Appendix:Gandal pronunciation

Gandal Language Navigation: Home, Phonology, Grammar, Vocabulary, Orthography

The Gandal language has 23 consonants, 10 vowels including diphthongs, and 2 glides.

Standard Romanization

Letter	IPA	English example(s)	Notes
a	ɑ, ǝ	father, sofa
æ	æ	cat
b	b	bog
ch	tʃ	chop
d	d	dog
dh	ð	this
e	ɛ	bed
ei	e	bait
f	f	food
g	g	good
h	h	ham
i	i	machine
j	dʒ	jet
k	k	skill
l	l	left
m	m	man
n	n	no
ng	ŋ	sing
ny	ɲ	New York (certain pronunciations)	Like Spanish ñ.
o	o	coat
p	p	span
r	ɹ	road
s	s	see
sh	ʃ	sheep
t	t	stop
th	θ	thin
u	u	rude
v	v	voice
w	w	wet
y	j	yawn
z	z	zoo
zh	ʒ	casual

Phonetics

Consonants

	Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	p b		t d		k g
Affricate				tʃ ⟨ch⟩ dʒ ⟨j⟩
Fricative	f v	θ ⟨th⟩ dh ⟨dh⟩	s z	ʃ ⟨sh⟩ ʒ ⟨zh⟩		h
Nasal	m		n	ɲ ⟨ny⟩	ŋ ⟨ng⟩
Approximant	w		ɹ ⟨r⟩	j ⟨y⟩
Lateral			l

Vowels

Gandal has 8 phonetically distinct vowels:

		Front	Central	Back
Close		i		u
Mid	Close-mid	e ⟨ei⟩	ǝ ⟨a⟩	o
	Open-mid	ɛ ⟨e⟩
Open		æ		ɑ ⟨a⟩

Diphthongs

Gandal has two diphthongs: ay /ai/ and aw /au/.