Vōv Grammar
Vōv is an agglutinative language. The language is mostly head-initial. Adjectives and determiners follow the nouns they modify.
Nouns
Nouns decline for case and number. The cases include nominative (unmarked), accusative (marked with s-, from a root meaning "touch"), dative (n-/m-, "give"), and genitive (gi-, "come"). Plural number can be marked by reduplication, for example nah "way, path" ́~ nanah "ways, paths".
Possession
Possession in nouns is marked by possessive suffixes:
| First Person | Second Person | Third Person | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | -um | -vā | |
| Plural | -loi |
Pronouns
Personal pronouns
Personal pronouns decline for case and number. The personal pronouns of Vōv are shown in the following table:
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Person | 2nd Person | 3rd Person | 1st Person | 2nd Person | 3rd Person | |
| Nominative | hum | vā | lō | |||
| Accusative | svā | slō | ||||
| Dative | nhum | mvā | ||||
| Genitive | ||||||
Interrogative pronouns
The interrogative pronoun sik can be translated as both "what" and "who." It can also be used as a determiner in constructions like ginah sik "how," literally "of what way." '
Determiners
Vōv has demonstratives, for example the proximal demonstrative mem "this."
Verbs
Verbs in Vōv agree with their subjects in person and number. This is marked by suffixes:
| First Person | Second Person | Third Person | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | -(u)m | -v(ā) | |
| Plural | -l(ō) |
Verbs are also marked for tense. The tenses include present (unmarked), past (marked with -aur, from a root meaning "die") and future (-ik/-īk, "straight"
Negation
Negation is marked with the negative verb ull-, which takes the agreement in person and number, with the verb being negated following it uninflected.