Appendix:Chakobsa pronunciation: Difference between revisions

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{{LangBar|Chakobsa|Chakobsa dialogue}}
{{LangBar|Chakobsa|Dune|Dinlih}}
 
 


== Standard Romanization ==
== Standard Romanization ==
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! Letter
! Letter
! IPA
! IPA
! English approximation
! Approximation
! Notes
! Notes
|-
|-
| '''''a'''''
| '''a'''
| a
| a
| US b'''o'''t, UK b'''a'''th
| almost like f'''a'''ther", but further forward in the mouth.
| Pronounced like the "a" in "father", but further forward in the mouth.
|
|-
|-
| '''''aa'''''
| '''aa'''
| aː
| aː
| —
| Like '''a''' but held for a longer duration.
| Pronounced like '''a''' but held for a longer duration. ''See [[Wikipedia:Vowel length|lengthened vowels]]''.
|  
|-
|-
| '''''b'''''
| '''b'''
| b
| b
| '''b'''other
| '''b'''other
|
| In certain circumstances (as before '''s'''), it will sound more like '''p''', but the result will be quite natural.
|-
|-
| '''''ch'''''
| '''ch'''
| ʧ
| ʧ
| ea'''ch'''
| ea'''ch'''
| Unlike the sound "ch" in English "chair", there is no discernible puff of air that accompanies this sound. If one holds one's breath while pronouncing the "ch" in English "chair", one will pronounce this sound correctly.
| Unlike the sound "ch" in English "chair", there is no discernible puff of air that accompanies this sound. If one holds one's breath while pronouncing the "ch" in English "chair", one will pronounce this sound correctly.
|-
|-
| '''''d'''''
| '''d'''
| d
| d
| '''d'''og
| '''d'''og
|
|
|-
|-
| '''''dh'''''
| '''dh'''
| ð
| ð
| '''th'''is
| '''th'''is
| ''Never'' pronounced like the "th" in "think".
| ''Never'' pronounced like the "th" in "think".
|-
|-
| '''''e'''''
| '''e'''
| e
| ɛ
| b'''ai'''t
| b'''e'''t
|
|
|-
|-
| '''''f'''''
| '''f'''
| f
| f
| '''f'''og
| '''f'''og
|
|
|-
|-
| '''''g'''''
| '''g'''
| g
| g
| '''g'''ood
| '''g'''ood
| ''Never'' like the "g" in "genius".
| ''Never'' like the "g" in "genius".
|-
|-
| '''''h'''''
| '''h'''
| h
| h
| '''h'''am
| '''h'''am
| This grapheme is always pronounced, even if it comes after another consonant or at the end of a word. The only cases in which it is not pronounced is when it occurs in the digraphs '''ch''', '''dh''', '''sh''', and '''th'''.
| This grapheme is always pronounced, even if it comes after another consonant or at the end of a word. The only cases in which it is not pronounced is when it occurs in the digraphs '''ch''', '''dh''', '''sh''', and '''th'''.
|-
|-
| '''''i'''''
| '''i'''
| i
| i
| b'''ee'''t
| b'''ee'''t
|
|
|-
|-
| '''''ii'''''
| '''ii'''
| iː
| iː
| —
| Like '''i''' but held for a longer duration.
| Pronounced like the '''i''' but held for a longer duration. ''See [[Wikipedia:Vowel length|lengthened vowels]]''.
|  
|-
|-
| '''''j'''''
| '''j'''
| ʤ
| ʤ
| '''j'''u'''dg'''e
| '''j'''u'''dg'''e
|
|
|-
|-
| '''''k'''''
| '''k'''
| k
| k
| s'''k'''y
| s'''k'''y
