fin. to buy[209]
Hae jeme istin. Sindity se liorty, qilonty se ozbārty, qrillaetty se vaogēdy.
—I was once as you are now. Bought and sold, scourged and branded, raped and defiled.
Dohaeriros istin, sindita liortā, qilonta ozbartā.
—I was a slave once, bought and sold, scourged and branded.
[9]
n. 3ter. Market, marketplace ( < sindigon + -lion.)
Dārys dāriā sindiliot udekurzi.
—The king and the queen are approaching the marketplace.
adv. now
Yn dāeri vali sīr issi
—But you are free men now.
lo sīr now that
Jemēlo kaerīnnon ivīlībilāt, lo sīr Dāria Daenerys jemī ivīlībagon kesīr īlos daor?
—Will you fight for your own salvation, now that Queen Daenerys is not here to fight for you?
[10]
adv. prior, previously, before (now), beforehand (sīr + go.)
Sīrgō parklon iprattā?
—Have you eaten meat before?
num. adj. III seventieth
int.pron. adj. II which for inanimates, what
int.pron. when?
Skorī vala rōbir angotas?
—When did the man bite the fig?
conj./rel.pron. when
Skorī dēmalȳti tymptir tymis, ērinis iā morghūlis.
—When you play the game of thrones, you win or you die.
int.pron. 3ter. what esp. for places, mass nouns, and abstracts
"Skorion massitas?"
—"What happened?"
skorio syt why
int.pron. where? (loc. of skorion.)
SKORIOT ÑUHYZ ZALDRĪZESSE ISSI?![77]
—WHERE ARE MY DRAGONS?!
[210]
int.pron. 3sol. what esp. for concrete, countable items
Skoros otāpā?
—What do you think?
Skoroso jemēle brōzāt?
—What are your names?
Skoros gaomā?
—What are you doing?
[211]
skoro syt why
Skoro syt ipradā?
—Why are you eating?
int.pron. how ( < skore + -kydoso.)
Skorkydoso udlilat?
—How will you respond?
[10]
Skorkydoso glaesā? How are you?[64]
int.pron. 3ter. how many (+ genitive, usually plural) ( < skore + verdon.)
Skorverdon valoti ēdrus?
—How many men are sleeping?
"skorverdon" is followed by a 3rd person singular verb, it being considered the subject of the question modified by a genitive of content.
int.pron. why; conj. because properly used in this sense only in response to a question. (instrumental of skoros.)
n. 1lun. rudder
n. 2lun. scroll
Sōlutti gūrogon aōhe mandie sytilības.
—Your older sister should get a scroll.
n. 3ter. castle[212] ( < somby + -āzma + -ion.)
n. 2lun. shield
n. 1lun. snow. gen.col. Sōnaro Snow surname used by acknowledged bastards in The North of Westeros.
n. 6col.1lun. winter[213] (relex. col. of sōna.)
Sōnar Māzis
—Winter Is Coming
v. C-fin. to laugh
v. V-fin. to fly
v. C-fin. (irreg.) to make fly ( < sōvegon + -emagon.)
Vestriarja īlōn sōvemagon kostis.
—Stories can make us fly.
[214]
n. 3ter. butterfly ( perhaps < sōvegon.)
int.pron. adj. II which for animates
Spare vale ābra urnes?
—Which man does the woman see?
int.pron. 3ter. who esp. for mass nouns, and abstracts.
int.pron. who esp. for concrete, countable entities.
Sparos rōbir angotas.
—Who bit the fig?
sparo syt For whom? On account of whom? For whose sake?
perfect: steptan
v. Insv. C-fin. to share.
Zȳhi perzi stepagon Āeksio Ōño jorepi, se morghūltas lī qēlītsos sikagon.
—We beg the Lord to share his fire, and light a candle that has gone out.
[65]
n. 1aq. tea
Sūbroma tubis rhaenin.
—I begin my day with tea.
[191]
n. 3ter ice
Ziry kivio dārilaros issa, se zȳhon suvio perzō vāedar issa.
—He is the prince that was promised, and his is the song of ice and fire.
[32]
perfect: sylutan
v. V-fin. to try[216] (cf. sylvia.)
Elēni ñuhe jogeltigon sylutis, sepār jevon jogeltigon sylussi. Yn kostosy daor.
—They tried to silence my voice, as they try to silence yours. But they cannot.
v. V-fin. trans. to taste something[43] (eventative of sylugon).
Averille sylutetā?
—Have you tasted the wine?
n. 1lun. wisdom (cf. sylugon, the sense being experience.)
Jehikarȳ Kinvaro iōrat, Eglio Vokto hen Rijībliot Volantīhot, Drīvo Perzo, Sylvio Ōño, Dohaeriro Ēlio Āeksio Oño syt.
—You stand in the presence of Kinvara, High Priestess of the Red Temple of Volantis, the Flame of Truth, the Light of Wisdom, the First Servant of the Lord of Light.
[45]
adj. III wise
n. 1aq°. color (< sȳndor + -illa.)
Sparior sȳndrilla Rhaegal issa?
—What color is Rhaegal?
n. 3aq.[217] shadow [166]
Peldiō sȳndor.
— The viper's shadow.
Sȳndror ilis luo tegunno Mordrot.
—In the land of Mordor, where the shadows lie
[78]
sȳndror darkness
… se sȳndrori jorrāelis lȳr…
—… and those who love the darkness…
[10]
Hen sȳndrorro, ōños.
—From darkness, light.
[218]
adv. well
Sȳrī avy ūjus dohaeragon.
—May it serve you well.
prop. n. 3aq. Syrio (cf. sȳz.)
Sȳrī avy ūjus dohaeragon.
—May it serve you well.
postp.→gen. for. Skoro syt why? (prob. historically the locative or dative of an unknown or lost noun, perhaps something like *sion, or maybe something related to sȳz, with the idea of for the good of....)
rūso zȳhosy gōvilirose zijo syt pyghas lue prūmie.
—with his child beneath the heart that beats for him.
perfect: sytiderēptan
v. Obl. appl. C-fin. to chose for, select for. +acc: the person for whom the thing is selected (this applies even in the passive), +dat: the thing selected. ( < syt- + i- + derēbagon.)
Vala rōbrȳti Aeri sytiderēbza.
—The man selects figs for Aerys."
Aeri sytiderēbaks.
—Aerys is selected for.
perfect: sytilīptan
v. C-fin. to belong; to be for. (prob. < syt- + il- + -ībagon.)
n. 3lun advisor ( < syt- + iotāpagon + -io.)
Lo Dārie se pāsābari sytiotāpia lōtirī jorrāeloty, sepār dōre vala arlī īlōn belmurilza.
—If we are steadfast in our love for the Queen and her faithful advisors, no man will ever lock us in chains again
[11]
v. Obl. appl. C-fin. to fight for →acc. ( < syt- + i- + vīlībagon "to fight".)
Yne sytivīlībilāt? Hae dāero valoti?
—Will you fight for me? As free men?
  • sȳz [syːz] sȳrior
adj. II good, well-made
Kydȳptakson sȳz kesos.
—It would be good to have been measured.
[41]
Yn kesys tubis hen mirro tubiot sȳrpys issa.
—But today is as good a day as any.
[219]
Jaehossas sȳris sātās
—Gods be good!
[79]

