Project:Language treatment

	This is a The Languages of David J. Peterson policy, guideline or common practices page. This is a draft proposal. It is unofficial, and it is unknown whether it is widely accepted by The Languages of David J. Peterson editors.
	Policies – Entries: CFI - EL - NORM - NPOV - QUOTE - REDIR - DELETE. Languages: LT - AXX. Others: BLOCK - BOTS - VOTES.

WT:LT redirects here; you may be looking for information on LiquidThreads.

The distinction between languages and dialects is not clear-cut. A lect that some regard as a dialect of a certain language may be regarded as a full, separate language by others. This page contains a list of languages and their (ISO-code-having) dialects, with notes on whether or not the dialects are treated as separate languages on The Languages of David J. Peterson. If there is no note about the status of a particular language+dialect group, the situation is not yet regulated. If multiple dialects are treated as a single language on The Languages of David J. Peterson, but there is no ISO code that represents all of them, the code of one of the dialects is used as the code for the whole language, or an exceptional code is created (for more, see Project:Languages).

For the most part, this page documents cases where The Languages of David J. Peterson’s treatment of lects deviates from that of the ISO/SIL, e.g. cases where we have merged lects that they have not. Cases where an ISO code has been excluded from The Languages of David J. Peterson altogether (typically because it was too vague to be meaningful) are also documented. Cases where the ISO/SIL itself has merged lects which they formerly granted separate codes, and we have followed suit, are not necessarily documented here.

Discussions about splitting, merging, deleting, adding or renaming lects may be archived to Project:Language treatment/Discussions (WT:LTD). (Do not start or continue discussions on that page; do that in an appropriate community forum, such as WT:BP or WT:RFM.)

List of languages and dialects

Colour coding:

• gcf: This code is treated as a language. Entries in this language are allowed.
• acf: This code is not treated as a separate language. See the "Treatment" column to understand which code should be used instead. In certain cases, these codes may be permitted in etymologies (so-called "etymology-only" languages).
• ber: This code represents a language family. It is not itself a language, although it may have a proto-language (ber-pro).
• cmn: The disposition of this code is complex or unclear. See the "Treatment" column.

