Appendix:Fjerdan pronunciation: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 07:32, 9 December 2023

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The Fjerdan language has 21 consonants, 9 vowels, and 2 glides.

Letter	IPA	English example	Notes
'	ʔ, ∅	uh-oh, —	Not phonemic. Written between two subsequent vowels, where an epenthetic [ʔ] is pronounced, which for example distinguishes a'i [ɑʔi] from ai [aj]. Also used to write clitics, where it does not represent any sound.
a	ɑ	father
ai	aj	lie
ä	æ	cat
b	b	bother
ch	tʃ	watch
d	d	dog
e	e ~ ǝ	bait, sofa	Pronounced [ǝ] in unstressed syllables, [e] elsewhere.
f	f	food
g	ɡ	good
h	h ~ ç	ham, huge	Pronounced [ç] after front vowels, [h] elsewhere.
hw	ʍ	what (certain pronunciations)
hy	ç	huge
i	i	machine
j	dʒ	jog
k	k	skill
l	l	left
m	m	man
n	n	no	Assimilates to a following velar consonant.
ng	ŋ	sing
o	o	moat
ö	ø	—	Like the ai in bait pronounced with rounded lips.
p	p	span
r	ʀ	—	Pronounced roughly like the r in French rouge.
s	s	see
sh	ʃ	sheep
t	t	stop
u	u	rude
ü	y	—	Like the i in machine pronounced with rounded lips.
v	v	voice
w	w	wet
y	j	young
zh	ʒ	casual

Notes:

Geminates: To pronounce a geminate consonant, simply pronounce it twice. They are written by doubling the consonant letter. In the case of digraphs, only the first letter of the digraph is doubled.

Fjerdan has 8 phonemic monophthongal vowels.

The Fjerdan language includes the following diphthong(s):

Some key rules for the phonetic realization of Fjerdan words include:

Word-initial vowels are realized with an epenthetic glottal stop [ʔ] before them, which is not written in the romanization. Subsequent vowels are also pronounced with a medial epenthetic glottal stop, where vowel hiatus would otherwise occur. This glottal stop can co-occur with an apostrophe ( ' ) in the romanization, at least in some cases in order to prevent ambiguity with diphthongs.

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 ==Phonotactics==
 Some key rules for the phonetic realization of Fjerdan words include:
-* Word-initial vowels are realized with an epenthetic glottal stop [ʔ] before them, which is not written in the romanization. Subsequent vowels are also pronounced with a medial epenthetic glottal stop, where vowel hiatus would otherwise occur. This glottal stop can co-occur with a ''' ' ''' in the romanization, at least in some cases, to prevent ambiguity with diphthongs.
+* Word-initial vowels are realized with an epenthetic glottal stop [ʔ] before them, which is not written in the romanization. Subsequent vowels are also pronounced with a medial epenthetic glottal stop, where vowel hiatus would otherwise occur. This glottal stop can co-occur with an apostrophe (''' ' ''') in the romanization, at least in some cases in order to prevent ambiguity with diphthongs.
 [[Category:Fjerdan language|Pronunciation]]
 [[Category:Pronunciation by language]]