T

prop. n. 1lun. Taena
Taena hen Mȳrot issa.
—Taena is from Myr.
n. 3sol. stick (diminutive of unattested root tāem- + -ītsos, presumably meaning something like branch.)
n. 1lun. daughter[220]
n. 1lun. boy
prop. n. 4ter.[19] Targaryen a family name.
Nyke Daenerys Jelmāzmo hen Targārio Lentrot.
—I am Daenerys Stormborn of the House Targaryen.
perfect: tetan
v. C-fin. to finish.
adj. III curved
v. V-fin. intrans. to curve, be curved.
n. 5aq. curve
n. 3ter. ground. pauc. tegun land. coll.[221] tegor lands collectively.[222]
adj. II terrestrial ( < tegon + -ōñe.)
n. 6col.3ter. land. coll. tegor lands collectively.[222] (relex. pauc. of tegon)
Sȳndror ilis luo tegunno Mordrot.
—In the land of Mordor, where the shadows lie
[78]
v. to prick, to poke
Rōvon dēmalion rōvi jenti tēmas.
—A great throne pokes a great leader.
n. 2lun. leaf.
n. 6col.2lun. book.[223] (col. of temby.)
perfect: teptan
v. C-fin. to give, used with a 1st or 2nd person subject or recipient (otherwise see irughagon.)
Kesȳ tubī jemot dāervi tepan.
—Today I give you freedom.
n. 1aq°. mercy (contains -illa, perhaps cf. tepagon) [224]
n. 2sol. teacher, instructor, mentor ( < tepagon + -tys.)
Issa, ñuhys teptys, zaldrīzesse Daeneromy ēdrusi.
—Yes, my teacher, the dragons are sleeping with Daenerys.
prop. n. 3sol(?) Thoros, a name.
n. 6col.3sol. flock of birds[225] (col. of tīkos.)
n. 3sol. feather[225]
n. 6pauc.3sol. wing[225]
Tīkuni Zōbrī, Udra Zōbriar
—Dark Wings, Dark Words
  • timpa ['timpa] -ys, -on, -or
adj. I white; light; light-colored; grey (light); pink
Bonys timpys hontes gevie issa!
—That white bird is beautiful!
n. 3ter. root
  • tista ['tista] -ys, -on, -or
adj. I dry (poss. a perf. part.)
n. 6col?.3ter? bank (prob. coll. of
Āegenkor Tistālior jāhor gūrotriri emilza.
—The Iron Bank will have its due.
[6]
adv. above; after; beyond[66]
Timpys hontes tolī ūndan.
—I saw a white bird overhead.
excessively, too, too much
Mittys iksā. Āeksia tolī kostōbi issi.
—You’re a fool. The masters are too strong.
Ñuhor qȳbor kisalbār tolī iprattas.
—My uncle ate too much at the banquet.
more[5]
Tolī rhūqo lōtinti, kostilus.
—More pigeon pie, please.
adj. III other (perh. lit. higher, cf. tolī, toliot.)
Muñar aōt teptas lue brōzi, iā mirre tolie iderēbās.
—Choose the name your parents gave you, or any other.
post.→gen. above, over; after[66]
n. 2sol. stranger, lit. the one who comes from afar ( Type I substantivised form of adjective *tolmīha < tolmio + -sīha)
n. 3lun. far side, far wall[226]
adv. far
post.→gen. across (loc. of tolmio, "far side." This is why it can be combined with hen.)
Olvie hen embraro tolmiot nykēlot avy ivestragon issa.
—So much news I have to give you from over the seas.
adj. III every
Qilōni pilos lue vale tolvie ossēnātās.
—Slay every man who holds a whip.
indef.pron. everywhere ( < tolvie.)
Dovaogēdi tolviot ilzi!
—There are Unsullied everywhere!
indef.pron. 2sol. everyone ( < tolvie.)
Tolvys morghūlis.
—Everyone must die.
indef.pron. 6pauc.2sol everything
Zokla tolvȳni iprattas!
—A wolf ate everything!
indef.pron. 2sol. someone else ( < tolie.)
Kostilus, sēter tolot tepās.
—Please give the spell to someone else.
Kirimvose daor. Toli jorrāelan.
—No thank. I love someone else.
  • tōma ['toːma] -ys, -on, -on
num. adj. I five
n. 3lun. elderberry plant ( < tōma, referring to the five-petaled blossoms.)
num. adj. III fifth
num. fifty
num. adj. III fiftieth
n. 3sol. elderberry ( < tōmo + -ītsos.)
n. 2lun. son.[227]
Tȳni Trēsi
—Second Sons
adj. I deep
adv. deeply ( < trūma + -ī.)
n. 5sol. day; kesȳ tubī, tubī[5] adv. today
Kesȳ tubī jemot dāervi tepan.
—Today I give you freedom.
Tubī daor.
—Not today.
[5]
n. 3ter. worm.[228]
perfect: tymptan
v. C-fin. to play, to frolic
Riña tymptir raqiroso tymptas.
—The girl played the game with a friend.
n. 5aq. game (substantivized perf. part. of tymagon.)
Tymptir Dēmalȳti
—A Game of Thrones
[36]
num. adj. II second; secondary.
prop. n. 3sol. Tyrosh
Tyros! Ñuhos arlies lentos!
—Tyrosh! My new home!
perfect: tȳdan
v. C-fin. to crawl, to creep
n. 3sol. serpent, snake (subst. part. of tyvagon.)

