Appendix:Væyne Zaanics pronunciation: Difference between revisions

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The [[Væyne Zaanics language]] has X consonants, 13 vowels, and 2 glides.
{{LangBar|Væyne Zaanics}}
 
The [[Væyne Zaanics language]] has 19 consonants, 13 vowels, and 2 glides.


==Standard Romanization==
==Standard Romanization==
Line 10: Line 12:
|-
|-
| '''a'''
| '''a'''
| ɑ
| ɑ, ə
| f'''a'''ther
| f'''a'''ther, sof'''a'''
|
| Becomes [ə] when unstressed in non-initial and non-pretonic positions, except in syllables ending with w, l, r, y or h.
|-
|-
| '''æ'''
| '''æ'''
| æ
| æ, ə
| m'''a'''t
| m'''a'''t, sof'''a'''
|
| Becomes [ə] when unstressed in non-initial and non-pretonic positions, except in syllables ending with w, l, r, y or h.
|-
|-
| '''b'''
| '''b'''
Line 26: Line 28:
| '''c'''
| '''c'''
| k
| k
| '''c'''at
| s'''k'''ill
|
|-
| '''cgh'''
| x
| lo'''ch'''
|
|
|-
|-
| '''ch'''
| '''ch'''
| tʃ, ʃ
| tʃ, ʃ
| '''ch'''eese, '''ch'''ic
| '''ch'''eek, '''ch'''ic
|
| Pronounced as an affricate at the beginning of a word and when following a consonant, pronounced as a fricative elsewhere.
|-
|-
| '''d'''
| '''d'''
| d
| d
| '''d'''og
| '''d'''og
|
|-
| '''dj'''
| dʒ
| '''j'''og
|
|
|-
|-
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| e, ə
| e, ə
| b'''ai'''t, sof'''a'''
| b'''ai'''t, sof'''a'''
|-
| Becomes [ə] when unstressed in non-initial and non-pretonic positions, except in syllables ending with w, l, r, y or h.
| '''eh'''
| e
| b'''ai'''t
|
|-
|-
| '''f'''
| '''f'''
Line 59: Line 67:
|-
|-
| '''gh'''
| '''gh'''
| ɣ, x
| x, ɣ
| —, lo'''ch'''
| lo'''ch''', ''fue'''g'''o'' (Spanish)
| Like the '''g''' in Spanish ''fue'''g'''o'' or the '''ch''' in lo'''ch'''.
| Voiced between vowels and before voiced consonants, voiceless elsewhere.
|-
|-
| '''h'''
| '''h'''
| h
| h, silent
| '''h'''am
| '''h'''am
|
| Silent in syllable-final position.
|-
|-
| '''i'''
| '''i'''
Line 76: Line 84:
| dʒ, ʒ
| dʒ, ʒ
| '''j'''og, a'''z'''ure
| '''j'''og, a'''z'''ure
|
| Pronounced as an affricate at the beginning of a word and when following a consonant, pronounced as a fricative elsewhere.
|-
| '''k'''
| k
| s'''k'''ill
|
|-
|-
| '''l'''
| '''l'''
Line 91: Line 94:
| m
| m
| '''m'''an
| '''m'''an
|
| Does not assimilate.
|-
|-
| '''n'''
| '''n'''
| n
| n
| '''n'''o
| '''n'''o
| Assimilates to a following velar consonant.
| Assimilates to a following consonant.
|-
|-
| '''o'''
| '''o'''
| o, ə
| o, ə
| m'''oa'''t, sof'''a'''
| m'''oa'''t, sof'''a'''
|
| Becomes [ə] when unstressed in non-initial and non-pretonic positions, except in syllables ending with w, l, r, y or h.
|-
| '''oh'''
| o
| m'''oa'''t
|
|-
|-
| '''p'''
| '''p'''
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| '''r'''
| '''r'''
| r
| r
| —
| ''pe'''rr'''o'' (Spanish)
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| s
| s
| '''s'''ee
| '''s'''ee
|
|-
| '''sch'''
| ʃ
| '''sch'''muck
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| t
| t
| s'''t'''op
| s'''t'''op
|
|-
| '''tch'''
| tʃ
| wa'''tch'''
|
|-
| '''tþ'''
| θ
| '''th'''ink
|  
|  
|-
|-
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| θ, ð
| θ, ð
| '''th'''ink, '''th'''en
| '''th'''ink, '''th'''en
|
| Voiced between vowels and before voiced consonants, voiceless elsewhere.
|-
|-
| '''u'''
| '''u'''
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| z
| z
| '''z'''oo
| '''z'''oo
|
|-
| '''zj'''
| ʒ
| a'''z'''ure
|  
|  
|}
|}


Notes:
Notes:
* Long vowels are written by doubling the vowel letter.  
* Long vowels are written by doubling the vowel letter.


