Appendix:Væyne Zaanics pronunciation: Difference between revisions
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{{LangBar|Væyne Zaanics}} | |||
The [[Væyne Zaanics language]] has 19 consonants, 13 vowels, and 2 glides. | The [[Væyne Zaanics language]] has 19 consonants, 13 vowels, and 2 glides. | ||
| Line 11: | Line 13: | ||
| '''a''' | | '''a''' | ||
| ɑ, ə | | ɑ, ə | ||
| f'''a'''ther | | f'''a'''ther, sof'''a''' | ||
| Becomes [ə] when unstressed in non-initial and non-pretonic positions, except in syllables ending with w, l, r, y or h. | | Becomes [ə] when unstressed in non-initial and non-pretonic positions, except in syllables ending with w, l, r, y or h. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''æ''' | | '''æ''' | ||
| æ, ə | | æ, ə | ||
| m'''a'''t | | m'''a'''t, sof'''a''' | ||
| Becomes [ə] when unstressed in non-initial and non-pretonic positions, except in syllables ending with w, l, r, y or h. | | Becomes [ə] when unstressed in non-initial and non-pretonic positions, except in syllables ending with w, l, r, y or h. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 36: | Line 38: | ||
| '''ch''' | | '''ch''' | ||
| tʃ, ʃ | | tʃ, ʃ | ||
| '''ch'''eek, | | '''ch'''eek, '''ch'''ic | ||
| Pronounced as an affricate at the beginning of a word and when following a consonant, pronounced as a fricative elsewhere. | | Pronounced as an affricate at the beginning of a word and when following a consonant, pronounced as a fricative elsewhere. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 121: | Line 123: | ||
| '''sch''' | | '''sch''' | ||
| ʃ | | ʃ | ||
| ''' | | '''sch'''muck | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 131: | Line 133: | ||
| '''tch''' | | '''tch''' | ||
| tʃ | | tʃ | ||
| ''' | | wa'''tch''' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 167: | Line 169: | ||
| z | | z | ||
| '''z'''oo | | '''z'''oo | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| '''zj''' | |||
| ʒ | |||
| a'''z'''ure | |||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 174: | Line 181: | ||
==Phonetics== | ==Phonetics== | ||
=== Consonants === | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | |||
! colspan="2" | | |||
! Labial | |||
! Coronal | |||
! Palatal | |||
! Velar | |||
! Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Nasal | |||
| m || n || || || | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Plosive/Affricate | |||
! <small>voiceless</small> | |||
| p || t || ch, tch [tʃ] || k || | |||
|- | |||
! <small>voiced</small> | |||
| b || d || j, dj [dʒ] || g || | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Fricative | |||
! <small>voiceless</small> | |||
| f || þ, tþ [θ], s || ch, sch [ʃ] || gh, cgh [x] || h | |||
|- | |||
! <small>voiced</small> | |||
| v || þ [ð], z || j, zj [ʒ] || gh [ɣ] || | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Sonorant | |||
| w || l, r || y [j] || || | |||
|} | |||
=== | === Vowels === | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
! Front | |||
! Central | |||
! Back | |||
|- | |||
! Close | |||
| i, ii [iː] | |||
| | |||
| u, uu [uː] | |||
|- | |||
! Mid | |||
| e, ee [eː] | |||
| e, o, æ, a [ǝ] | |||
| o, oo [oː] | |||
|- | |||
! Open | |||
| æ [æ], ææ [æː] | |||
| | |||
| a [ɑ], aa [ɑː] | |||
|} | |||
The vowels are divided into “light” (front) and “dark” (back) vowels: | The vowels are divided into “light” (front) and “dark” (back) vowels: | ||
* Light: æ | * Light: æ, e, i and their long counterparts | ||
* Dark: ɑ | * Dark: ɑ, o, u and their long counterparts | ||
These categories play a role in the Yesuþoh script, for example. Schwa /ə/ is also a phonemic vowel, belonging to neither group. | These categories play a role in the Yesuþoh script, for example. Schwa /ə/ is also a phonemic vowel, belonging to neither group. | ||
=== Stress === | |||
Stress falls on the penultimate syllable if it is heavier than the antepenultimate, otherwise it falls on the antepenultimate. Secondary stress is placed on every other syllable radiating outward from the syllable with main stress. | |||
The only exception is that an imperative subject clitic is always stressed even though it is usually the final syllable. | |||
Short non-high vowels are all reduced to /ə/ when unstressed in non-initial and non-pretonic positions, except in syllables ending with /w/, /l/, /r/, /j/ or an underlying /h/. | |||
[[Category:Væyne Zaanics language|Phonology]] | |||
[[Category:Væyne Zaanics appendices|Pronunciation]] | |||
[[Category:Pronunciation by language]] | |||
Latest revision as of 11:10, 1 May 2024
The Væyne Zaanics language has 19 consonants, 13 vowels, and 2 glides.