U

n. 4sol. eel
v. C-fin. to near, to approach. ( < u- + dekuragon.)
Dārys dāriā sindiliot udekurzi.
—The king and the queen are approaching the marketplace.
n. 5aq. word[229]
Tīkuni Zōbrī, Udra Zōbriar
—Dark Wings, Dark Words
May also be used, just like English word, in the sense of news:
Se vasīr dorior udir Drogo bē?
—And still no word of Drogon?
[230]
pauc. com. udrimmi used as an adjective meaning witty, clever.
Bony udrimmi taoba issa!
—That one is a clever boy!
perfect: udlitan
v. V-fin. to respond, to answer (Poss. *ud-]] seen udir + -ligon.)
May be used intransitively:
Āeksiot zȳhon vaoreznon jepin, se ziksoso udlissis.
—I ask the Lord for His favor, and He responds as He will.
or transitively:
Jeva jorepna ryptas se pōnte udlitas.
— He has heard your prayers and answered them.
n. 1lun. command ( < udr- + -āzma.)
Udrāzmī jemot maghon daor.
—I do not bring you commands.
n. 6col.5aq. language (relex. coll. of udir.)
Dōrior dārion udrirzi mijessis.
—There’s no country without a language.
Udrirzi Valyrio ȳdrā?
—Do you speak Valyrian?
[64]
v. C-fin. to vomit (could possibly be a Loc. appl. from u-, but if so the base verb is not yet attested. The long ē makes emagon highly unlikely.)
adj. I old
Nyke Daenerys Jelmāzmo hen Targārio Lentrot, hen Valyrio Uēpo ānogār iksan.
—I am Daenerys Stormborn of the House Targaryen, of the blood of Old Valyria.
  • uēs ['u͡eːs] uēh-
n. 3sol. squid
—Sȳz uēs issa., It is a good squid.
pers.pron. it, (he, she) (terrestrial, aquatic).
n. 3lun. falcon
Spare ūlio gevie issa?
—Which falcon is beautiful?.
perfect: umāstan
v. Loc. appl. V-fin. to come to, to arrive at
Ñuho kisalbrot umāzīt?
—Are you coming to my banquet?
perfect: umptan[85]
v. C-fin. to stay, to wait, to remain[231]
perfect: ūntan
v. C-fin. to count
perfect: ūndetan
v. V-fin. to see, to catch sight of, to sight; when used intransitively to look[179] , metaphorically to be x years old (eventative of urnegon.)
Olvī voktī Rulloro Qelbriā ūndessun daor.
—I don’t see many priestesses of R’hllor in the Riverlands.
Ābre kustittas lue vale ūndetan.
—I saw the man who encouraged the woman.
Tyrio kepa tōme tōmēpsā jēdari ūndas.
—Tyrion's father is fifty-five years old.
v. Loc. appl. V-fin. to cut out. ( < u- + nektogon.)
v. C-fin. to watch. ( < urnegon + -ēbagon.)
Mastas. Valar urnēbis.
—It has come. All men must watch.
[232]
n. 3ter. watch.
Sesīr Urnēbion Zȳhon Keliton Issa.
—And Now His Watch Is Ended.
perfect: ūndan
v. V-fin. to see.
v. Loc. appl. V-fin. to apologize ( < {u- + sōvegon.)

V

prep.→loc. towards, at, near; →dat. to, all the way up to.
Va oktio remȳti vale jikās.
—Send a man to the city gates.
perfect: vāettan[85]
v. C-fin. to sing
n. 1aq. song
Ziry kivio dārilaros issa, se zȳhon suvio perzō vāedar issa.
—He is the prince that was promised, and his is the song of ice and fire.
[32]
n. 1lun. man. Valar morghūlis All men must die, a common greeting. Valar dohaeris All men must serve, the response to valar morghūlis
Henujagon jaelza lua vala mirre henujagon kostas.
—Any man who wishes to leave may leave.
adj. I male.(contains -enka.)[233]
n. 1aq. younger brother[234]; younger male cousin by father's brother or mother's sister[46].
adj. II. Valyrian.
Iōnos Valyre korzī ēza.
—Jon has a Valyrian sword.
prop. n. 1lun. Valyria; the Valyrian language.
Zȳha Valyria qupēgrie issa.
—His Valyrian is terrible
[10]
Valyrio, Valyrio udrir the Valyrian language.
Valyrio muño ēngos ñuhys issa.
—Valyrian is my mother tongue.
adj. I. Valyrian. ( < Valyria + -sīha.)
n. 2lun. Valyrian, i.e. a Valyrian person, or a person from the Valyrian peninsula. (Substantivized form of Valyrīha.)
n. 2lun. Valyria, a Valyrian person.
n. 2sol. husband ( < vala + -zȳrys.)
Nykēlo syt ūndon daor luo valzȳro ñōghossi ōressiks.
—I find myself held by the arms of a husband I never expected to have.
adv. near (possibly the locative of an unknown noun, containing va-)
Vamiot raqiros eman.
—I have a friend nearby.
n. 5sol. bull, male head of cattle
perfect: vaogēdan
v. C-fin. (irreg.) to sully, to defile ( < *vaog-]] seen in vaogenka + -emagon.)
Hae jeme istin. Sindity se liorty, qilonty se ozbārty, qrillaetty se vaogēdy.
—I was once as you are now. Bought and sold, scourged and branded, raped and defiled.
adj. I dirty ( < vaog-, as in dovaogedy, + -enka.)
n. 4sol. spider. [235] (perh. related to vaogenka?)
v. Loc. appl. C-fin. to prefer, to favor →gen/dat. ( < va- + u- +
Valo luo vaoresan.
—I prefer one which is a man‘s.
n. 3ter. favor ( < vaoresagon + -non.)
Āeksiot zȳhon vaoreznon jepin, se ziksoso udlissis.
—I ask the Lord for His favor, and He responds as He will.
prop. n. 3aq. Vargo
Vargo hen Qorhot issa.
—Vargo is from Qohor.
adv. still, as yet, so far ( < va + sīr.)
Se vasīr Drogon ūndetoks daor?
—And as yet Drogon hasn’t been sighted?
[230]
  • vasrie ['vasri͡e], vajie]] ['vaji͡e] -ior
adj. III thin
n. 3sol. anger
Vēdroso, vīlīpti.
—In anger, we fought.
n. 4sol. fate, doom, including The Doom of Valyria[236](perh. akin to vēzos.)
Lodaor hēnkos vējose hae Astaprot Yunkai botilza.
—Otherwise, Yunkai will suffer the same fate as Astapor.
in the inst. vējose! intj. "By fate!"[237]
adj. III. southern ( < vēzor + -ōñe.)[93]
n. 2sol. stag, male deer.[29]
n. 1lun. father's older sister, paternal aunt older than father[46].
Dārys īlve velme majaqsa.
—The king admires our aunt.
n. 1lun. father's older sister's child, cousin by paternal aunt older than father[46].
Riña ñuhī velmannī izūgas.
—The girl fears my cousins.
perfect: vēttan
v. C-fin. to arrange; to make (a decision) (cf. verdon.)
Lo jention mirre nūmāzme ēza, iderenna qopsa verdagon issa.
—If leadership is about anything, it’s about making hard choices.
perfect: verdlitan
v. V-fin. to remake, recreate ( < verdagon + -ligon.)
Vȳs verdlios perzomy siglitaks! Dāria Zaldrīzoti!
—From the fire she was reborn to remake the world! The Dragon Queen!
n. 3ter. sum, figure, amount, number (cf. verdagon.)
Keson verdon harrenkon iksos daor.
—This amount is not appropriate.
prop. n. 3sol. Westeros
Dāria Sikudo Dārȳti Vestero
—the Queen of the Seven Kingdoms of Westeros
perfect: vestretan
v. C-fin. to say
Skoros morghot vestri?
—What do we say to death?
[238]
with impersonal subject it seems →dat. to[239]
n. 5aq[240] story (substantivized aorist passive participle of vestragon, lit. that which is (ever/habituatlly/generally) told.)
Vestriarja īlōn sōvemagon kostis.
—Stories can make us fly.
[214]
n. 5aq. proclamation, statement[241] (substantivized perfect participle of vestragon, lit. that which has been said.)
n. 5aq. a law (referring to a specific one), regulation[242] (substantivized perfect participle of verdagon, lit. what has been arranged.)
col. vēttrir the law in general.
Vēttrir vēttrir issa.
—The law is the law.
[243]
n. 3aq. south ( < vēzos.)[93]
n. 3sol. sun
Vēzos qēlossās ñuho.
—My sun and stars.
[64]
adj. I solar ( < vēzos + -enka.)
vēzenkon qogror.
—“solar class”.
[74]
perfect: vīlīptan
v. C-fin. to fight
Tolvi zijo syt vilībari morghūljosy li henkiri sigliliks.
—All those who die fighting for her shall be reborn in kind.
n. 1lun. war, battle ( < vīlībagon + -āzma.); instr. vīlībāzmosa by combat (concerning a trial)
Vīlībāzma ajomemēbza, yn aderī, mōrī, aōt māzīli se hēnkirī īlvi biarvī manaerili.
—The war rages on, but soon, when it is all over, we shall come to you and celebrate together.
prop. n. 3ter. Viserion
prop. n. 2sol. Viserys
Viserys Daenero lēkia issa.
—Viserys is Daenerys's brother.
v. C-fin. (irreg.) to purify (From a root *vok- pure, also seen in voktys, + -emagon.)
Pyryrzy napasirossa vokemilzi, va daorunta ñelli qringaomnā pōjo zālari.
—They will purify nonbelievers by the thousands, burning their sins and flesh away.
n. 2sol. priest, priestess. (From a root *vok- pure, also seen in vokemagon, + -tys.)
Voktys Eglie aōt gaomilaksir teptas.
—The High Priest gave you a mission.
adj. I. Volantene. ( < Volantis + -sīha.)
Jehikarȳ Kinvaro iōrat, Eglio Vokto hen Rijībliot Volantīhot, Drīvo Perzo, Sylvio Ōño, Dohaeriro Ēlio Āeksio Oño syt.
—You stand in the presence of Kinvara, High Priestess of the Red Temple of Volantis, the Flame of Truth, the Light of Wisdom, the First Servant of the Lord of Light.
[45]
prop. n. 5sol. Volantis
Sȳrior averilla Volantī ilza.
—There is good wine in Volantis.
n. 4sol. raven
Vōljesse ēdrusi.
—The ravens are sleeping.
num. adj. III ninth.
num. adj. II nine.
num. ninety.
num. adj. III ninetieth.
perfect: vūjitan
v. V-fin. to kiss
Perzo Vūjita
—Kissed by Fire
Vala abre vūjitas. Vale abra vūjitas.
—The man kissed the woman. The woman kissed the man.
[64]
n. 2lun. room (possibly the substantivized passive aorist participle of u- + umbagon, lit. "that which one usually stays in")
Drīvose ñuhā vumbiarzȳ ēdrun.
—Actually, I am sleeping in my room.
n. 3sol? world
Vȳs verdlios perzomy siglitaks! Dāria Zaldrīzoti!
—From the fire she was reborn to remake the world! The Dragon Queen!

