Appendix:Bodzvokhan pronunciation: Difference between revisions
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{{LangBar|Bodzvokhan|Bright dialogue}} | |||
The Bodzvokhan language has 25 consonants, 8 vowels and 1 glide. | The Bodzvokhan language has 25 consonants, 8 vowels and 1 glide. | ||
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| '''b'''other | | '''b'''other | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| '''ch''' | |||
| tʃ | |||
| ea'''ch''' | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| '''d''' | | '''d''' | ||
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| ə | | ə | ||
| sof'''a''' | | sof'''a''' | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| '''f''' | |||
| f | |||
| '''f'''ish | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| '''g'''ood | | '''g'''ood | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''h''' | | '''h''' | ||
| ħ | | ħ | ||
| | | No English equivalent | ||
| You can make this sound by attempting to fog up a mirror. | | You can make this sound by attempting to fog up a mirror. | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| i | | i | ||
| b'''ee'''t | | b'''ee'''t | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| '''j''' | |||
| dʒ | |||
| '''j'''am | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| '''ng''' | | '''ng''' | ||
| ŋ | | ŋ | ||
| ''' | | wi'''ng''' | ||
| Assimilates to a following uvular consonant. | |||
|- | |||
| '''ny''' | |||
| ɲ | |||
| Spanish ''se'''ñ'''or'' | |||
| Assimilates to a following uvular consonant. | | Assimilates to a following uvular consonant. | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| '''ö''' | | '''ö''' | ||
| œ | | œ | ||
| | | German ''G'''ö'''ttin'' | ||
| Like the '''e''' in b'''e'''t, but with lips rounded. | | Like the '''e''' in b'''e'''t, but with lips rounded. | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| '''q''' | | '''q''' | ||
| q | | q | ||
| | | No English equivalent | ||
| Like a '''k''', but pronounced further back in the throat, with the back of the tongue contacting the uvula. | | Like a '''k''', but pronounced further back in the throat, with the back of the tongue contacting the uvula. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''r''' | | '''r''' | ||
| | | ʁ | ||
| | | No English equivalent | ||
| Pronounced | | Pronounced like the '''r''' in French '''rouge'''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''s''' | | '''s''' | ||
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| '''u''' | | '''u''' | ||
| u | | u | ||
| f''' | | f'''u'''ton | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''ü''' | | '''ü''' | ||
| y | | y | ||
| | | German '''''ü'''ber'' | ||
| Like the '''i''' in mach'''i'''ne, but with lips rounded. | | Like the '''i''' in mach'''i'''ne, but with lips rounded. | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| '''y''' | | '''y''' | ||
| | | j | ||
| | | '''y'''es | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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=== Consonants === | === Consonants === | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
! colspan="2" | | ! colspan="2" | | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Nasal | ! colspan="2" | Nasal | ||
| m [m] || n [n] || || colspan="2" | ng [ŋ ~ ɴ] || | | m [m] || n [n] || ny [ɲ] || colspan="2" | ng [ŋ ~ ɴ] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | Plosive | ! rowspan="2" | Plosive | ||
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! rowspan="2" | Fricative | ! rowspan="2" | Fricative | ||
! <small>voiceless</small> | ! <small>voiceless</small> | ||
| f [f] || s [s] || sh [ʃ] || colspan="2" | | | f [f] || s [s] || sh [ʃ] || colspan="2" | kh [x ~ χ] || h [ħ] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! <small>voiced</small> | ! <small>voiced</small> | ||
| v [v] || z [z] || zh [ʒ] || | | v [v] || z [z] || zh [ʒ] || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | | ! colspan="2" | Sonorants | ||
| || l [l] || | | || l [l] || y [j] || || r [ʁ] || | ||
|} | |} | ||
Notes: | Notes: | ||
* [ŋ] is a phoneme in its own right, but [ɴ] is an allophonic nasal that occurs when preceding a uvular consonant. | * [ŋ] is a phoneme in its own right, but [ɴ] is an allophonic nasal that occurs when preceding a uvular consonant. | ||
* The nasals and the liquids may be syllabic. | |||
=== Vowels === | === Vowels === | ||
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|} | |} | ||
The vowel written ''ǝ'' has a native pronunciation of [ə], but is sometimes pronounced [ɨ] under influence from [[Russian language|Russian]]. | The vowel written ''ǝ'' has a native pronunciation of [ə], but is sometimes pronounced [ɨ] under influence from [[Russian language|Russian]]. The vowels [i y u ǝ] do not usually occur in the same words as the vowels [ɛ œ ɔ a]. | ||
==== Diphthongs ==== | ==== Diphthongs ==== |
Latest revision as of 04:30, 14 March 2024
The Bodzvokhan language has 25 consonants, 8 vowels and 1 glide.
Standard Romanization
Letter | IPA | English example | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
a | a | In between father and what. | |
b | b | bother | |
ch | tʃ | each | |
d | d | dog | |
dz | dz | adze | |
e | ɛ | bet | |
ǝ | ə | sofa | |
f | f | fish | |
g | ɡ | good | |
h | ħ | No English equivalent | You can make this sound by attempting to fog up a mirror. |
i | i | beet | |
j | dʒ | jam | |
k | k | skill | |
kh | x ~ χ | Bach, or Chanukkah | |
l | l | left | |
m | m | man | |
n | n | no | Assimilates to a following uvular consonant. |
ng | ŋ | wing | Assimilates to a following uvular consonant. |
ny | ɲ | Spanish señor | Assimilates to a following uvular consonant. |
o | ɔ | caught | |
ö | œ | German Göttin | Like the e in bet, but with lips rounded. |
p | p | span | |
q | q | No English equivalent | Like a k, but pronounced further back in the throat, with the back of the tongue contacting the uvula. |
r | ʁ | No English equivalent | Pronounced like the r in French rouge. |
s | s | see | |
sh | ʃ | sheep | |
t | t | stop | |
ts | ts | pits | |
u | u | futon | |
ü | y | German über | Like the i in machine, but with lips rounded. |
v | v | voice | |
y | j | yes | |
z | z | zoo | |
zh | ʒ | azure |
Phonetics
Bodzvokhan has a high-low vowel harmony system, and is quite unique, phonologically speaking, but it retains some quirks that have come directly from the Russian language through contact and heavy borrowing. These are reflected in the orthography, but not the romanization.
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m [m] | n [n] | ny [ɲ] | ng [ŋ ~ ɴ] | |||
Plosive | voiceless | p [p] | t [t], ts [ts] | ch [tʃ] | k [k] | q [q] | |
voiced | b [b] | d [d], dz [dz] | j [dʒ] | g [g] | |||
Fricative | voiceless | f [f] | s [s] | sh [ʃ] | kh [x ~ χ] | h [ħ] | |
voiced | v [v] | z [z] | zh [ʒ] | ||||
Sonorants | l [l] | y [j] | r [ʁ] |
Notes:
- [ŋ] is a phoneme in its own right, but [ɴ] is an allophonic nasal that occurs when preceding a uvular consonant.
- The nasals and the liquids may be syllabic.
Vowels
Bodzvokhan has 8 phonetically distinct vowels:
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i [i], ü [y] | ǝ [ɨ~ə] | u [u] |
Mid | e [ɛ], ö [œ] | o [ɔ] | |
Open | a [a] |
The vowel written ǝ has a native pronunciation of [ə], but is sometimes pronounced [ɨ] under influence from Russian. The vowels [i y u ǝ] do not usually occur in the same words as the vowels [ɛ œ ɔ a].
Diphthongs
Bodzvokhan doesn't have any native diphthongs; where they occur, they will have been borrowed.