Standard Romanization
| Letter | IPA | English example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| a | ɑ, ə | father, sofa | Becomes [ə] when unstressed in non-initial and non-pretonic positions, except in syllables ending with w, l, r, y or h. |
| æ | æ, ə | mat, sofa | Becomes [ə] when unstressed in non-initial and non-pretonic positions, except in syllables ending with w, l, r, y or h. |
| b | b | bother | |
| c | k | skill | |
| cgh | x | loch | |
| ch | tʃ, ʃ | cheek, chic | Pronounced as an affricate at the beginning of a word and when following a consonant, pronounced as a fricative elsewhere. |
| d | d | dog | |
| dj | dʒ | jog | |
| e | e, ə | bait, sofa | Becomes [ə] when unstressed in non-initial and non-pretonic positions, except in syllables ending with w, l, r, y or h. |
| f | f | food | |
| g | g | good | |
| gh | x, ɣ | loch, fuego (Spanish) | Voiced between vowels and before voiced consonants, voiceless elsewhere. |
| h | h, silent | ham | Silent in syllable-final position. |
| i | i | machine | |
| j | dʒ, ʒ | jog, azure | Pronounced as an affricate at the beginning of a word and when following a consonant, pronounced as a fricative elsewhere. |
| l | l | left | |
| m | m | man | Does not assimilate. |
| n | n | no | Assimilates to a following consonant. |
| o | o, ə | moat, sofa | Becomes [ə] when unstressed in non-initial and non-pretonic positions, except in syllables ending with w, l, r, y or h. |
| p | p | span | |
| r | r | perro (Spanish) | |
| s | s | see | |
| sch | ʃ | schmuck | |
| t | t | stop | |
| tch | tʃ | watch | |
| tþ | θ | think | |
| þ | θ, ð | think, then | Voiced between vowels and before voiced consonants, voiceless elsewhere. |
| u | u | rude | |
| v | v | voice | |
| w | w | wall | |
| y | j | yawn | |
| z | z | zoo | |
| zj | ʒ | azure |
Notes:
- Long vowels are written by doubling the vowel letter.
Phonetics
Consonants
| Labial | Coronal | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ||||
| Plosive/Affricate | voiceless | p | t | ch, tch [tʃ] | k | |
| voiced | b | d | j, dj [dʒ] | g | ||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | þ, tþ [θ], s | ch, sch [ʃ] | gh, cgh [x] | h |
| voiced | v | þ [ð], z | j, zj [ʒ] | gh [ɣ] | ||
| Sonorant | w | l, r | y [j] | |||
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i, ii [iː] | u, uu [uː] | |
| Mid | e, ee [eː] | e, o, æ, a [ǝ] | o, oo [oː] |
| Open | æ [æ], ææ [æː] | a [ɑ], aa [ɑː] |
The vowels are divided into “light” (front) and “dark” (back) vowels:
- Light: æ, e, i and their long counterparts
- Dark: ɑ, o, u and their long counterparts
These categories play a role in the Yesuþoh script, for example. Schwa /ə/ is also a phonemic vowel, belonging to neither group.
Stress
Stress falls on the penultimate syllable if it is heavier than the antepenultimate, otherwise it falls on the antepenultimate. Secondary stress is placed on every other syllable radiating outward from the syllable with main stress.
The only exception is that an imperative subject clitic is always stressed even though it is usually the final syllable.
Short non-high vowels are all reduced to /ə/ when unstressed in non-initial and non-pretonic positions, except in syllables ending with /w/, /l/, /r/, /j/ or an underlying /h/.