Appendix:Haughòf pronunciation

Haughòf Language Navigation: Home, Phonology, Grammar, Vocabulary, Orthography

The Haughòf language has 43 consonants, 9 vowels and 1 glide.

Standard Romanization

Letter	IPA	English example	Notes
a	ɑ	father
à	ə	sofa
b	b	bog
ḅ	bˤ	—	Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
d	d	dog
ḍ	dˤ	—	Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
dy	ɟ	eggyolk
ḍy	ɟˤ	—	Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
e	e	bait
è	ɛ	bed
f	ɸ	—	Like the f in Japanese Fukushima.
g	ɡ	good
gh	ɣ	—	Like the r in French rouge or the g in Spanish lago.
ghw	ɣʷ	—	Like the gu in Spanish agua.
gw	ɡʷ	penguin
h	ħ	—
ḥ	ʕ	—
i	i	machine
k	kʰ	key
kh	x	loch (Scottish English)
khw	xʷ	—	Like the ju in Spanish juego.
kw	kʷʰ	quest
l	ʟ	hall
m	m	man
ṃ	mˤ	—	Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
n	n	no
ṇ	nˤ	—	Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
ng	ŋ	sing
ngw	ŋʷ	ringwall
ny	ɲ	onion
ṇy	ɲˤ	—	Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
o	o	moat
ò	ɔ	lot
p	pʰ	pan
r	ɹ ~ ɾ	red, battle
ṛ	ɹˤ ~ ɾˤ	—	Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
rw	ɹʷ ~ ɾʷ	narwhal, bedouin
s	s	see
ṣ	sˤ	—	Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
sh	ç	hue
t	tʰ	top
ṭ	tˤ	—	Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
ty	c	cue
ṭy	cˤ	—	Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
u	u	rude
ù	ʊ	hood
v	β	—	Like the v in Spanish lavar.
ṿ	βˤ	—	Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
w	w	wet
z	z	zoo
ẓ	zˤ	—	Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
zh	ʝ	casual
ẓh	ʝˤ	—	Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.

Phonetics

Consonants

		Labial		Alveolar			Palatal		Velar		Pharyngeal
		plain	pharyngealized	plain	pharyngealized	labialized	plain	pharyngealized	plain	labialized
Nasal		m	ṃ [mˤ]	n	ṇ [nˤ]		ny [ɲ]	ṇy [ɲˤ]	ng [ŋ]	ngw [ŋʷ]
Plosive	voiceless	p [pʰ]		t [tʰ]	ṭ [tˤ]		ty [cʰ]	ṭy [cˤ]	k [kʰ]	kw [kʷʰ]
	voiced	b	ḅ [bˤ]	d	ḍ [dˤ]		dy [ɟ]	ḍy [ɟˤ]	g	gw [ɡʷ]
Fricative	voiceless	f [ɸ]		s	ṣ [sˤ]		sh [ç]		kh [x]	khw [xʷ]	h [ħ]
	voiced	v [β]	ṿ [βˤ]	z	ẓ [zˤ]		zh [ʝ]	ẓh [ʝˤ]	gh [ɣ]	ghw [ɣʷ]	ḥ [ʕ]
Approximant		w		r [ɹ ~ ɾ]	ṛ [ɹˤ ~ ɾˤ]	rw [ɹʷ ~ ɾʷ]			l [ʟ]

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Near-close			ù [ʊ]
Close-mid	e	à [ə]	o
Open-mid	è [ɛ]		ò [ɔ]
Open			a [ɑ]