Appendix:Irathient pronunciation

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Standard Romanization

Irathient	IPA	English example	Notes
a	ɑ	father
ai	ɑi	nice
b	b	bad
d	d	deck
e	ɛ	get
ei	e	gate
ə	ə	sofa
f	f	feather	only used in borrowed words, not native to Irathient
g	g	goat	never as in genius
gy	ɟ	close to joke, eggyolk	used for /j/ in borrowed words
h	h	hop	always pronounced, even if at end of a word (except for sh and th digraphs)
hw	ʍ	when
i	i	machine
k	kʰ	kite
l	l	love	always clear, never velarized "dark" [ɫ]
m	m	matter
n	n	never
ng	ŋ	sing	can occur at the start of a word; never as in anger
ngg	ŋg	anger
ny	ɲ	onion
o	o	hope
p	pʰ	pike
r	r	Spanish perro	may reduce to tap in some clusters
s	s	sad
sh	ʃ	shack	used for [tʃ] when borrowing words
t	tʰ	take
th	θ	thin	never as in that
u	u	crude
v	v	very	allophone of /w/ before /u/ and /o/
w	w	war
z	z	zebra

In some online sources /ɑ/ is spelled aa and the schwa /ə/ is spelled with a single a, as in aarko (DJP Tumblr). In that system, the diphthong ai is spelled aai.

Word Stress

• Most words are stressed on the penultimate syllable.
• If a word's final or penultimate syllable contains ə, the stress is antepenultimate.
• Imperatives involve an accent shift towards the end of the word; ǝthít! go! (S1E1).
• Some verb auxiliary forms take a final accent.
• Some possessive suffixes are written attached to the noun, but do not cause a shift in accent, as in rólame my roller (S1E1).
• Borrowed words may have an irregular stress accent.

In dialogue meant for actors, the stress is always indicated with an acute accent.

Phonotactics

Irathient allows various consonant clusters in onsets and codas, the maximal possible syllable is CCCVCCC, most consonants may be geminated but vowel sequences very rarely occur. Words commonly start but rarely end with consonant clusters.

Adjacent obstruents must agree in voicing, voicing assimilation is regressive. Sonorants and [v], an allophone of /w/, do not affect voicing. Syllables do not end with /l/ or /w/, and /h/ does not appear after stops and fricatives.

Vowel harmony

Some affixes contain underspecified high or low vowels that harmonize either with the group /i a/ or the group /u ɛ/.

For instance, the active form of a verb begins with an underspecified low vowel and the passive form with an underspecified high one, so the verb shrazu, whose root is raz, has the active form arazǝ and the passive form irazǝ, but the verb sheligu, whose root is elig, has the active form eneligǝ and the passive form uneligǝ, the prefixes harmonize with the roots' first vowels.