| This sound features no aspiration. Aspiration is the puff of air that occurs in the "k" in "kill". Compare the "k" in "kill" and the "k" in "skill" (try holding your hand in front of your face when pronouncing both). The High Valyrian "k" should always be pronounced like the "k" in "skill"; never like the "k" in "kill".
| This sound features no aspiration. Aspiration is the puff of air that occurs in the "k" in "kill". Compare the "k" in "kill" and the "k" in "skill" (try holding your hand in front of your face when pronouncing both). The Chakobsa "k" should always be pronounced like the "k" in "skill"; never like the "k" in "kill".
|-
|-
| '''''l'''''
| '''l'''
| l
| l
| '''l'''eft
| '''l'''eft
|
|
|-
|-
| '''''m'''''
| '''m'''
| m
| m
| '''m'''an
| '''m'''an
|
|
|-
|-
| '''''n'''''
| '''n'''
| n
| n
| '''n'''o
| '''n'''o
|  
|  
|-
|-
| '''''o'''''
| '''o'''
| o
| o
| m'''oa'''t
| m'''oa'''t
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|-
|-
| '''q'''
| '''q'''
| [[Wikipedia:Voiceless uvular stop|q]]
| q
| —
| Almost like s'''k'''y, but further back in the mouth.
|
|-
| '''r'''
| ɾ
| Spanish ''pe'''r'''o''.
|
|
|
|-
|-
| '''''r'''''
| '''rr'''
| [[Wikipedia:Alveolar tap|ɾ]]
| r
| —
| Spanish ''pe'''rr'''o''.
|  
|  
|-
|-
| '''''s'''''
| '''s'''
| s
| s
| '''s'''ee
| '''s'''ee
|  
|  
|-
|-
| '''''t'''''
| '''t'''
| t
| t
| s'''t'''op
| s'''t'''op
| This sound features no aspiration. Aspiration is the puff of air that occurs in the "t" in "take". Compare the "t" in "take" and the "t" in "stake" (try holding your hand in front of your face when pronouncing both). The High Valyrian "t" should always be pronounced like the "t" in "stake"; never like the "t" in "take".
| This sound features no aspiration. Aspiration is the puff of air that occurs in the "t" in "take". Compare the "t" in "take" and the "t" in "stake" (try holding your hand in front of your face when pronouncing both). The Chakobsa "t" should always be pronounced like the "t" in "stake"; never like the "t" in "take".
|-
|-
| '''''th'''''
| '''th'''
| θ
| θ
| '''th'''ink
| '''th'''ink
| ''Never'' pronounced like the "th" in "this".
| ''Never'' pronounced like the "th" in "this".
|-
|-
| '''''u'''''
| '''u'''
| u
| u
| cr'''ou'''ton
| cr'''ou'''ton
|
|
|-
|-
| '''''uu'''''
| '''uu'''
| uː
| uː
| —
| Like '''u''' but held for a longer duration.
| Pronounced like the '''u''' but held for a longer duration. ''See [[Wikipedia:Vowel length|lengthened vowels]]''.
|  
|-
|-
| '''''v'''''
| '''v'''
| v
| v
| '''v'''oice
| '''v'''oice
|
|
|-
|-
| '''''w'''''
| '''w'''
| w
| w
| '''w'''ave
| '''w'''ave
|
|
|-
|-
| '''''y'''''
| '''y'''
| j
| j
| '''y'''ak
| '''y'''ak
|  
|  
|-
|-
| '''''z'''''
| '''z'''
| z
| z
| '''z'''oo
| '''z'''oo
|
|
|-
|-
| ''''' ' '''''
| ''' ' '''
| [[Wikipedia:Glottal Stop|ʔ]]
| ʔ
| Like the catch in one's throat that occurs in between the "uh" and "oh" in English "uh-oh".
|  
|  
| Pronounced just like the catch in one's throat that occurs in between the "uh" and "oh" in English "uh-oh".
|}
|}