Y

n. 3ter. knee
perfect: ȳdratan
v. Obl. appl. V-fin. to speak, to speak to →acc. ( < i- + udir.)
Brandon vōlī ȳdragon kostas.
—Bran can speak to ravens.
of languages, →inst.
Quptenkos Ēngoso ȳdrassis?
—Do you speak the Common tongue?
Udrirzi Valyrio ȳdrā?
—Do you speak Valyrian?
[64]
adj. I safe
Ȳghāpī īlōn rāelza
—He holds us safe
perzo bē ȳgha fireproof (lit. safe on fire)
v. V-fin. to smell
Sȳrior havon ykynan.
—I smell good bread.
conj. but.
qilōni pilos lue vale tolvie ossēnātās, yn riñe dōre ōdrikātās.
—slay every man who holds a whip, but harm no child.
adj. I narrow
n. 3sol. neck
Sparo gevie yrgos kony issa?
—Whose beautiful neck is that?
n. 3sol. art

Z

n. 4sol. crystal
perfect: zaltan?
v. C-fin. to burn. va daorunta zālagon to burn away, to burn to nothing
Pyryrzy napasirossa vokemilzi, va daorunta ñelli qringaomnā pōjo zālari.
—They will purify nonbelievers by the thousands, burning their sins and flesh away.
adj. invar.' indestructible, invincible (idiomatic use of the commitative of zaldrīzer, lit. "with all the dragons")
Taoba zaldrīzerme jenti majaqsa.
—The boy admires the indestructible leader.
prop. n. 3ter. Dragonstone. ( < shortening from Zaldrīzo dōron)[244]
n. 4sol. dragon. ( < zālagon + rīza.)
Zaldrīzes buzdari iksos daor.
—A dragon is not a slave.
zaldrīzo ānogar
—Blood of the dragon
[245]
adv. yesterday
Zān hen Lyvot ābre ūndan.
—Yesterday I saw a woman from Lys.
n. 3ter. inn, hotel (possibly from zentys + -uragon + -lion, cf. laehurlion)
Dāria arlȳro zenturliot ēdrus.
—The queen is sleeping at a new hotel.
n. 2sol. guest
Bisi vali īlvyz zentyssy issi.
—These men are our guests.
adv. in his way, as he wishes (unknown; cf. ñyhoso & aōhoso for which corresponding form should be *zȳhoso.)
Āeksiot zȳhon vaoreznon jepin, se ziksoso udlissis.
—I ask the Lord for His favor, and He responds as He will.
perfect: zīrtan
v. C-fin. to freeze;
pers.pron. he, she, (it) (solar & lunar).
refl. 1lun. himself, herself, itself
adj. III dark; black; dark-colored; grey (dark); purple
Tīkuni Zōbrī, Udra Zōbriar
—Dark Wings, Dark Words
n. 1lun. wolf
Zokla kēlio kostōbirī angotas.
—The wolf bit mightily into the lion.
v. V-fin. to entice, entreat somebody→loc. (apparently < zokla with some sort of suffix, perhaps a variant of -ikagon.)
Iōnot zoklākō?
—Are you enticing Jon?
n. 3sol. little wolf ( < zokla + -ītsos.)
perfect: zūgdan
v. C-fin. to be afraid, to fear →dat.
Morghot nēdyssy sesīr zūgusy azantys vestras.
—The knight says that even the brave men fear death.
n. perh. 4sol. or 6col. fear[63]
Sȳndroso lykāpa, myrdomy aderpa, iēdrosa gīdāpa. Zūger korzose trūmȳtrī nektossis.
—Quiet as a shadow, swift as a deer, calm as still water. Fear cuts deeper than swords.
  • zȳha ['zyːha] -ys, -on, -or
poss. adj. I his, her, its.
poss.pron. 3ter. his, hers, (its).
Zȳhon suvio perzō vāedar issa.
—His is the song of ice and fire.
[32]

Abbreviations

adj. adjective
adv. adverb
aq. or ≈ aquatic
conj. conjunction
dem. demonstrative
exp. expression
intj. interjection
lun. or ☾ lunar
n. noun
num. numeral
postp. postposition
pron. pronoun
prep. preposition
sol. or ☉ solar
ter. or ♁ terrestrial
v. verb
C-fin. consonant-final
V-fin. vowel-final
→acc. triggers accusative
→gen. triggers genitive
→dat. triggers dative
→inst. triggers instrumental
→loc. triggers locative
° unexpected gender

Further Information

For information on conjugation, declension, etc. see the pages below.

