Appendix:Haughòf pronunciation: Difference between revisions

From The Languages of David J. Peterson
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|
|
|-
|-
| '''ä'''
| '''à'''
| æ
| ə
| c'''a'''t
| sof'''a'''
|
|
|-
|-
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|
|
|-
|-
| '''ch'''
| '''ḅ'''
| tʃ
| bˤ
| wa'''tch'''
| —
|
| Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
|-
|-
| '''d'''
| '''d'''
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| '''d'''og
| '''d'''og
|
|
|-
| '''ḍ'''
| dˤ
| —
| Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
|-
| '''dy'''
| ɟ
| '''g'''ules
|
|-
| '''ḍy'''
| ɟˤ
| —
| Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
|-
|-
| '''e'''
| '''e'''
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|
|
|-
|-
| '''ẽ'''
| '''è'''
| ẽ
| ɛ
| c'''an''''t (''American English'')
| b'''e'''d
|  
|
|-
| '''f'''
| ɸ
| —
| Like the '''f''' in Japanese '''''F'''ukushima''.
|-
| '''g'''
| ɡ
| '''g'''ood
|
|-
|-
| '''gh'''
| '''gh'''
| ʀ
| ɣ
| —
| —
| Like the '''r''' in German '''''r'''aus''.
| Like the '''r''' in French '''''r'''ouge'' or the '''g''' in Spanish ''la'''g'''o''.
|-
| '''ghw'''
| ɣʷ
| —
| Like the '''gu''' in Spanish ''a'''gu'''a''.
|-
| '''gw'''
| ɡʷ
| pen'''gu'''in
|
|-
|-
| '''h'''
| '''h'''
| h
| ħ
| '''h'''am
| —
|
|
|-
|-
| ''' '''
| '''ḥ'''
| ɦ
| ʕ
| be'''h'''ind
| —
|
|
|-
|-
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| i
| i
| mach'''i'''ne
| mach'''i'''ne
|
|-
| '''j'''
| dʒ
| '''j'''og
|
|
|-
|-
| '''k'''
| '''k'''
| k
| kʰ
| s'''k'''ill
| '''k'''ey
| This sound  features no aspiration. Aspiration is the puff of air that occurs in the "k" in "key". Compare this with the "k" in "sky", which has no aspiration.
|  
|-
|-
| '''kh'''
| '''kh'''
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| lo'''ch''' (''Scottish English'')
| lo'''ch''' (''Scottish English'')
|
|
|-
| '''khw'''
| xʷ
| —
| Like the '''ju''' in Spanish '''''ju'''ego''.
|-
| '''kw'''
| kʷʰ
| '''qu'''est
|
|-
|-
| '''l'''
| '''l'''
| l
| l
| '''l'''eft
| '''l'''eft
|
|-
| '''ly'''
| ʎ
| mi'''lli'''on
|
|
|-
|-
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| '''m'''an
| '''m'''an
|
|
|-
| '''ṃ'''
| mˤ
| —
| Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
|-
|-
| '''n'''
| '''n'''
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| '''n'''o
| '''n'''o
|  
|  
|-
| '''ṇ'''
| nˤ
| —
| Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
|-
|-
| '''ng'''
| '''ng'''
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| si'''ng'''
| si'''ng'''
|  
|  
|-
| '''ṇg'''
| ŋˤ
| —
| Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
|-
|-
| '''ny'''
| '''ny'''
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|  
|  
|-
|-
| '''ö'''
| '''ṇy'''
| ø
| ɲˤ
| —
| —  
| Like the '''ai''' in "b'''ai'''t" pronounced with rounded lips.
| Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
|-
| '''o'''
| o
| m'''oa'''t
|
|-
| '''ò'''
| ɔ
| l'''o'''t
|
|-
| '''p'''
| pʰ
| '''p'''an
| 
|-
|-
| '''õ'''
| '''r'''
| õ
| ɹ ~ ɾ
| d'''on''''t (''American English'')
| '''r'''ed, ba'''tt'''le
|  
|  
|-
|-
| '''p'''
| '''ṛ'''
| p
| ɹˤ ~ ɾˤ
| s'''p'''an
| —
| This sound features no aspiration. Aspiration is the puff of air that occurs in the "p" in "poke". Compare this with the "p" in "spoke", which has no aspiration.  
| Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
|-
|-
| '''r'''
| '''r'''
| r
| ɹʷ ~ ɾʷ
| —
| na'''rwh'''al, be'''du'''in
| Like the '''rr''' in Spanish ''pe'''rr'''o''.
|
|-
|-
| '''s'''
| '''s'''
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| '''s'''ee
| '''s'''ee
|  
|  
|-
| '''ṣ'''
| sˤ
| —
| Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
|-
| '''sh'''
| ç
| '''h'''ue
|
|-
|-
| '''t'''
| '''t'''
| t
| tʰ
| s'''t'''op
| '''t'''op
| This sound  features no aspiration. Aspiration is the puff of air that occurs in the "t" in "take". Compare this with the "t" in "stake", which has no aspiration.
|-
| '''th'''
| θ
| '''th'''in
|  
|  
|-
| '''ts'''
| ts
| pi'''ts'''
|
|-
|-
| '''u'''
| '''u'''
| u
| u
| r'''u'''de
| r'''u'''de
|
|  
|-
|-
| '''ü'''
| '''ù'''
| y
| ʊ
| —
| h'''oo'''d
| Like the '''i''' in "mach'''i'''ne" pronounced with rounded lips.
|
|-
|-
| '''w'''
| '''w'''
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|
|
|-
|-
| '''y'''
| '''z'''
| j
| z
| '''y'''es
| '''z'''oo
|
|  
|-
| '''ẓ'''
| zˤ
| —
| Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
|-
|-
| '''zh'''
| '''zh'''
| ʒ
| ʝ
| ca'''s'''ual
| ca'''s'''ual
|
|
|-
| '''ẓh'''
| ʝˤ
| —
| Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
|}
|}


