Vōv Grammar: Difference between revisions
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==Adjectives== | ==Adjectives== | ||
Adjectives used predicatively work like stative verbs in Vōv, and inflect accordingly, such as in ''hīnimik'' "I am happy" or "I will be happy." | Adjectives used predicatively work like stative verbs in Vōv, and inflect accordingly, such as in ''hīnimik'' "I am happy" or "I will be happy." When used attributively, they suffix to the nouns they modify, such as in ''kailī'' "sweet voice" (with ''lī'' meaning "sweet.") | ||
==Verbs== | ==Verbs== |
Revision as of 08:47, 27 March 2024
Vōv is an agglutinative language. The language is mostly head-initial. Adjectives and determiners follow the nouns they modify.
Nouns
Nouns decline for case and number. The cases include nominative (unmarked), accusative (marked with s-, from a root meaning "touch"), dative (n-/m-, "give"), and genitive (gi-, "come"). Plural number can be marked by reduplication, for example nah "way, path" ́~ nanah "ways, paths".
Possession
Possession in nouns is marked by possessive suffixes:
First Person | Second Person | Third Person | |
---|---|---|---|
Singular | -um | -vā | |
Plural | -loi |
Pronouns
Personal pronouns
Personal pronouns decline for case and number. The personal pronouns of Vōv are shown in the following table:
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st Person | 2nd Person | 3rd Person | 1st Person | 2nd Person | 3rd Person | |
Nominative | hum | vā | lō | |||
Accusative | svā | slō | sǝsǝr | |||
Dative | nhum | mvā | ||||
Genitive |
Interrogative pronouns
The interrogative pronoun sik can be translated as both "what" and "who." It can also be used as a determiner in constructions like ginah sik "how," literally "of what way." '
Determiners
Vōv has demonstratives, for example the proximal demonstratives mem "this" and qen "these." When used attributively, they suffix to the noun they are modifying.
Adjectives
Adjectives used predicatively work like stative verbs in Vōv, and inflect accordingly, such as in hīnimik "I am happy" or "I will be happy." When used attributively, they suffix to the nouns they modify, such as in kailī "sweet voice" (with lī meaning "sweet.")
Verbs
Verbs in Vōv agree with their subjects in person and number. This is marked by suffixes:
First Person | Second Person | Third Person | |
---|---|---|---|
Singular | -(u)m | -v(ā) | |
Plural | -l(ō) |
Verbs are also marked for tense. The tenses include present (unmarked), past (marked with -aur, from a root meaning "die,") and future (-ik/-īk, "straight.")
Negation
Negation is marked with the negative verb ul(l)-, which takes the agreement in person and number, with the verb being negated following it uninflected.