High Valyrian Verb Conjugation

High Valyrian Verb Tables

High Valyrian Noun Declensions

High Valyrian Adjectives

High Valyrian Pronouns

For words listed according to subject matter, see

Non-Canonical Content

For a list of words devised by learners, see High Valyrian Non-Canonical Vocabulary

Notes

  1. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/52258261806/thank-you-for-the-castithian-my-friend-and-i-just
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/338005118010130432, https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/347619785397370880
  3. ↑ https://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/174603720876/suppose-i-were-discussing-a-d%C4%81rilaros-a-voktys
  4. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/92768950255/hello-i-was-just-wondering-if-like-in-a-previous-post
  5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 http://www.makinggameofthrones.com/production-diary/2014/5/8/high-valyrian-101-learn-and-pronounce-common-phrases
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 http://www.dothraki.com/2014/06/rinar/#comment-38103
  7. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/92768950255/hello-i-was-just-wondering-if-like-in-a-previous-post
  8. ↑ https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/474704833518116864
  9. ↑ 9.00 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 9.14 9.15 https://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/163414677489/valyrian-dialogue-episode-702-of-game-of-thrones
  10. ↑ 10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 10.14 10.15 10.16 10.17 10.18 10.19 10.20 10.21 10.22 10.23 10.24 http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/143383597638/valyrian-and-dothraki-dialogue-episode-601-of
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/145864394290/valyrian-dialogue-episode-608-of-game-of-thrones, vowel quantities reconstructed.
  12. ↑ Form reconstructed from perfect angotas. May be incorrect.
  13. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/92671165154/hi-mr-peterson-i-admire-what-you-did-for-game-of
  14. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/118300113747/hi-i-was-wondering-how-you-would-say-blood-of
  15. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/145212291778/hi-my-name-is-jadie-i-was-wondering-if-you-could
  16. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/88694557124/love-your-work-in-game-of-thrones-i-was-wondering-if#comment-1434792964
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/119626846322/ive-been-looking-around-the-hv-wiki-pages-and-the
  18. ↑ http://www.dothraki.com/2013/05/gryves-se-rina-litse/#comment-2143
  19. ↑ 19.00 19.01 19.02 19.03 19.04 19.05 19.06 19.07 19.08 19.09 19.10 19.11 Gender confirmed
  20. ↑ https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/451498834666221568
  21. ↑ https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/451761993121161216
  22. ↑ http://www.dothraki.com/2015/01/asshekhqoyi-anni-save-save-save/#comment-85570
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/69709127260/hi-huge-fan-of-your-work-on-thrones-really-brougt-the
  24. ↑ Lexical form, gender, gloss: https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/348732679384076288; etymology: https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/348858959114948609
  25. ↑ https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/438934775563157505
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 http://www.dothraki.com/2014/02/relative-clauses-in-high-valyrian/#comment-7846
  27. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/78803739713/hi-david-a-friend-of-mine-wants-to-get-all-men-must
  28. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/ask#comment-1674963176
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 http://www.dothraki.com/2014/02/relative-clauses-in-high-valyrian/#comment-7851
  30. ↑ https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/335166657926410240
  31. ↑ https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/509053010991788032
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 32.4 http://www.dothraki.com/2013/07/vaes-dothrak-vimithreri/#comment-5004
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 http://www.dothraki.com/2015/02/we-have-a-new-winner/
  34. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/94646713173/how-do-you-say-to-rain-in-hv-is-it-daomio-ropagon
  35. ↑ Peterson, David (2015). The Art of Language Invention : from Horse-Lords to Dark Elves, the words behind world-building. New York, New York: Penguin Books. p. 108.
    ISBN 978-0-14-312646-1
    .     , revealed before release at https://twitter.com/GretchenAMcC/status/635850295130595328?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 http://www.whosay.com/articles/1559-how-do-you-say-game-of-thrones-in-high-valyrian
  37. ↑ https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/424640427719786497
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/130164397557/i-saw-your-high-valyrian-translation-of-reform
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2015/09/how-would-donald-trump-sound-dothraki
  40. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/93606199925/whats-all-women-must-die-in-high-valyrian-wink
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 41.4 http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/91382440334/is-there-such-a-thing-as-a-passive-infinitive-in-high#permalink-notes
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 http://www.dothraki.com/2014/06/rinar/#comment-46878
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 http://www.dothraki.com/2015/01/asshekhqoyi-anni-save-save-save/#comment-84258
  44. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/144113158257/hi-mr-peterson-thanks-for-translating-but-we
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.3 45.4 http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/144812959909/valyrian-dialogue-episode-605-of-game-of-thrones
  46. ↑ 46.00 46.01 46.02 46.03 46.04 46.05 46.06 46.07 46.08 46.09 46.10 46.11 46.12 46.13 46.14 46.15 https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/809562861118754816
  47. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/91682702722/valar-morghulis-i-need-some-help-in-translating-a
  48. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/91661010691/hi-mr-peterson-i-have-a-friend-who-wants-to-know-how
  49. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/119452523036/any-chance-youre-allowed-to-provide-a-transcript
  50. ↑ https://www.facebook.com/eleni.mandell.1/posts/10153866837815220
  51. ↑ https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/452973907188793344
  52. ↑ The word for “sea” in High Valyrian is embar (or, more figurately, embrar) —DJP
  53. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/94386491674/how-do-you-say-otter-in-high-valyrian
  54. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/95122949762/hi-i-am-a-really-big-fan-of-your-work-especially-with
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 55.2 http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/95122949762/hi-i-am-a-really-big-fan-of-your-work-especially
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 56.2 http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/121691127784/hey-i-recently-got-a-pet-snake-and-wanted-a-name
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/508612.David_J_Peterson (Not clear if mirros should be translated "something," or "anything," but the former seems more appropriate for a Type 1 substantive.
  58. ↑ http://www.dothraki.com/2015/01/asshekhqoyi-anni-save-save-save/#comment-85299
  59. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/53805143580/hi-david-im-a-huge-fan-of-your-work-d-i-have-a
  60. ↑ Meaning is approximately "may your path be straight."
