Noalath Grammar

From The Languages of David J. Peterson
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Noalath Language Navigation: Home, Phonology, Grammar, Vocabulary, Dialogue

Nouns

Nouns decline for number. Most nouns have singular and plural number. Some nouns have basic forms which are notionally plural, and a singulative can be formed from these by means of a suffix -ach.

Noun Derivation

From other nouns:

  • Augmentative: -ath e.g. noal “tongue” > noalath “grand tongue (name of the language)”
  • Characterized by: -(d/t)rik e.g. lead “tree” > leadrik “druid”

From verbs:

  • Agentive: -(a)dash e.g. por “to shift” > poradash “Changeling”
  • Implement: -et e.g. dulva “to curse” > dulvet “curse”

From adjectives or verbs:

  • Nominalization: -arach e.g. alan “free” > alanarach “freedom”

From any part of speech:

  • Place: -(a)vak e.g. deam “book” > deamavak (meaning not listed, probably something like “library”)

Adjectives

Adjectives are compared to three forms of comparison: positive, comparative, and superlative.

Adjective Derivation

From other adjectives:

  • Negative: fi- e.g. thik “ripe” > fishik “unripe”
  • Intensive: sin- e.g. rano “new” > sindano “brand new”

From nouns:

  • Adjectival: -(i)m e.g. shail “elf” > shailim “elven/elfin”

Adverbs

Adverbs can be regularly formed from adjectives (and their forms of comparison) using the suffix -(a)sh.

Verbs

Verb Derivation

From other verbs:

  • Frequentative/Continuative: -(r)od e.g. ker “to measure” > kerod “to count”
  • Opposite: ru(h)- e.g. aich “to grab” > ruhaich “to drop”

From adjectives:

  • Inchoative: fen- -a e.g. laid “still, unmoving” > fennáida “to settle”