Appendix:Astapori Valyrian pronunciation: Difference between revisions

From The Languages of David J. Peterson
Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
m (Conversion script moved page Appendix:Astapori Valyrian pronunciation to appendix:Astapori Valyrian pronunciation: Converting page titles to lowercase)
(No difference)

Revision as of 00:18, 7 January 2020

The Astapori Valyrian language has 19 consonants, 6 vowels and no glides.

Standard Romanization

Letter IPA English example Notes
a a US bot, UK bath
b b bother
d d dog
dh ð then
e e bait
g g good
gh ɣ ~ ʁ
h h ham
i i beet
j ʒ azure
k k skill
kh x ~ χ Bach, or Chanukkah Only found in loanwords.
l l left
m m man
n n no Assimilates to following palatal(?), velar or uvular consonant.
o o moat
p p span
q q
r ɾ Mostly a tapped (possibly a trill in some instances)[1]
s s see
t t stop
th θ think Possibly found in loanwords?
u u fouton
v v voice
y y
z z zoo

Phonetics

Astapori Valyrian has retained several phonological elements from Ghiscari, as well as innovated new sounds via regular sound changes from High Valyrian.

Consonants

Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m [m] n [n] (n [n̠ ~ ŋ ~ ɴ])
Plosive voiceless p [p] t [t] k [k] q [q]
voiced b [b] d [d] g [g]
Fricative voiceless (th [θ]) s [s] (kh [x ~ χ]) h [h]
voiced v [v] dh [ð] z [z] j [ʒ] gh [ɣ ~ ʁ]
Lateral l [l]
Rhotic r [ɾ]

Notes:

  • [n̠], [ŋ] and [ɴ] are in parentheses because they are not phonemes, but allophones of /n/. The phoneme /n/ assimilates to a following velar, uvular, or possibly even palatal consonant.
  • [θ] is in parentheses because it occurs only in words of foreign origin, e.g. Dothraki [ˈdoθraki] "Dothraki."
  • [x ~ χ] occurs in borrowings, or words that come directly from Ghiscari.

Vowels

Astapori Valyrian has 6 phonetically distinct vowels:

Front Back
Close i [i], y [y] u [u]
Mid e [e] o [o]
Open a [a]

Diphthongs

Unlike High Valyrian, Astapori Valyrian has few diphthongs, and such as there are occur rarely. High Valyrian diphthongs generally smoothed out into single vowels, for example HV hae "as" → AV he. However, it appears that HV āe becomes AV ae, as in āeksioaeske (on the other hand, it does smoothe in dāervesderve). The diphthong ao is attested in the word vaovaori (the meaning of which is uncertain: it may be "mewling"), and it is likely that at least in some cases this is the outcome of HV āo. Aeske also shows that short "rising diphthongs" regularly smooth out at the end of a word, but it is not clear if this happens in all positions, or how rising diphthongs with a long vowel are affected.

Notes