  61. ↑ http://www.dothraki.com/2015/01/asshekhqoyi-anni-save-save-save/#comment-85573
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 http://www.dothraki.com/2015/01/asshekhqoyi-anni-save-save-save/
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 63.2 63.3 http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/134348169425/hi-there-im-sprekenze-dick-from-the-question
  64. ↑ 64.00 64.01 64.02 64.03 64.04 64.05 64.06 64.07 64.08 64.09 64.10 64.11 64.12 64.13 64.14 Peterson, David (2015). The Art of Language Invention : from Horse-Lords to Dark Elves, the words behind world-building. New York, New York: Penguin Books.
    ISBN 978-0-14-312646-1
    .     
  65. ↑ 65.0 65.1 65.2 65.3 65.4 65.5 65.6 http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/143745488442/high-valyrian-dialogue-episode-602-of-game-of#comment-2658413687
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 66.2 http://www.dothraki.com/2014/01/elat-kathivezhofari/
  67. ↑ https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/576521593104543744 http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/113644671562/could-you-tell-us-wheel-so-that-we-can-do-im
  68. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/146907290806/how-would-i-say-all-men-must-learn-in-high
  69. ↑ https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/889350967266648064
  70. ↑ http://www.dothraki.com/2013/04/sesir-urnebion-zȳhon-keliton-issa/#comment-1265, http://www.vulture.com/2013/04/game-of-thrones-dothraki-language-inventor.html
  71. ↑ 71.0 71.1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S09FAz70qKg&feature=youtu.be&t=18
  72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/96486949844/i-was-just-recommended-your-blog-and-wow
  73. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/91890097707/i-want-her-collar-to-have-inscribed-in-it-in-high
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 74.2 The names for the solar and lunar genders were long thought to be vēzenkor qogror and hūrenkor qogror, due to this comment, but DJP has since clarified that that was in error, and that qogror is indeed terrestrial, precisely as one would expect. As this error has persisted uncorrected for two years, it has already been propagated to any discussions of HV on the internet. If you are in a position to do so, please correct any references you may find to ˣvēzenkor qogror or ˣhūrenkor qogror to vēzenkon and hūrenkon respectively.
  75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/97662740892/hey-hey-hi-i-was-wondering-if-you-could-tell-me
  76. ↑ http://www.dothraki.com/2011/09/the-header-script/#comment-93965
  77. ↑ 77.0 77.1 Generally, when it comes to "being" in a certain place, ilagon must be used. In some contexts sagon may also be used, but the rule is not yet clear. We know that "Who is at the Inn at the Crossroads?" must be Sparos Īliliot Zenturliot ilza? ( ˣissa is not permitted here), but "Where are my dragons?" may be either Skoriot Skoriot ñuhyz zaldrīzesse issi? or Skoriot Skoriot ñuhyz zaldrīzesse ilzi?
  78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 78.2 http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/121116158163/can-you-translate-in-the-land-of-mordor-where
  79. ↑ 79.0 79.1 79.2 http://geekyconblr.tumblr.com/post/116039992144/this-might-be-the-coolest-special-guest
  80. ↑ 80.0 80.1 80.2 80.3 http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/121683073283/were-the-pit-fighters-saying-a-high-valyrian
  81. ↑ https://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/178052221270/i-cant-remember-if-ive-done-this-before
  82. ↑ 82.0 82.1 http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/88003383998/hmm-would-it-be-too-much-to-ask-what-let-it-go-or
  83. ↑ DJP is somewhat uneasy with this form, though he concedes it is valid:
    "As for sr > j, yes, you could list those as in free variation, though for myself, I’d be hesitant to do ioje. I like iosre better. But that doesn’t mean ioje isn’t acceptable by any means."
    —Email 3-29-15
  84. ↑ https://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/178985951281/how-would-autumn-is-here-be-in-high-valyrian
  85. ↑ 85.0 85.1 85.2 http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/107545400399/what-are-the-perfect-stems-of-umbagon-vaedagon
  86. ↑ DJP originally said this was not the applicative i-, or at least not so analyzed in Classical High Valyrian: https://www.facebook.com/Dedalvs/posts/10152824337550207?comment_id=40431635&offset=0&total_comments=7. However, in later conversation he revealed that it actually is an applicatve in origin.
  87. ↑ https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/337310280780496896 et seq.
  88. ↑ 88.0 88.1 88.2 http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/53797550110/does-hv-have-words-for-seasons-also-in-the-word
  89. ↑ https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/474603184929783809
  90. ↑ https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/352348019221471233
  91. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/130206304747/hi-david-i-was-wondering-is-there-a-word-for
  92. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/84737612397/hi-ever-since-i-was-a-kid-i-wondered-if-it-was
  93. ↑ 93.0 93.1 93.2 93.3 http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/139864549891/do-you-have-a-word-for-north-and-south-in-high
  94. ↑ 94.0 94.1 94.2 https://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/163539415911/ive-been-trying-to-find-how-to-write-the-north
  95. ↑ https://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/163644629008/hey-david-i-was-wondering-what-is-the-valyrian
  96. ↑ 96.0 96.1 http://www.dothraki.com/2013/05/gryves-se-rina-litse/#comment-2096
  97. ↑ 97.0 97.1 97.2 http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/107610313810/jolloragon-is-to-study-so-what-does-loragon
  98. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/107328192595/hi-david-lori-from-vegas-id-love-to-tattoo
  99. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/143383597638/valyrian-and-dothraki-dialogue-episode-601-of#comment-2644399467
  100. ↑ http://www.dothraki.com/2015/01/asshekhqoyi-anni-save-save-save/#comment-83146
  101. ↑ https://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/178052221270/i-cant-remember-if-ive-done-this-before
  102. ↑ 102.0 102.1 http://www.dothraki.com/2015/01/asshekhqoyi-anni-save-save-save/#comment-85092
  103. ↑ https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/373713198580371456
  104. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/120048022336/hi-in-hv-keli-is-word-for-cat-and-itsos-is
  105. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/145312330018/how-would-you-say-happy-fathers-day-in-either
  106. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/92757921503/hey-dave-big-fan-of-your-got-works-and-from-what
  107. ↑ https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/465550610108923904
  108. ↑ http://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/1chmc4/eseneziri_im_david_peterson_the_creator_of_the/c9glye7
  109. ↑ http://www.dothraki.com/2014/01/the-treasure-of-the-wastes/#comment-7464
  110. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/92671165154/hi-mr-peterson-i-admire-what-you-did-for-game-of
  111. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/126022622650/in-a-dance-with-dragons-the-tattered-prince-says
  112. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/89727687332/you-have-such-a-fantastic-blog-perfect-dose-of
  113. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/146715030979/would-a-feast-for-crows-be-l%C4%81roti-syt
  114. ↑ http://aquestforquintessence.tumblr.com/post/121356065817
  115. ↑ 115.0 115.1 http://www.whosay.com/articles/1568-how-do-you-say-steel-steal-in-high-valyrian
  116. ↑ 116.0 116.1 http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/88325977566/hello-im-getting-a-tattoo-pretty-soon-with-the-text
