Appendix:Wokuthízhű pronunciation
The Wokuthízhű language has consonants, 6 vowels and glides.
Standard Romanization
Letter | IPA | English example | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
a | a | father | |
ch | tʃ | watch | |
ch' | tʃ’ | — | Produced by holding your breath at the same time as making the above sound. |
dh | ð | this | |
e | e | bait | |
f | f | food | |
f' | f’ | — | Produced by holding your breath at the same time as making the above sound. |
i | i | machine | |
j | dʒ | jog | |
k | k | skill | |
k' | k’ | — | Produced by holding your breath at the same time as making the above sound. |
l | l | left | |
m | m | man | |
n | n | no | |
ng | ŋ | ring | |
ɲ | sinew | ||
o | o | moat | |
p | p | span | |
p' | p’ | — | Produced by holding your breath at the same time as making the above sound. |
s | s | see | |
t | t̪ | — | |
t' | t̪’ | — | Produced by holding your breath at the same time as making the above sound. |
th | θ | thin | |
th' | θ’ | — | Produced by holding your breath at the same time as making the above sound. |
ts' | ts’ | — | Produced by saying ts as in "pits" while holding your breath. |
v | v | van | |
w | w | wet | |
u | u | rude | |
ü | y | — | Like the i in "machine" pronounced with rounded lips. |
v | v | voice | |
y | j | yes | |
ɥ | — | Like the y in "yes" pronounced with rounded lips. | |
z | z | zoo | |
zh | ʒ | casual |
Notes:
- Tone: High tone is marked with an acute accent over the vowel; a double acute accent is used in the case of ü, i.e. ű.
Phonetics
Consonants
Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | [ɲ] | ng [ŋ] | ||
Plosive | plain | p | t [t̪] | ch [tʃ] | k | |
ejective | p' | t' [t̪’] | ts' | ch' [tʃ’] | k' | |
voiced | j [dʒ] | |||||
Fricative | plain | f | th [θ] | s | ||
ejective | f' | th' [θ’] | ||||
voiced | v | dh [ð] | z | zh [ʒ] | ||
Approximant | w | l | j, [ɥ] |
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i, ü [y] | u | |
Mid | e | o | |
Open | a |
Tone
Vowels take low or high tone. From the proto-stage, tone developed from various codas. After this, all vowels without tone gained a high tone.