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One important note about the romanization: If a digraph (e.g. '''dh''', '''sh''', etc.) is doubled, ''only'' the first letter will be doubled (hence, '''ddh''' not '''dhdh'''). The consonant is pronounced like a doubled consonant, though, as actual combinations such as '''d''' followed by '''dh''' are impossible.
One important note about the romanization: If a digraph (e.g. '''dh''', '''sh''', etc.) is doubled, ''only'' the first letter will be doubled (hence, '''ddh''' not '''dhdh'''). The consonant is pronounced like a doubled consonant, though, as actual combinations such as '''d''' followed by '''dh''' are impossible.


{{topic navbox|Phonology}}
== Phonetics ==
Chakobsa has 23 consonants which can also appear in a geminate form.
 
=== Consonants ===
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" |
! Labial
! Dental
! Alveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
! Uvular
! Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
| m [m] ||  || n [n] ||||||||
|-
! rowspan="2" | Plosive
! <small>voiceless</small>
|  ||  || t [t] || ch [ʧ] || k [k] || q [q] || | ' [ʔ]
|-
! <small>voiced</small>
| b [b] ||  || d [d] || j [ʤ] || g [g] || || |
|-
! rowspan="2" | Fricative
! <small>voiceless</small>
| f [f] || th [θ] || s [s] || sh [ʃ]  || || || h [h]
|-
! <small>voiced</small>
| v [v] || dh [ð] || z [z] || || ||  ||
|-
! colspan="2" | Lateral
|  ||  || l [l] || || || ||  |
|-
! colspan="2" | Approximant
| w [w] ||  || r [ɾ] || y [j] || || ||  |
|}
 
=== Vowels ===
Chakobsa has 5 vowels, three of which have phonetically distinct lengths:
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! Close
| i [i], ii [iː]
|
| u [u], uu [uː]
|-
! Mid
| e [ɛ]
|
| o [o]
|-
! Open
|
| a [a], aa [aː]
|
|}


[[Category:Chakobsa language|Phonology]]
[[Category:Chakobsa language|Phonology]]
[[Category:Chakobsa appendices|Pronunciation]]
[[Category:Chakobsa appendices|Pronunciation]]
[[Category:Phonology|Chakobsa]]
[[Category:Pronunciation by language]]
[[Category:Pronunciation by language]]

Latest revision as of 21:50, 22 May 2024

Chakobsa Language Navigation: Home, Phonology, Grammar, Vocabulary, Orthography, Dialogue


Standard Romanization

Letter IPA Approximation Notes
a a almost like father", but further forward in the mouth.
aa aː Like a but held for a longer duration.
b b bother In certain circumstances (as before s), it will sound more like p, but the result will be quite natural.
ch ʧ each Unlike the sound "ch" in English "chair", there is no discernible puff of air that accompanies this sound. If one holds one's breath while pronouncing the "ch" in English "chair", one will pronounce this sound correctly.
d d dog
dh ð this Never pronounced like the "th" in "think".
e ɛ bet
f f fog
g g good Never like the "g" in "genius".
h h ham This grapheme is always pronounced, even if it comes after another consonant or at the end of a word. The only cases in which it is not pronounced is when it occurs in the digraphs ch, dh, sh, and th.
i i beet
ii iː Like i but held for a longer duration.
j ʤ judge
k k sky This sound features no aspiration. Aspiration is the puff of air that occurs in the "k" in "kill". Compare the "k" in "kill" and the "k" in "skill" (try holding your hand in front of your face when pronouncing both). The Chakobsa "k" should always be pronounced like the "k" in "skill"; never like the "k" in "kill".
l l left
m m man
n n no
o o moat
q q Almost like sky, but further back in the mouth.
r ɾ Spanish pero.
rr r Spanish perro.
s s see
t t stop This sound features no aspiration. Aspiration is the puff of air that occurs in the "t" in "take". Compare the "t" in "take" and the "t" in "stake" (try holding your hand in front of your face when pronouncing both). The Chakobsa "t" should always be pronounced like the "t" in "stake"; never like the "t" in "take".
th θ think Never pronounced like the "th" in "this".
u u crouton
uu uː Like u but held for a longer duration.
v v voice
w w wave
y j yak
z z zoo
' ʔ Like the catch in one's throat that occurs in between the "uh" and "oh" in English "uh-oh".

Doubled Consonants

Doubled consonants, or geminates, occur frequently in Chakobsa. To pronounce a doubled consonant, simply pronounce it twice. You might think of it as lingering over the consonant. Think of the "s" sound you pronounce in "Miss Sally". It's a longer "s" than if you pronounce the similar phrase "Miss Ally". The same goes for the doubled consonants of Chakobsa.

One important note about the romanization: If a digraph (e.g. dh, sh, etc.) is doubled, only the first letter will be doubled (hence, ddh not dhdh). The consonant is pronounced like a doubled consonant, though, as actual combinations such as d followed by dh are impossible.

Phonetics

Chakobsa has 23 consonants which can also appear in a geminate form.

Consonants

Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m [m] n [n]
Plosive voiceless t [t] ch [ʧ] k [k] q [q] ' [ʔ]
voiced b [b] d [d] j [ʤ] g [g]
Fricative voiceless f [f] th [θ] s [s] sh [ʃ] h [h]
voiced v [v] dh [ð] z [z]
Lateral l [l]
Approximant w [w] r [ɾ] y [j]

Vowels

Chakobsa has 5 vowels, three of which have phonetically distinct lengths:

Front Central Back
Close i [i], ii [iː] u [u], uu [uː]
Mid e [ɛ] o [o]
Open a [a], aa [aː]
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