  117. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/147010602198/is-ky-vanon-plan-strategy-related-to-cyvasse
  118. ↑ 118.0 118.1 http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/121289233637/how-you-say-faceless-men-in-valyrian
  119. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/121414275532/lara
  120. ↑ http://www.dothraki.com/2013/06/some-more-high-valyrian-inflection/#comment-2161
  121. ↑ https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/588610106226384896
  122. ↑ https://twitter.com/GretchenAMcC/status/635845315715796993
  123. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/52129761918/saw-this-in-a-reddit-comment-section-and-htought-it
  124. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8vARzbGWV5E
  125. ↑ http://www.dothraki.com/2014/01/asshekhqoyi-anni-save-save/#comment-7298
  126. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/146620227802/hi-quick-question-how-do-you-say-peace-in-high
  127. ↑ DJP discusses origin at http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/120754560057/ajellyinthemix-replied-to-your-post-you
  128. ↑ Template:Quote box Martin, George R.R. (1996). A Game of Thrones. Bantam Dell. p. 667.
    ISBN 978-0-553-38679-0
    .     
  129. ↑ 129.0 129.1 http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/78803739713/hi-david-a-friend-of-mine-wants-to-get-all-men-must
  130. ↑ twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/489225828203384833
  131. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/94582504901/how-do-you-say-bat-in-hv
  132. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/95122949762/hi-i-am-a-really-big-fan-of-your-work-especially-with
  133. ↑ http://www.dothraki.com/2014/06/rinar/#comment-46875
  134. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/114140801248/hey-i-am-getting-a-tattoo-soon-and-ai-would-like
  135. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/93815665904/i-took-a-look-at-the-high-valyrian-orthography-and
  136. ↑ "I suppose it really depends on how the speaker is feeling. You could certainly drop it straight into the lunar declension I paradigm (same as vala). You could also just strip the final -a in everything but the nominative singular and put it into the paradigm for borrowings. It’s a foreign word, so you never know." —DJP
  137. ↑ This sentence is unusual in that it was composed by Iustinus rather than DJP. However, DJP did correct this sentence, and confirm that the use of mirros in this sense was valid. As it is our only example (so far) of that usage, it seemed valid to cite it here.
  138. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/126038417371/hiya-could-you-translate-something-into-valyrian
  139. ↑ 139.0 139.1 https://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/158828229020/hi-david-would-some-are-born-to-endless-night
  140. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/92747480573/hi-could-you-translate-my-name-to-high-valyrian-it-is#_=_
  141. ↑ http://tmblr.co/ZCfvzu1Ti9KAA
  142. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/122447211945/how-do-you-say-jon-snow-isnt-dead-in-valyrian
  143. ↑ 143.0 143.1 143.2 http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/51979081366/i-must-say-i-love-your-work-is-there-a-translation
  144. ↑ https://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/158828229020/hi-david-would-some-are-born-to-endless-night
  145. ↑ 145.0 145.1 http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/109247050112/how-to-say-love-is-weakness-in-high-valyrian
  146. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/54359640759/seeing-your-name-ask-just-a-few-ago-makes-me-curious
  147. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/95122949762/hi-i-am-a-really-big-fan-of-your-work-especially-with
  148. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/103850253334/how-do-you-say-east-in-hv-it-begins-with-naqo
  149. ↑ http://www.dothraki.com/2016/02/silent-crows/#comment-122984
  150. ↑ https://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/178703016578/hv-in-the-dothraki-wiki-both-%C5%8Dz-and-%C3%B1%C4%81qes-are
  151. ↑ https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/400882778138349568
  152. ↑ https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/491113189849853953
  153. ↑ https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/349242524906438656
  154. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/82008642642/hey-im-a-huge-fan-of-the-work-you-do-on-game-of
  155. ↑ 155.0 155.1 http://www.dothraki.com/2015/01/asshekhqoyi-anni-save-save-save/#comment-85745
  156. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/69709127260/hi-huge-fan-of-your-work-on-thrones-really-brougt-the#disqus_thread
  157. ↑ http://www.dothraki.com/2015/02/we-have-a-new-winner/#comment-85806
  158. ↑
    Christian Thalmann: Hmmm, could sȳngagon "to scare" be primordially related to zūgagon "to fear", like ȳdragon "to speak" and udir "word" might be?
    David J. Peterson: I suppose it could, but in this case it is not: it's primordially related to something else.
  159. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/94656655691/hi-i-absolutely-love-the-languages-you-created-for
  160. ↑ DJP does not think he created this similarity intentionally, but you never know.
  161. ↑ https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/607413757350809600
  162. ↑ http://www.dothraki.com/2015/01/asshekhqoyi-anni-save-save-save/#comment-85525
  163. ↑ http://www.unstuckbooks.org/1/post/2014/01/the-language-experiment-an-interview-with-david-j-peterson.html
  164. ↑ https://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/171973372300/hi-im-looking-at-high-valyrian-as-part-of-my
  165. ↑ 165.0 165.1 http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/52747943689/hi-im-a-big-fan-of-your-work-on-game-of-thrones-and
  166. ↑ 166.0 166.1 http://tmblr.co/ZCfvzu1QuCNSU
  167. ↑ http://www.dothraki.com/2013/04/sesir-urnebion-zȳhon-keliton-issa/#comment-1178, http://www.dothraki.com/2014/02/relative-clauses-in-high-valyrian/#comment-7846
  168. ↑ 168.0 168.1 http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/85073783014/whats-the-high-valyrian-word-for-dragonglass-obsidian
  169. ↑ https://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/171973372300/hi-im-looking-at-high-valyrian-as-part-of-my
  170. ↑ https://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/145864394290/valyrian-dialogue-episode-608-of-game-of-thrones
  171. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/94376285120/how-do-you-say-apple-in-hv-is-it-lunar-like-gerpa#_=_
  172. ↑ https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/343078908415066112
  173. ↑ http://www.dothraki.com/2013/06/some-more-high-valyrian-inflection/#comment-2035
  174. ↑ https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/425106456510074880
  175. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/94386491674/how-do-you-say-otter-in-high-valyrian
  176. ↑ https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/474698086950793217
  177. ↑ Form presumed based on qilonty and qilonārion.
  178. ↑ 178.0 178.1 http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/96907499002/you-just-said-qridronnor-is-the-hv-word-for-chaos
  179. ↑ 179.0 179.1 https://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/178052221270/i-cant-remember-if-ive-done-this-before
  180. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/94740862654/you-said-bianor-biadra-was-subject-to-the
  181. ↑ http://www.dothraki.com/2013/06/some-more-high-valyrian-inflection/#comment-2079
  182. ↑ http://ic.pics.livejournal.com/jdm314/492753/3125/3125_300.png
  183. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/100781485428/hello-mr-peterson-first-of-all-congratulations
