Appendix:Izra script
Izra is an abugida used to write the Irathient language from the Syfy series Defiance.
Vowels and consonants
The Izra script is an abugida, a writing system where each character represents a consonant with an inherent vowel sound that can be modified by diacritics. Izra combines consonants with preceding vowels to form distinct glyphs. Stand-alone vowel glyphs are only used at the end of words. The following are the stand-alone vowel glyphs in Irathient:
Each consonant in Irathient has seven different forms, depending on the preceding vowel. When the preceding vowel is 'ǝ,' the glyph remains identical to its basic form. For example, 'ǝd' and 'd' are spelled in exactly the same way. For example, take the following word:
This word could be pronounced in various ways, such as 'tlanǝs,' 'ǝtlanǝs,' 'ǝtǝlanǝs,' 'ǝtlons,' 'tǝlons,' 'tǝlanǝs,' 'ǝtǝlons,' etc. However, only 'tlanǝs' is correct. This must be memorized, but there are certain rules and tendencies that guide pronunciation. For instance, if a noun starts with the glyph 't-,' it is likely a noun class suffix (either Class III, Class XV, or Class XVI) and will either appear as 't-' or 'ti-.' If there is no 'i' glyph following 't,' it is with certainty pronounced as '[t].' Similarly, 'tl' is a common and licit combination in Irathient, making the insertion of 'ǝ' unlikely. It is also improbable for an Irathient word to end in 'ns,' so it is reasonable to assume that the schwa is present. Moreover, if it is absent, the pronunciation of 'a' becomes 'o.'
The complete set of vowel-consonant combinations in Irathient is provided below in two tables:
Table 1
Table 2
It is essential to note that the 'dz' and 'ts' characters are now pronounced as 'z' and 's,' respectively. While some words continue to be spelled with the old letters, these spellings must be memorized.
Geminates
Irathient employs a distinction between doubled (or geminate) consonants and singletons, denoted by a symbol placed after the doubled consonants. Examples of this distinction are presented below:
Numerals
Izra features a numeral system, which can be seen below:
Punctuation
Basic punctuation marks used in Irathient include:
