Appendix:Haughòf pronunciation: Difference between revisions
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{{LangBar|Haughòf}} | {{LangBar|Haughòf}} | ||
The [[Haughòf language]] has consonants, vowels and | The [[Haughòf language]] has 43 consonants, 9 vowels and 1 glide. | ||
== Standard Romanization == | == Standard Romanization == | ||
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| bˤ | | bˤ | ||
| — | | — | ||
| | | Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''d''' | | '''d''' | ||
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| dˤ | | dˤ | ||
| — | | — | ||
| | | Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''dy''' | | '''dy''' | ||
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| ɟˤ | | ɟˤ | ||
| — | | — | ||
| | | Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''e''' | | '''e''' | ||
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| mˤ | | mˤ | ||
| — | | — | ||
| | | Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''n''' | | '''n''' | ||
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| nˤ | | nˤ | ||
| — | | — | ||
| | | Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''ng''' | | '''ng''' | ||
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| ɲˤ | | ɲˤ | ||
| — | | — | ||
| | | Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''o''' | | '''o''' | ||
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| ɹˤ ~ ɾˤ | | ɹˤ ~ ɾˤ | ||
| — | | — | ||
| | | Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''rw''' | | '''rw''' | ||
| ɹʷ ~ ɾʷ | | ɹʷ ~ ɾʷ | ||
| na'''rwh'''al, be''' | | na'''rwh'''al, be'''dou'''in | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| sˤ | | sˤ | ||
| — | | — | ||
| | | Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''' | | '''sy''' | ||
| ç | | ç | ||
| '''h'''ue | | '''h'''ue | ||
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| tˤ | | tˤ | ||
| — | | — | ||
| | | Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''ty''' | | '''ty''' | ||
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| cˤ | | cˤ | ||
| — | | — | ||
| | | Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''u''' | | '''u''' | ||
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| βˤ | | βˤ | ||
| — | | — | ||
| | | Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''w''' | | '''w''' | ||
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| zˤ | | zˤ | ||
| — | | — | ||
| | | Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''' | | '''zy''' | ||
| ʝ | | ʝ | ||
| ca'''s'''ual | | ca'''s'''ual | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''' | | '''ẓy''' | ||
| ʝˤ | | ʝˤ | ||
| — | | — | ||
| | | Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound. | ||
|} | |} | ||
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! rowspan="2" | Fricative | ! rowspan="2" | Fricative | ||
! <small>voiceless</small> | ! <small>voiceless</small> | ||
| f [ɸ] || || s || ṣ [sˤ] || || | | f [ɸ] || || s || ṣ [sˤ] || || sy [ç] || || kh [x] || khw [xʷ] || h [ħ] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! <small>voiced</small> | ! <small>voiced</small> | ||
| v [β] || ṿ [βˤ] || z || ẓ [zˤ] || || | | v [β] || ṿ [βˤ] || z || ẓ [zˤ] || || zy [ʝ] || ẓy [ʝˤ] || gh [ɣ] || ghw [ɣʷ] || ḥ [ʕ] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Approximant | ! colspan="2" | Approximant |
Latest revision as of 08:10, 27 April 2024
The Haughòf language has 43 consonants, 9 vowels and 1 glide.
Standard Romanization
Letter | IPA | English example | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
a | ɑ | father | |
à | ə | sofa | |
b | b | bog | |
ḅ | bˤ | — | Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound. |
d | d | dog | |
ḍ | dˤ | — | Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound. |
dy | ɟ | eggyolk | |
ḍy | ɟˤ | — | Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound. |
e | e | bait | |
è | ɛ | bed | |
f | ɸ | — | Like the f in Japanese Fukushima. |
g | ɡ | good | |
gh | ɣ | — | Like the r in French rouge or the g in Spanish lago. |
ghw | ɣʷ | — | Like the gu in Spanish agua. |
gw | ɡʷ | penguin | |
h | ħ | — | |
ḥ | ʕ | — | |
i | i | machine | |
k | kʰ | key | |
kh | x | loch (Scottish English) | |
khw | xʷ | — | Like the ju in Spanish juego. |
kw | kʷʰ | quest | |
l | ʟ | hall | |
m | m | man | |
ṃ | mˤ | — | Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound. |
n | n | no | |
ṇ | nˤ | — | Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound. |
ng | ŋ | sing | |
ngw | ŋʷ | ringwall | |
ny | ɲ | onion | |
ṇy | ɲˤ | — | Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound. |
o | o | moat | |
ò | ɔ | lot | |
p | pʰ | pan | |
r | ɹ ~ ɾ | red, battle | |
ṛ | ɹˤ ~ ɾˤ | — | Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound. |
rw | ɹʷ ~ ɾʷ | narwhal, bedouin | |
s | s | see | |
ṣ | sˤ | — | Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound. |
sy | ç | hue | |
t | tʰ | top | |
ṭ | tˤ | — | Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound. |
ty | c | cue | |
ṭy | cˤ | — | Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound. |
u | u | rude | |
ù | ʊ | hood | |
v | β | — | Like the v in Spanish lavar. |
ṿ | βˤ | — | Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound. |
w | w | wet | |
z | z | zoo | |
ẓ | zˤ | — | Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound. |
zy | ʝ | casual | |
ẓy | ʝˤ | — | Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound. |
Phonetics
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Pharyngeal | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | pharyngealized | plain | pharyngealized | labialized | plain | pharyngealized | plain | labialized | |||
Nasal | m | ṃ [mˤ] | n | ṇ [nˤ] | ny [ɲ] | ṇy [ɲˤ] | ng [ŋ] | ngw [ŋʷ] | |||
Plosive | voiceless | p [pʰ] | t [tʰ] | ṭ [tˤ] | ty [cʰ] | ṭy [cˤ] | k [kʰ] | kw [kʷʰ] | |||
voiced | b | ḅ [bˤ] | d | ḍ [dˤ] | dy [ɟ] | ḍy [ɟˤ] | g | gw [ɡʷ] | |||
Fricative | voiceless | f [ɸ] | s | ṣ [sˤ] | sy [ç] | kh [x] | khw [xʷ] | h [ħ] | |||
voiced | v [β] | ṿ [βˤ] | z | ẓ [zˤ] | zy [ʝ] | ẓy [ʝˤ] | gh [ɣ] | ghw [ɣʷ] | ḥ [ʕ] | ||
Approximant | w | r [ɹ ~ ɾ] | ṛ [ɹˤ ~ ɾˤ] | rw [ɹʷ ~ ɾʷ] | l [ʟ] |
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | u | |
Near-close | ù [ʊ] | ||
Close-mid | e | à [ə] | o |
Open-mid | è [ɛ] | ò [ɔ] | |
Open | a [ɑ] |