Appendix:Astapori Valyrian pronunciation: Difference between revisions
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! <small>voiceless</small> | ! <small>voiceless</small> | ||
| || (th [θ]) || s [s] || || colspan="2" | (kh [x ~ χ]) | | || (th [θ]) || s [s] || || colspan="2" | (kh [x ~ χ]) || h [h] | ||
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! <small>voiced</small> | ! <small>voiced</small> |
Revision as of 16:28, 24 April 2019
The Astapori Valyrian language has 19 consonants, 6 vowels and no glides.
Standard Orthography
Letter | IPA | English example | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
a | a | US bot, UK bath | |
b | b | bother | |
d | d | dog | |
dh | ð | then | |
e | e | bait | |
g | g | good | |
gh | ɣ ~ ʁ | — | |
h | h | ham | |
i | i | beet | |
j | ʒ | azure | |
k | k | skill | |
kh | x ~ χ | Bach, or Chanukkah | Only found in loanwords. |
l | l | left | |
m | m | man | |
n | n | no | Assimilates to following palatal(?), velar or uvular consonant. |
o | o | moat | |
p | p | span | |
q | q | — | |
r | ɾ | — | Mostly a tapped (possibly a trill in some instances)[1] |
s | s | see | |
t | t | stop | |
th | θ | think | Possibly found in loanwords? |
u | u | fouton | |
v | v | voice | |
y | y | — | |
z | z | zoo |
Phonetics
David J. Peterson has not revealed as much about Astapori Valyrian as he has High Valyrian. Therefore much of the information here will be speculative.
Consonants
Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m [m] | n [n] | (n [n̠ ~ ŋ ~ ɴ]) | |||||
Plosive | voiceless | p [p] | t [t] | k [k] | q [q] | |||
voiced | b [b] | d [d] | g [g] | |||||
Fricative | voiceless | (th [θ]) | s [s] | (kh [x ~ χ]) | h [h] | |||
voiced | v [v] | dh [ð] | z [z] | j [ʒ] | gh [ɣ ~ ʁ] | |||
Lateral | l [l] | |||||||
Rhotic | r [ɾ] |
Notes:
- [n̠], [ŋ] and [ɴ] are in parentheses because they are not phonemes, but allophones of /n/. The phoneme /n/ assimilates to a following velar, uvular, or possibly even palatal consonant.
- [θ] is in parentheses because it occurs only in words of foreign origin, e.g. Dothraki [ˈdoθraki] "Dothraki."
- [x ~ χ] is in parentheses because if it occurs at all (we have no certain attestations) it is only in loanwords. However, if Kraznys mo Nakloz and Missandei are any indication, some speakers may realize /ɣ/ as [x].
Vowels
Astapori Valyrian has 6 phonetically distinct vowels:
Front | Back | |
---|---|---|
Close | i [i], y [y] | u [u] |
Mid | e [e] | o [o] |
Open | a [a] |
Diphthongs
Unlike High Valyrian, Astapori Valyrian has few diphthongs, and such as there are occur rarely. High Valyrian diphthongs generally smoothed out into single vowels, for example HV hae "as" → AV he. However, it appears that HV āe becomes AV ae, as in āeksio → aeske (on the other hand, it does smoothe in dāerves → derve). The diphthong ao is attested in the word vaovaori (the meaning of which is uncertain: it may be "mewling"), and it is likely that at least in some cases this is the outcome of HV āo. Aeske also shows that short "rising diphthongs" regularly smooth out at the end of a word, but it is not clear if this happens in all positions, or how rising diphthongs with a long vowel are affected.