Appendix:Fjerdan pronunciation: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 08:47, 9 December 2023

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The Fjerdan language has 21 consonants, 9 vowels, and 2 glides.

Letter	IPA	English example	Notes
a	ɑ	father
ai	aj	lie
ä	æ	cat
b	b	bother
ch	tʃ	watch
d	d	dog
e	e ~ ǝ	bait, sofa	Pronounced [ǝ] in unstressed syllables, [e] elsewhere.
f	f	food
g	ɡ	good
h	h ~ ç	ham, huge	Pronounced [ç] after front vowels, [h] elsewhere.
hw	ʍ	what (certain pronunciations)
hy	ç	huge
i	i	machine
j	dʒ	jog
k	k	skill
l	l	left
m	m	man
n	n	no	Assimilates to a following velar consonant.
ng	ŋ	sing
o	o	moat
ö	ø	—	Like the ai in bait pronounced with rounded lips.
p	p	span
r	ʀ	—	Pronounced roughly like the r in French rouge.
s	s	see
sh	ʃ	sheep
t	t	stop
u	u	rude
ü	y	—	Like the i in machine pronounced with rounded lips.
v	v	voice
w	w	wet
y	j	young
zh	ʒ	casual
'	ʔ, ∅	uh-oh, —	The apostrophe is used to write clitics, and does not represent any sound, but it sometimes coincides with an epenthetic [ʔ] when the application of the clitic results in two subsequent vowels, which for example distinguishes a'i [ɑʔi] from ai [aj].

Notes:

Geminates: To pronounce a geminate consonant, simply pronounce it twice. They are written by doubling the consonant letter. In the case of digraphs, only the first letter of the digraph is doubled.

Fjerdan has 21 phonemic consonants and 2 glides:

		Labial	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal		m	n			ng [ŋ]
Stop/Affricate	voiceless	p	t	ch [tʃ]		k		([ʔ])
Stop/Affricate	voiced	b	d	j [dʒ]		ɡ
Fricative	voiceless	f	s	sh [ʃ]	hy [ç]	hw [ʍ]		h
Fricative	voiced	v		zh [ʒ]
Approximant		w	l		y [j]
Trill							r [ʀ]

Fjerdan has 8 phonemic monophthongal vowels:

The Fjerdan language has the diphthong ai [aj].

Some key rules for the phonetic realization of Fjerdan words include:

Word-initial vowels are realized with an epenthetic glottal stop [ʔ] before them.
Vowel sequences are also pronounced with an epenthetic glottal stop between them, where vowel hiatus would otherwise occur.

@@ Line 235: / Line 235: @@
 Some key rules for the phonetic realization of Fjerdan words include:
 * Word-initial vowels are realized with an epenthetic glottal stop [ʔ] before them.
-* Subsequent vowels are also pronounced with a medial epenthetic glottal stop, where vowel hiatus would otherwise occur.
+* Vowel sequences are also pronounced with an epenthetic glottal stop between them, where vowel hiatus would otherwise occur.
 [[Category:Fjerdan language|Pronunciation]]
 [[Category:Pronunciation by language]]