Appendix:Haughòf pronunciation: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 05:30, 27 April 2024
The Haughòf language has consonants, vowels and glides.
Standard Romanization
Letter | IPA | English example | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
a | ɑ | father | |
à | ə | sofa | |
b | b | bog | |
ḅ | bˤ | — | Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat). |
d | d | dog | |
ḍ | dˤ | — | Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat). |
dy | ɟ | gules | |
ḍy | ɟˤ | — | Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat). |
e | e | bait | |
è | ɛ | bed | |
f | ɸ | — | Like the f in Japanese Fukushima. |
g | ɡ | good | |
gh | ɣ | — | Like the r in French rouge or the g in Spanish lago. |
ghw | ɣʷ | — | Like the gu in Spanish agua. |
gw | ɡʷ | penguin | |
h | ħ | — | |
ḥ | ʕ | — | |
i | i | machine | |
k | kʰ | key | |
kh | x | loch (Scottish English) | |
khw | xʷ | — | Like the ju in Spanish juego. |
kw | kʷʰ | quest | |
l | ʟ | hall | |
m | m | man | |
ṃ | mˤ | — | Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat). |
n | n | no | |
ṇ | nˤ | — | Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat). |
ng | ŋ | sing | |
ngw | ŋʷ | ringwall | |
ny | ɲ | onion | |
ṇy | ɲˤ | — | Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat). |
o | o | moat | |
ò | ɔ | lot | |
p | pʰ | pan | |
r | ɹ ~ ɾ | red, battle | |
ṛ | ɹˤ ~ ɾˤ | — | Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat). |
r | ɹʷ ~ ɾʷ | narwhal, beduin | |
s | s | see | |
ṣ | sˤ | — | Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat). |
sh | ç | hue | |
t | tʰ | top | |
ṭ | tˤ | — | Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat). |
ty | c | cue | |
ṭy | cˤ | — | Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat). |
u | u | rude | |
ù | ʊ | hood | |
v | β | — | Like the v in Spanish lavar. |
ṿ | βˤ | — | Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat). |
w | w | wet | |
z | z | zoo | |
ẓ | zˤ | — | Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat). |
zh | ʝ | casual | |
ẓh | ʝˤ | — | Pronounced like the sound above while constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat). |
Phonetics
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Pharyngeal | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | pharyngealized | plain | pharyngealized | labialized | plain | pharyngealized | plain | labialized | |||
Nasal | m | ṃ [mˤ] | n | ṇ [nˤ] | ny [ɲ] | ṇy [ɲˤ] | ng [ŋ] | ngw [ŋʷ] | |||
Plosive | voiceless | p [pʰ] | t [tʰ] | ṭ [tˤ] | ty [cʰ] | ṭy [cˤ] | k [kʰ] | kw [kʷʰ] | |||
voiced | b | ḅ [bˤ] | d | ḍ [dˤ] | dy [ɟ] | ḍy [ɟˤ] | g | gw [ɡʷ] | |||
Fricative | voiceless | f [ɸ] | s | ṣ [sˤ] | sh [ç] | kh [x] | khw [xʷ] | h [ħ] | |||
voiced | v [β] | ṿ [βˤ] | z | ẓ [zˤ] | zh [ʝ] | ẓh [ʝˤ] | gh [ɣ] | ghw [ɣʷ] | ḥ [ʕ] | ||
Approximant | w | r [ɹ ~ ɾ] | ṛ [ɹˤ ~ ɾˤ] | rw [ɹʷ ~ ɾʷ] | l [ʟ] |
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | u | |
Near-close | ù [ʊ] | ||
Close-mid | e | à [ə] | o |
Open-mid | è [ɛ] | ò [ɔ] | |
Open | a [ɑ] |