Code	Macrolanguage	Subdivisions	Treatment
ak	Akan	fat (Fanti), tw (Twi)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language. (discussion)
sq	Albanian	aae (Arbëreshë Albanian), aat (Arvanitika Albanian), aln (Gheg Albanian), als (Tosk Albanian)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language. (discussion 1, discussion 2)
gsw	Alemannic	wae (Walser)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language. (discussion)
gcf	Antillean Creole	gcf, acf, scf	Antillean Creole is treated as a single language with the code gcf. The ISO had coded two dialects separately, using acf for “Saint Lucian Creole French” and gcf for “Guadeloupean Creole French”. (discussion) San Miguel Creole French, which is also often considered part of Antillean Creole, is treated as a separate language with the code scf.
ar	Arabic	abh (Tajiki Arabic), abv (Baharna Arabic), acm (Iraqi Arabic), acw (Hijazi Arabic), acx (Omani Arabic), acy (Cypriot Arabic), adf (Dhofari Arabic), aeb (Tunisian Arabic), afb (Gulf Arabic), ajp (South Levantine Arabic), apc (North Levantine Arabic), apd (Sudanese Arabic), arb (Standard Arabic), arq (Algerian Arabic), ars (Najdi Arabic), ary (Moroccan Arabic), arz (Egyptian Arabic), auz (Uzbeki Arabic), ayl (Libyan Arabic), ayn (Yemeni Arabic), ayp (North Mesopotamian Arabic), pga (Juba Arabic), shu (Chadian Arabic), ssh (Shihhi Arabic)	Both the macrolanguage and its subdivisions are treated as languages, though not every subdivision with an ISO code or Ethnologue entry is deemed distinct enough for lexicographic division, and the macrolanguage code is used in place of the code (arb) which the ISO gave the standard variety of the language. Jewish varieties of Arabic, for which there have been introduced some spotty ISO codes (ajt, aju, jye, yhd, yud, jrb), are included within the general regional dialects, or the standard variety, of which the bulk of medieval texts falling under the “Judeo-Arabic” label turn out Hebrew-script forms—as also other sectarian or tribal language forms.
sem-ara	Aramaic	arc (Imperial Aramaic), oar (Old Aramaic), aii (Assyrian Neo-Aramaic), aij (Lishanid Noshan), amw (Western Neo-Aramaic), bhn (Bohtan Neo-Aramaic), bjf (Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic), cld (Chaldean Neo-Aramaic), hrt (Hértevin), huy (Hulaulá), jpa (Jewish-Palestinian Aramaic), kqd (Koy Sanjaq Surat), lhs (Mlahsô), lsd (Lishana Deni), mid (Modern Mandaic), myz (Classical Mandaic), sam (Samaritan Aramaic), syc (Syriac; Classical Syriac), syn (Senaya), tmr (Jewish Babylonian Aramaic), trg (Lishán Didán), tru (Turoyo), xrm (Armazic)	Some varieties are treated as languages, others are not: The code oar for “Old Aramaic” (up to 700 B.C.E.) is not used; it has been superseded by arc and syc. “Jewish Babylonian Aramaic” (circa 200–1200 C.E.) is also not allowed L2s, as it has been superseded by arc, but its code tmr is allowed in etymologies. Assyrian Neo-Aramaic (aii) and Chaldean Neo-Aramaic (cld) are currently treated as languages, as are aij, amw, bhn, bjf, hrt, huy, kqd, lhs, lsd, mid, myz, sam, syn, trg, tru, xrm, and arc and syc. jpa and syr (the latter, “Syriac”, being a macrolanguage covering aii and cld; see discussion) are not currently treated as languages.
hy	Armenian	hyw (Western Armenian)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language. (discussion)
ay	Aymara	ayc (Southern Aymara), ayr (Central Aymara)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language. (discussion)
az	Azeri	azb (South Azerbaijani), azj (North Azerbaijani), qxq (Qashqai, Kashkay)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language; dialects, including Afshar and Sonqor, are not. (discussion 1, discussion 2)
bal	Baluchi	bcc (Southern Baluchi/Balochi), bgp (Eastern Baluchi/Balochi), bgn (Western Baluchi/Balochi)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language. (discussion)
lod	Berawan	zbc (Central Berawan), zbe (East Berawan), zbw (West Berawan)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language. (discussion)
