Appendix:Swadesh lists: Difference between revisions
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*** [[Appendix:G'Vunna Swadesh list|G'Vunna]] | *** [[Appendix:G'Vunna Swadesh list|G'Vunna]] | ||
*** [[Appendix:Gandal Swadesh list|Gandal]] | *** [[Appendix:Gandal Swadesh list|Gandal]] | ||
==== Atrian languages ==== | |||
* [[Appendix:Proto-Sondiv Swadesh list|Proto-Sondiv]] | |||
** [[Appendix:Sondiv Swadesh list|Sondiv]] | |||
==== Elvi languages ==== | |||
* [[Appendix:Proto-Övüsi Swadesh list|Proto-Övüsi]] | |||
** [[Appendix:Övüsi Swadesh list|Övüsi]] | |||
==== Kastithina languages ==== | |||
* [[Appendix:Proto-Castithan Swadesh list|Proto-Castithan]] | |||
** [[Appendix:Old Castithan Swadesh list|Old Castithan]] | |||
*** [[Appendix:Castithan Swadesh list|Castithan]] | |||
==== Munchkin languages ==== | |||
* [[Appendix:Proto-Munja'kin Swadesh list|Proto-Munja'kin]] | |||
** [[Appendix:Munja'kin Swadesh list|Munja'kin]] | |||
==== Omec languages ==== | |||
* [[Appendix:Proto-Kinuk'aaz Swadesh list|Proto-Kinuk'aaz]] | |||
** [[Appendix:Kinuk'aaz Swadesh list|Kinuk'aaz]] | |||
==== Orcish languages ==== | |||
* [[Appendix:Sungdin Swadesh list|Sungdin]] | |||
** [[Appendix:Bodzvokhan Swadesh list|Bodzvokhan]] | |||
==== Plains languages ==== | ==== Plains languages ==== | ||
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** [[Appendix:Dothraki Swadesh list|Dothraki]] | ** [[Appendix:Dothraki Swadesh list|Dothraki]] | ||
** [[Appendix:Lhazareen Swadesh list|Lhazareen]] | ** [[Appendix:Lhazareen Swadesh list|Lhazareen]] | ||
==== Sangheilic languages ==== | |||
* [[Appendix:Proto-Sangheili Swadesh list|Proto-Sangheili]] | |||
** [[Appendix:Sangheili Swadesh list|Sangheili]] | |||
==== Valyrian languages ==== | ==== Valyrian languages ==== | ||
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** [[Appendix:Astapori Valyrian Swadesh list|Astapori Valyrian]] | ** [[Appendix:Astapori Valyrian Swadesh list|Astapori Valyrian]] | ||
** [[Appendix:Meereenese Valyrian Swadesh list|Meereenese Valyrian]] | ** [[Appendix:Meereenese Valyrian Swadesh list|Meereenese Valyrian]] | ||
==== Witch languages ==== | |||
* [[Appendix:Proto-Méníshè Swadesh list|Proto-Méníshè]] | |||
** [[Appendix:Méníshè Swadesh list|Méníshè]] | |||
==== Creole languages ==== | |||
* [[Appendix:Kezhwa Swadesh list|Kezhwa]] | |||
==== In-universe constructed languages ==== | |||
* [[Appendix:Væyne Zaanics Swadesh list|Væyne Zaanics]] | |||
==== Other languages ==== | ==== Other languages ==== | ||
* [[Appendix:Aazh Naamori Swadesh list|Aazh Naamori]] | * [[Appendix:Aazh Naamori Swadesh list|Aazh Naamori]] | ||
* [[Appendix:Azrán Swadesh list|Azrán]] | * [[Appendix:Azrán Swadesh list|Azrán]] | ||
* [[Appendix:Chakobsa Swadesh list|Chakobsa]] | * [[Appendix:Chakobsa Swadesh list|Chakobsa]] | ||
* [[Appendix:Engála Swadesh list|Engála]] | * [[Appendix:Engála Swadesh list|Engála]] | ||
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* [[Appendix:Inha Swadesh list|Inha]] | * [[Appendix:Inha Swadesh list|Inha]] | ||
* [[Appendix:Irathient Swadesh list|Irathient]] | * [[Appendix:Irathient Swadesh list|Irathient]] | ||
* [[Appendix:Lishepus Swadesh list|Lishepus]] | * [[Appendix:Lishepus Swadesh list|Lishepus]] | ||
* [[Appendix:Mag Nuk Swadesh list|Mag Nuk]] | * [[Appendix:Mag Nuk Swadesh list|Mag Nuk]] | ||
* [[Appendix:Nelvayu Swadesh list|Nelvayu]] | * [[Appendix:Nelvayu Swadesh list|Nelvayu]] | ||
* [[Appendix:Noalath Swadesh list|Noalath]] | * [[Appendix:Noalath Swadesh list|Noalath]] | ||
* [[Appendix:Orcish Swadesh list|Orcish]] | * [[Appendix:Orcish Swadesh list|Orcish]] | ||
* [[Appendix:Ravkan Swadesh list|Ravkan]] | * [[Appendix:Ravkan Swadesh list|Ravkan]] | ||
* [[Appendix:Sarkezhe Swadesh list|Sarkezhe]] | * [[Appendix:Sarkezhe Swadesh list|Sarkezhe]] | ||
* [[Appendix:Shiväisith Swadesh list|Shiväisith]] | * [[Appendix:Shiväisith Swadesh list|Shiväisith]] | ||
* [[Appendix:Shu Swadesh list|Shu]] | * [[Appendix:Shu Swadesh list|Shu]] | ||
* [[Appendix:Tpaalha Swadesh list|Tpaalha]] | * [[Appendix:Tpaalha Swadesh list|Tpaalha]] | ||
* [[Appendix:Trigedasleng Swadesh list|Trigedasleng]] | * [[Appendix:Trigedasleng Swadesh list|Trigedasleng]] | ||
* [[Appendix:Ts'íts'àsh Swadesh list|Ts'íts'àsh]] | * [[Appendix:Ts'íts'àsh Swadesh list|Ts'íts'àsh]] | ||
* [[Appendix:Verbis Diabolo Swadesh list|Verbis Diabolo]] | * [[Appendix:Verbis Diabolo Swadesh list|Verbis Diabolo]] | ||
* [[Appendix:Vōv Swadesh list|Vōv]] | * [[Appendix:Vōv Swadesh list|Vōv]] | ||
* [[Appendix:Wokuthízhű Swadesh list|Wokuthízhű]] | * [[Appendix:Wokuthízhű Swadesh list|Wokuthízhű]] |
Revision as of 07:39, 28 April 2024
Swadesh lists were originally devised by the linguist Morris Swadesh. In the 1940s to 1950s, Swadesh developed word lists of body parts, verbs, natural phenomena, in order to compute the relationships of languages, and in particular their age, by a method called glottochronology. Swadesh's version of glottochronology is outdated because it used constant replacement rates. There are, of course, many attempts to achieve more realistic rates and thus more realistic results.