  184. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwEPxemXikw
  185. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/93634645640/whats-the-past-tense-of-raqagon-raqtan-rattan
  186. ↑ http://www.dothraki.com/2014/02/relative-clauses-in-high-valyrian/#comment-7667
  187. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/137111885757/ahhhhhhh-i-havent-been-on-tumblr-in-a-few-days | New Yorkī was changed to Nuiōrkī to stay true to the High valyrian spelling and alphabet.
  188. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/60283121214/hey-there-im-a-big-fan-of-your-works-i-was-wondering
  189. ↑ http://www.dothraki.com/2015/06/valahd/#comment-100401
  190. ↑ http://www.dothraki.com/2013/07/valyrian-adjectives/#comment-2171
  191. ↑ 191.0 191.1 http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/103841342123/hi-i-wanted-to-translate-i-begin-my-day-with
  192. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/134341895420/lexember-2015
  193. ↑ https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/359200104382607360
  194. ↑ But this is not "set in stone": http://www.dothraki.com/2015/02/we-have-a-new-winner/#comment-85851
  195. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/119387023579/sorry-about-that-how-do-you-say-congratulations
  196. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/60283121214/hey-there-im-a-big-fan-of-your-works-i-was-wondering
  197. ↑ http://www.dothraki.com/2014/01/asshekhqoyi-anni-save-save/#comment-7331
  198. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/65717684734/hey-there-david-i-was-wondering-how-would-one-say#disqus_thread
  199. ↑ https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/603437916082335744
  200. ↑ http://www.whosay.com/status/davidjpeterson/1107697, https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/603293497588916224
  201. ↑ https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/386360871313629184
  202. ↑ It is possible that this should actually be Rullōr]] [rul'loːr]: "I just kept an irregular stress pattern, since it’s a borrowing. That said, it’s not as if the rules are hard and fast for how a borrowed word should be rendered. It very well could come out as Rullōr. That wouldn’t explain its nominative stress pattern (word-final), but it would explain the rest of the paradigm." —DJP
  203. ↑ It may be assumed this name follows the "foreign" declension, given that it is clearly a borrowing, and has irregular stress. But the only oblique case we've encountered is gen. Rullóro, which could indicate any declension class at all.
  204. ↑ For the citation form rūs, see http://www.dothraki.com/2013/06/mhysa/#comment-1926
  205. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kIDtjMe3y8&feature=youtu.be&t=51
  206. ↑ Peterson, David (2015). The Art of Language Invention : from Horse-Lords to Dark Elves, the words behind world-building. New York, New York: Penguin Books. p. 270.
    ISBN 978-0-14-312646-1
    .     
  207. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/85369375334/grey-worm-says-kill-the-masters-in-valyrian-in-a (presumably the short e is a typo), http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/118731657289/how-would-you-say-fire-cannot-kill-a-dragon-in
  208. ↑ Interpretation proposed by https://twitter.com/JuanPaez97/status/727006745315278848
  209. ↑ http://www.dothraki.com/2013/05/tȳni-tresi/#comment-1764
  210. ↑ https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/357282200112218115
  211. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/91693984920/rytsas-how-do-you-say-what-are-you-doing-in
  212. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/112862909962/thatsvalyrious-thank-you-mario-but-our-heir-to#comment-1891392739
  213. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/48918159946/hi-i-know-youre-busy-but-can-i-ask-you-something
  214. ↑ 214.0 214.1 http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/118971485709/hi-i-was-wondering-how-you-would-say-stories-can
  215. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/110910885973/how-do-you-say-tea-in-hv-is-it-subar-or
  216. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/110291243121/what-does-sylugon-mean-sylutegon-hv
  217. ↑ Formerly thought to be 6col., per http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/97579530014/how-do-you-say-the-vipers-shadow-in-hv-and#comment-1841093921. Now known to be 3aq.: http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/121116158163/can-you-translate-in-the-land-of-mordor-where#comment-2070602424
  218. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/143745488442/high-valyrian-dialogue-episode-602-of-game-of
  219. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/118392872372/text-asshekh-ray-jad-its-use-your-mother
  220. ↑ https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/335160470984069120, http://www.dothraki.com/2013/05/tȳni-tresi/
  221. ↑ But this has been cast into doubt by http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/94365589689/how-do-i-say-i-am-trent-of-the-land-in-high
  222. ↑ 222.0 222.1
    Tegun is actually "land" (paucal, terrestrial). Tegor would work if you need to say "lands" collective (e.g. "These are my various lands").
    —DJP, email, 2-9-2014.
  223. ↑ http://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/1chmc4/eseneziri_im_david_peterson_the_creator_of_the/c9glye7, http://www.dothraki.com/2013/08/valyrian-numerals
  224. ↑ https://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/180186565268/hi-david-whats-the-high-valyrian-word-for#notes
  225. ↑ 225.0 225.1 225.2 http://www.dothraki.com/2013/06/some-more-high-valyrian-inflection/#comment-2126
  226. ↑ http://www.dothraki.com/2016/01/asshekhqoyi-vezhvenagain/#comment-117032
  227. ↑ https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/335164222797398016, http://www.dothraki.com/2013/05/tȳni-tresi/
  228. ↑ https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/335156670466490368
  229. ↑ Lexical form: https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/349242524906438656
  230. ↑ 230.0 230.1 http://www.dothraki.com/2014/06/rinar/#comment-35391
  231. ↑ https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/421794510801096704
  232. ↑ https://twitter.com/dedalvs/status/318527719803600896
  233. ↑ https://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/174603720876/suppose-i-were-discussing-a-d%C4%81rilaros-a-voktys
  234. ↑ http://www.dothraki.com/2013/04/sesir-urnebion-z%C8%B3hon-keliton-issa/#comment-1255
  235. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/106751117720/how-do-you-say-spider-and-spiderweb-in-hv
  236. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/96562098256/do-you-have-a-word-as-mentioned-in-the-books-in-high
  237. ↑ http://www.dothraki.com/2015/01/asshekhqoyi-anni-save-save-save/#comment-84261
  238. ↑ http://www.makinggameofthrones.com/production-diary/2014/5/8/high-valyrian-101-learn-and-pronounce-common-phrases
  239. ↑ http://www.dothraki.com/2015/01/asshekhqoyi-anni-save-save-save/#comment-84262
  240. ↑ On the declension, see http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/118971485709/hi-i-was-wondering-how-you-would-say-stories-can#disqus_thread
  241. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/69007223679/how-would-you-say-primary-and-secondary-in-valyrian
  242. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/120130992540/you-wrote-vettrir-is-the-word-for-the-law-its
  243. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/117187344410/hey-david-could-you-explain-how-vettri-vettri
  244. ↑ https://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/174578518778/how-could-one-translate-dragonstone-in-high
  245. ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/118300113747/hi-i-was-wondering-how-you-would-say-blood-of

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