ber	Berber	auj (Awjilah), swn (Sawknah), siz (Siwi), cnu (Chenoua), jbe (Judeo-Berber), shi (Tashelhit), tzm (Central Atlas Tamazight), zgh (Standard Moroccan Tamazight), kab (Kabyle), gha (Ghadamès), jbn (Nafusi), sds (Sened), gho (Ghomara), oua (Tagargrent), tjo (Temacine Tamazight), grr (Taznatit), mzb (Tumzabt), sjs (Senhaja Berber), rif (Tarifit), shy (Tachawit), tia (Tidikelt Tamazight), thv (Tahaggart Tamahaq), ttq (Tawallammat Tamajaq), thz (Tayart Tamajeq), taq (Tamasheq), zen (Zenaga)	Only the subdivisions are treated as languages. (discussion 1, discussion 3, discussion 4)
bik	Bikol	agk (Isarog Agta), agz (Mount Iriga Agta), atl (Mount Iraya Agta), bcl (Bikol Central) (Central Bikol), bln (Southern Catanduanes Bicolano), bto (Iriga Bicolano), cts (Northern Catanduanes Bicolano), fbl (West Albay Bikol), lbl (Libon Bikol), rbl (Miraya Bikol), ubl (Buhi'non Bikol)	Only the subdivisions are treated as languages, the macrolanguage is not. (discussion)
bnc	Bontoc	rbk (Northern Bontoc), vbk (Southwestern Bontoc), lbk (Central Bontoc), ebk (Eastern Bontoc), obk (Southern Bontoc)	Only the subdivisions are treated as languages, the macrolanguage is not. (discussion)
bua	Buryat	bxm (Mongolian Buriat), bxr (Russian Buriat), bxu (Chinese Buriat)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language. (discussion 1, discussion 2, discussion 3)
zh	Chinese	cdo (Min Dong), cjy (Jinyu), cnp (Northern Pinghua), cmn (Mandarin), cpx (Puxian Min), csp (Southern Pinghua), czh (Huizhou), czo (Min Zhong), dng (Dungan), gan (Gan), hak (Hakka), hsn (Xiang), ltc (Late Middle Chinese), lzh (Classical Chinese), mnp (Min Bei), nan (Min Nan), och (Old Chinese), wuu (Wu), yue (Yue), zho (inclusive code)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language (superseded discussion; vote). But the romanizations of Standard Mandarin (Hanyu Pinyin) and Standard Cantonese (Jyutping) are allowed as non-lemmas, while the romanization of Hokkien Min Nan (Pe̍h-ōe-jī) and Dungan terms in Cyrillic script and Xiao'erjing are allowed as lemmas (see this guideline).
cr	Cree	atj (Atikamekw), crj (Southern East Cree), crk (Plains Cree), crl (Northern East Cree), crm (Moose Cree), csw (Swampy Cree), cwd (Woods Cree), moe (Montagnais), nsk (Mansaka)	Not yet discussed.
dih	Diegueño	nai-ipa (Ipai), nai-kum (Kumeyaay), nai-tip (Tipai)	Only the subdivisions are treated as languages. (discussion)
dif	Dieri	dit (Dirari)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language.
din	Dinka	dib (South Central Dinka), dik (Southwestern Dinka), dip (Northeastern Dinka), diw (Northwestern Dinka), dks (Southeastern Dinka)	Not yet discussed.
doi	Dogri	dgo (Hindi Dogri), xnr (Kangri)	Not yet discussed.
kzh	Dongolawi (= Kenuzi-Dongola)	dgl (Andaandi / Dongolawi), xnz (Kenzi / Mattoki)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language. (discussion)
ddr	Dhudhuroa	xjt (Yaitmathang)	Only ddr is treated as a language. (discussion)
gmw-ecg	East Central German	sli (Silesian), sxu (Upper Saxon)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language. (It also includes Thuringian, Lusatian German, Erzgebirgisch, and High Prussian.) (discussion 1, discussion 2)
en	English	hwc (Hawaiʻian Creole English), pld (Polari)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language. (discussion of hwc, discussion of pld)
et	Estonian	vro (Võro)	Both the macrolanguage and its subdivision vro are treated as languages, but the macrolanguage code is used in place of the code (ekk) which the ISO gave the standard variety of the language.
evn	Evenki	evn (Evenki), tuw-sol (Solon)	Both Evenki and Solon are treated as languages. (discussion)
ff	Fula	ffm, fub, fuc, fue, fuf, fuh, fui, fuq, fuv	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language. (discussion)
fr	French	roa-gal (Gallo), nrf (Norman – see separate entry in this table), frc (Cajun French / Louisiana French), fr-aca (Acadian French)	Both the macrolanguage fr and its subdivisions roa-gal and nrf are treated as languages. frc and fr-aca are etymology-only languages (and the former is not to be confused with Louisiana Creole French, which is treated as a full language). (discussion of Acadian French)
	Frisian	frr (North Frisian), stq (Saterland Frisian), fy (West Frisian)	The Frisian languages are treated as separate languages.