Revision as of 05:15, 27 April 2024

Haughòf Language Navigation: Home, Phonology, Grammar, Vocabulary, Orthography

The Haughòf language has consonants, vowels and glides.

Standard Romanization

Letter IPA English example Notes
a ɑ father
à ə sofa
b b bog
ḅ bˤ — Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
d d dog
ḍ dˤ — Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
dy ɟ gules
ḍy ɟˤ — Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
e e bait
è ɛ bed
f ɸ — Like the f in Japanese Fukushima.
g ɡ good
gh ɣ — Like the r in French rouge or the g in Spanish lago.
ghw ɣʷ — Like the gu in Spanish agua.
gw ɡʷ penguin
h ħ —
ḥ ʕ —
i i machine
k kʰ key
kh x loch (Scottish English)
khw xʷ — Like the ju in Spanish juego.
kw kʷʰ quest
l l left
m m man
ṃ mˤ — Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
n n no
ṇ nˤ — Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
ng ŋ sing
ṇg ŋˤ — Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
ny ɲ onion
ṇy ɲˤ — Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
o o moat
ò ɔ lot
p pʰ pan
r ɹ ~ ɾ red, battle
ṛ ɹˤ ~ ɾˤ — Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
r ɹʷ ~ ɾʷ narwhal, beduin
s s see
ṣ sˤ — Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
sh ç hue
t tʰ top
u u rude
ù ʊ hood
w w wet
z z zoo
ẓ zˤ — Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).
zh ʝ casual
ẓh ʝˤ — Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat).

Phonetics

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Pharyngeal
plain pharyngealized plain pharyngealized labialized plain pharyngealized plain labialized
Nasal m ṃ [mˤ] n ṇ [nˤ] ny [ɲ] ṇy [ɲˤ] ng [ŋ] ngw [ŋʷ]
Plosive voiceless p [pʰ] t [tʰ] ṭ [tˤ] ty [cʰ] ṭy [cˤ] k [kʰ] kw [kʷʰ]
voiced b ḅ [bˤ] d ḍ [dˤ] dy [ɟ] ḍy [ɟˤ] g gw [ɡʷ]
Fricative voiceless f [ɸ] s ṣ [sˤ] sh [ç] kh [x] khw [xʷ] h [ħ]
voiced v [β] ṿ [βˤ] z ẓ [zˤ] zh [ʝ] ẓh [ʝˤ] gh [ɣ] ghw [ɣʷ] ḥ [ʕ]
Approximant w r [ɹ ~ ɾ] ṛ [ɹˤ ~ ɾˤ] rw [ɹʷ ~ ɾʷ] l [ʟ]

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i u
Near-close ù [ʊ]
Close-mid e à [ə] o
Open-mid è [ɛ] ò [ɔ]
Open a [ɑ]
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