==Phonetics==
==Phonetics==
=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" |
! Labial
! Coronal
! Palatal
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
| m ||  n || || ||
|-
! rowspan="2" | Plosive/Affricate
! <small>voiceless</small>
| p || t || ch, tch [tʃ] || k ||
|-
! <small>voiced</small>
| b || d || j, dj [dʒ] || g ||
|-
! rowspan="2" | Fricative
! <small>voiceless</small>
| f || þ, tþ [θ], s || ch, sch [ʃ] || gh, cgh [x] || h
|-
! <small>voiced</small>
| v || þ [ð], z || j, zj [ʒ] || gh [ɣ] ||
|-
! colspan="2" | Sonorant
| w || l, r || y [j] || ||
|}


===Consonants===
=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|-
! Close
| i, ii [iː]
|
| u, uu [uː]
|-
! Mid
| e, ee [eː]
| e, o, æ, a [ǝ]
| o, oo [oː]
|-
! Open
| æ [æ], ææ [æː]
|
| a [ɑ], aa [ɑː]
|}


===Vowels===
The vowels are divided into “light” (front) and “dark” (back) vowels:
The vowels are divided into “light” (front) and “dark” (back) vowels:


* Light: æ, æː, e, eː, i, iː
* Light: æ, e, i and their long counterparts
* Dark: ɑ, ɑː, o, oː, u, uː
* Dark: ɑ, o, u and their long counterparts


These categories play a role in the Yesuþoh script, for example. Schwa /ə/ is also a phonemic vowel, belonging to neither group.
These categories play a role in the Yesuþoh script, for example. Schwa /ə/ is also a phonemic vowel, belonging to neither group.
=== Stress ===
Stress falls on the penultimate syllable if it is heavier than the antepenultimate, otherwise it falls on the antepenultimate. Secondary stress is placed on every other syllable radiating outward from the syllable with main stress.
The only exception is that an imperative subject clitic is always stressed even though it is usually the final syllable.
Short non-high vowels are all reduced to /ə/ when unstressed in non-initial and non-pretonic positions, except in syllables ending with /w/, /l/, /r/, /j/ or an underlying /h/.
[[Category:Væyne Zaanics language|Phonology]]
[[Category:Væyne Zaanics appendices|Pronunciation]]
[[Category:Pronunciation by language]]

Latest revision as of 11:10, 1 May 2024

Væyne Zaanics Language Navigation: Home, Phonology, Grammar, Vocabulary, Orthography

The Væyne Zaanics language has 19 consonants, 13 vowels, and 2 glides.

Standard Romanization

Letter IPA English example Notes
a ɑ, ə father, sofa Becomes [ə] when unstressed in non-initial and non-pretonic positions, except in syllables ending with w, l, r, y or h.
æ æ, ə mat, sofa Becomes [ə] when unstressed in non-initial and non-pretonic positions, except in syllables ending with w, l, r, y or h.
b b bother
c k skill
cgh x loch
ch tʃ, ʃ cheek, chic Pronounced as an affricate at the beginning of a word and when following a consonant, pronounced as a fricative elsewhere.
d d dog
dj dʒ jog
e e, ə bait, sofa Becomes [ə] when unstressed in non-initial and non-pretonic positions, except in syllables ending with w, l, r, y or h.
f f food
g g good
gh x, ɣ loch, fuego (Spanish) Voiced between vowels and before voiced consonants, voiceless elsewhere.
h h, silent ham Silent in syllable-final position.
i i machine
j dʒ, ʒ jog, azure Pronounced as an affricate at the beginning of a word and when following a consonant, pronounced as a fricative elsewhere.
l l left
m m man Does not assimilate.
n n no Assimilates to a following consonant.
o o, ə moat, sofa Becomes [ə] when unstressed in non-initial and non-pretonic positions, except in syllables ending with w, l, r, y or h.
p p span
r r perro (Spanish)
s s see
sch ʃ schmuck
t t stop
tch tʃ watch
tþ θ think
þ θ, ð think, then Voiced between vowels and before voiced consonants, voiceless elsewhere.
u u rude
v v voice
w w wall
y j yawn
z z zoo
zj ʒ azure

Notes:

  • Long vowels are written by doubling the vowel letter.

Phonetics

Consonants

Labial Coronal Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n
Plosive/Affricate voiceless p t ch, tch [tʃ] k
voiced b d j, dj [dʒ] g
Fricative voiceless f þ, tþ [θ], s ch, sch [ʃ] gh, cgh [x] h
voiced v þ [ð], z j, zj [ʒ] gh [ɣ]
Sonorant w l, r y [j]

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i, ii [iː] u, uu [uː]
Mid e, ee [eː] e, o, æ, a [ǝ] o, oo [oː]
Open æ [æ], ææ [æː] a [ɑ], aa [ɑː]

The vowels are divided into “light” (front) and “dark” (back) vowels:

  • Light: æ, e, i and their long counterparts
  • Dark: ɑ, o, u and their long counterparts

These categories play a role in the Yesuþoh script, for example. Schwa /ə/ is also a phonemic vowel, belonging to neither group.

Stress

Stress falls on the penultimate syllable if it is heavier than the antepenultimate, otherwise it falls on the antepenultimate. Secondary stress is placed on every other syllable radiating outward from the syllable with main stress.

The only exception is that an imperative subject clitic is always stressed even though it is usually the final syllable.

Short non-high vowels are all reduced to /ə/ when unstressed in non-initial and non-pretonic positions, except in syllables ending with /w/, /l/, /r/, /j/ or an underlying /h/.

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