kmc	Gam	doc (Northern Dong), kmc (Southern Dong)	Gam is treated as a single language with the code kmc. The ISO had coded two dialects separately, using doc for “Northern Dong” and kmc for “Southern Dong”. “Cao Miao” (cov) is tentatively still treated as a separate language, pending further discussion. (discussion)
cel-gau	Gaulish	xtg (Transalpine Gaulish), xcg (Cisalpine Gaulish)	The two varieties of Gaulish have been merged under the code cel-gau, though they may still be separated in etymologies. (discussion)
gba	Gbaya	bdt, gbp, gbq, gmm, gso, gya	Not yet discussed.
gio	Gelao	aou (A'ou), giq (Hagei, Green Gelao), gir (Vandu, Red Gelao), giw (Telue, White Gelao, Duoluo), giu (Mulao), gqu (Qau)	Not yet discussed.
ka	Georgian	jge (Judeo-Georgian)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language. (discussion)
gon	Gondi	gno (Northern Gondi), ggo (Southern Gondi, retired), esg (Aheri Gondi), wsg (Adilabad Gondi)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language. (discussion)
grb	Grebo	gbo, gec, grj, grv, gry, ktj, oub, pye, ted	Not yet discussed.
grc	Greek, Ancient	gkm (Byzantine Greek), gmy (Mycenaean Greek), xmk (Ancient Macedonian)	Among the ancient languages, gmy and xmk are treated as separate languages. gkm is an etymology-only language, as are the various ancient dialects (see the family tree table at Category:Ancient Greek language). (discussions of gkm: discussion 1, discussion 2)
el	Greek, Modern	cpg (Cappadocian Greek), grk-cal (Calabrian Greek), grk-ita (Italiot Greek), grk-mar (Mariupol Greek), tsd (Tsakonian)	Among the modern languages, both the macrolanguage and its subdivisions are treated as languages.
gn	Guaraní	gnw, gug, gui, gun, nhd	Not yet discussed.
hai	Haida	hax (Southern Haida), hdn (Northern Haida)	Not yet discussed.
he	Hebrew	hbo (Biblical Hebrew)	Biblical Hebrew does not have an L2 separate from Hebrew; the code he is used for both. In etymologies, however, the two may be distinguished. (See WT:AHE.)
hmn	Hmong	cqd (Chuanqiandian-cluster Miao), hea (Northern Qiandong Miao), hma (Southern Mashan Hmong), hmc (Central Huishui Hmong), hmd (A-Hmao / Large Flowery Miao), hme (Eastern Huishui Hmong), hmf (Hmong Don), hmg (Southwestern Guiyang Hmong), hmh (Southwestern Huishui Hmong), hmi (Northern Huishui Hmong), hmj (Ge), hml (Luopohe Hmong), hmm (Central Mashan Hmong), hmp (Northern Mashan Hmong), hmq (Eastern Qiandong Miao), hms (Southern Qiandong Miao), hmv (Hmong Do), hmw (Western Mashan Hmong), hmy (Southern Guiyang Hmong), hmz (Hmong Shua), hnj (Hmong Njua), hrm (Horned Miao), huj (Northern Guiyang Hmong), mmr (Western Xiangxi Miao), muq (Eastern Xiangxi Miao), mww (White Hmong), sfm (Small Flowery Miao)	Tentatively, all subvarieties are accepted. The old macrolanguage code blu and the newer macrolanguage code hmn are not used. cqd (Chuanqiandian-cluster Miao) is an umbrella term for various varieties of Hmong in China. (discussion 1, discussion 2)
huv	Huave	hve (San Dionisio del Mar Huave), hvv (Santa María del Mar Huave), hue (San Francisco del Mar Huave), huv (San Mateo del Mar Huave)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language, using the code huv. (discussion)
iu	Inuktitut	ike (Eastern Canadian Inuktitut), ikt (Western Canadian Inuktitut)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language. (discussion)
ik	Inupiak	esi (North Alaskan Inupiatun), esk (Northwest Alaskan Inupiatun)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language.
ill	Iranun	ilm, ilp	In 2015, the ISO split ill into ilm (the Iranun of Malaysia) and ilp (the Iranun of the Philippines). The Languages of David J. Peterson has not made this split at this time.
kdv	Kado	zkd (Kadu proper), zkn (Kanan)	In 2012, the ISO split kdv into zkd and zkn. The Languages of David J. Peterson has not made this split at this time. (discussion)
kln	Kalenjin	enb, eyo, niq, oki, pko, sgc, spy, tec, tuy	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language.
kr	Kanuri	bms (Bilma Kanuri), kau, kbl (Kanembu), kby, knc, krt	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language. (discussion)