A Swadesh list may also be useful to achieve knowledge of some universal terms in other languages. This is because, for basic communication, knowledge of vocabulary is more important than knowledge of grammar and syntax. Sometimes it is even possible to achieve (very) basic communication skills with no knowledge of the target language syntax whatsoever.
To sort the table columns here (or for any other table in any HTML page), copy the javascript link from here (control-click the "sort table" link to copy the link) and once you have come back to this page, paste the javascript code you have copied into your URL window and run it. (The other table scripts there can also be used here.) Alternatively, instead of copying the link, you could drag it into your bookmarks toolbar, allowing the link to be accessible in the future from the toolbar. This sorting feature could be particularly useful if and when the categories of the Swadesh template and/or Basic English template are fleshed out.
Assorted Swadesh lists
Swadesh lists |
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Individual languages |
(edit this template) |
See more at Category:Swadesh lists by language or Category:Swadesh lists by family
Athanoran languages
Atrian languages
Elvi languages
Kastithina languages
Munchkin languages
Omec languages
Orcish languages
Plains languages
Sangheilic languages
Valyrian languages
Witch languages
Creole languages
In-universe constructed languages
Other languages
- Aazh Naamori
- Azrán
- Chakobsa
- Engála
- Fjerdan
- Gerna Mohr
- Hanyana
- Haughòf
- Hen Linge
- Indojisnen
- Inha
- Irathient
- Lishepus
- Mag Nuk
- Nelvayu
- Noalath
- Orcish
- Ravkan
- Sarkezhe
- Shiväisith
- Shu
- Tpaalha
- Trigedasleng
- Ts'íts'àsh
- Verbis Diabolo
- Vōv
- Wokuthízhű
- Yulish
- Zemeni
Templates
For a basis to expand this list into other languages see the basic 207-word Swadesh template. See also this Swadesh template containing a comparative table for 8 different languages, and this Swadesh template with categories and parts-of-speech added. To visit a more extensive list of basic words in various languages (not a Swadesh list, though it includes and is cross-referenced to Swadesh words), see the Basic English word list.
- Templates for Swadesh lists
- Template:Swadesh list 207 plain: plain list (English and selected language)
- Template:Swadesh list 207 pronunciation: list with IPA pronunciation
- Template:Swadesh list 207 trans pronunciation: list with transcription and pronunciation
- Template:Swadesh list 207 trans: list with transcription in Latin characters
- Template:Swadesh list 207 trans2: list with two transcriptions
- Project:Swadesh template categorized
- Templates for boxes
- Template:Swadesh lists: box with all Swadesh lists of individual languages, language families and branches
- Other templates
- Template:Swadesh list presentation: Swadesh list presentation template
- Template:Swadesh list templates: displays all templates
- Template:langlist: used in ordinary dictionary entries of languages
Swadesh list table of Germanic and Romance languages
The words from Swadesh's original 100-word list are designated by an asterisk (*). In the composite list on this page, there are actually 207 words, since seven of the words in the 100-word list (breast, fingernail, full, horn, knee, moon, round) were not in the original 200-word list.
See also
External links
World languages
- Numbers in Over 5000 Languages by Mark Rosenfelder (Scope-wise, probably the best multi-language site. This is the only database on the Internet with nearly all the world's languages in it; however, it only has the numerals 1-10.)
- Numeral Systems of the World's Languages by Eugene Chan
- Intercontinental Dictionary Series (Quality-wise, probably the best multi-language site. Excellent interactive searching and comprehensive topically-organized lists. See also Intercontinental Dictionary Series on Wikipedia.)
- Rosetta Project
- World Loanword Database
- Numeral Systems of the World's Languages
- Unilang (Somewhat disorganized, but great resource for language learning)
- Ethnologue (language demographics only)
- Glottolog
- Common words between languages
World languages — other existing wikis
- http://en.wikivoyage.org/en/Phrasebooks Wikivoyage phrasebooks
- http://wiki.langwiki.info/Main_Page (Wikilang)
Regional languages
- Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database
- http://native-languages.org/ (Amerindian languages)
- http://sealang.net/ (Southeast Asian languages)