Appendix:Haughòf pronunciation

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The Haughòf language has consonants, vowels and glides.

Standard Romanization

Letter	IPA	English example	Notes
a	ɑ	father
à	ə	sofa
b	b	bog
ḅ	bˤ	—	Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
d	d	dog
ḍ	dˤ	—	Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
dy	ɟ	eggyolk
ḍy	ɟˤ	—	Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
e	e	bait
è	ɛ	bed
f	ɸ	—	Like the f in Japanese Fukushima.
g	ɡ	good
gh	ɣ	—	Like the r in French rouge or the g in Spanish lago.
ghw	ɣʷ	—	Like the gu in Spanish agua.
gw	ɡʷ	penguin
h	ħ	—
ḥ	ʕ	—
i	i	machine
k	kʰ	key
kh	x	loch (Scottish English)
khw	xʷ	—	Like the ju in Spanish juego.
kw	kʷʰ	quest
l	ʟ	hall
m	m	man
ṃ	mˤ	—	Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
n	n	no
ṇ	nˤ	—	Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
ng	ŋ	sing
ngw	ŋʷ	ringwall
ny	ɲ	onion
ṇy	ɲˤ	—	Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
o	o	moat
ò	ɔ	lot
p	pʰ	pan
r	ɹ ~ ɾ	red, battle
ṛ	ɹˤ ~ ɾˤ	—	Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
r	ɹʷ ~ ɾʷ	narwhal, beduin
s	s	see
ṣ	sˤ	—	Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
sh	ç	hue
t	tʰ	top
ṭ	tˤ	—	Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
ty	c	cue
ṭy	cˤ	—	Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
u	u	rude
ù	ʊ	hood
v	β	—	Like the v in Spanish lavar.
ṿ	βˤ	—	Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
w	w	wet
z	z	zoo
ẓ	zˤ	—	Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
zh	ʝ	casual
ẓh	ʝˤ	—	Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).

Phonetics

Consonants

		Labial		Alveolar			Palatal		Velar		Pharyngeal
		plain	pharyngealized	plain	pharyngealized	labialized	plain	pharyngealized	plain	labialized
Nasal		m	ṃ [mˤ]	n	ṇ [nˤ]		ny [ɲ]	ṇy [ɲˤ]	ng [ŋ]	ngw [ŋʷ]
Plosive	voiceless	p [pʰ]		t [tʰ]	ṭ [tˤ]		ty [cʰ]	ṭy [cˤ]	k [kʰ]	kw [kʷʰ]
	voiced	b	ḅ [bˤ]	d	ḍ [dˤ]		dy [ɟ]	ḍy [ɟˤ]	g	gw [ɡʷ]
Fricative	voiceless	f [ɸ]		s	ṣ [sˤ]		sh [ç]		kh [x]	khw [xʷ]	h [ħ]
	voiced	v [β]	ṿ [βˤ]	z	ẓ [zˤ]		zh [ʝ]	ẓh [ʝˤ]	gh [ɣ]	ghw [ɣʷ]	ḥ [ʕ]
Approximant		w		r [ɹ ~ ɾ]	ṛ [ɹˤ ~ ɾˤ]	rw [ɹʷ ~ ɾʷ]			l [ʟ]

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Near-close			ù [ʊ]
Close-mid	e	à [ə]	o
Open-mid	è [ɛ]		ò [ɔ]
Open			a [ɑ]