kzk	Kazukuru	drr (Dororo), gli (Guliguli)	Only kzk is treated as a language.
kel	Kela-Yela	kel, yel	Kela-Yela is treated as a single language with the code kel. The ISO had coded two dialects separately, using kel for “Kela” and yel for “Yela”.
km	Khmer	khm, kxm	Not yet discussed.
cnk	Khumi Chin	cek (Eastern Khumi)	Only cnk is treated as a language.
ktu	Kituba	mkw	Kituba is treated as a single language with the code ktu. The ISO had coded two dialects separately, using ktu for the variety spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and mkw for the variety spoken in the Republic of the Congo. {discussion)
kv	Komi	koi, kpv	Only the subdivisions are treated as languages. (discussion)
kg	Kongo	kng (Koongo), kwy (San Salvador Kongo), ldi (Laari), yom (Yombe)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language. (discussion)
kok	Konkani	gom, knn	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language.
kpe	Kpelle	gkp, xpe	Not yet discussed.
khi-kun	ǃKung	mwj (Sekele / Maligo), knw (Ekoka ǃKung), oun (ǃOǃKung), gfx (Mangetti Dune ǃXung)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language. (discussion 1, discussion 2, discussion 3)
kjn	Kunjen	olk	Kunjen is treated as a single language with the code kjn. The ISO had coded two dialects separately, using kjn for “Uw Oykangand” and olk for “Uw Olkola”, and had not given codes to the varieties Ogh-Undjan, Kawarrangg, or Athima.
ku	Kurdish	ckb, kmr, sdh	Not yet discussed.
unn	Kurnai	ihw (Bidhawal, Birrdhawal)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as an individual language.
lah	Lahnda	hnd, hno, jat, phr, pmu, pnb, skr, xhe	Not yet discussed.
lv	Latvian	ltg (Latgalian)	Both the macrolanguage and its subdivision ltg are treated as languages, but the macrolanguage code is used in place of the code (lvs) which the ISO gave the standard variety of the language.
del	Lenape (= Delaware)	umu (Munsee), unm (Unami)	Only the subdivisions are treated as languages. (discussion)
lt	Lithuanian	sgs (Samogitian)	Both the macrolanguage and its subdivision sgs are treated as languages.
lrk	Loarki	gda (Gade Lohar)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as an individual language. (discussion)
nds	Low German	nds-de (German Low German) – wep (Westphalian), frs (East Frisian) nds-nl (Dutch Low German) – act (Achterhoeks), drt (Drents), gos (Gronings), sdz (Sallands), stl (Stellingwerfs), twd (Twents), vel (Veluws) pdt (Plautdietsch)	The code nds is deprecated. nds-de is used for German Low German varieties. nds-nl is used for Dutch Low Saxon varieties. Plautdietsch (pdt) is a separate lect. (discussion of language name, discussion of drt, gos, twd, general discussion 1, general discussion 2, discussion of nds-de, general discussion 3 (permalink))
luy	Luhya	bxk, ida, lkb, lko, lks, lri, lrm, lsm, lto, lts, lwg, nle, nyd, rag	Not yet discussed.
xlu	Luwian	hlu	Luwian is treated as a single language with the code xlu. Luwian is written in two scripts, and the ISO had coded each separately, using xlu for “Cuneiform Luwian” and hlu for “Hieroglyphic Luwian”. (discussion, permalink)
mg	Malagasy	bhr (Bara Malagasy), bjq, bmm (Northern Betsimisaraka Malagasy), buc (Bushi), bzc (Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy), mlg, msh, plt, skg, tdx, tkg, txy, xmv, xmw	Only the macrolanguage is treated as an individual language. (discussion 1, discussion 2)
ms	Malay	bjn, btj, bve, bvu, coa, dup, hji, id, jak, jax, kvb, kvr, kxd, lce, lcf, liw, max, meo, mfa, mfb, min, mqg, msi, mui, orn, ors, pel, pse, tmw, urk, vkk, vkt, xmm, zlm, zmi, zsm	The codes zsm, zlm are not used; ms is used instead. The status of the remaining lects remain unclear. (discussion 1, discussion 2, discussion 3, vote 1, vote 2 (Failed votes on unification of Malay and Indonesian), discussion 4, discussion 5)
man	Mandingo	emk, mku, mlq, mnk, msc, mwk, myq	Not yet discussed.
	Mantharta	djl (Jiwarli (macrolanguage code)), dze (Jiwarli (proper)), iin (Thiin), dhr (Tharrgari), wri (Warriyangga)	Jiwarli is treated as a single language with the code djl; the ISO’s split of that code into dze for Jiwarli proper and iin for Thiin has not been followed. However, dhr (Tharrgari) and wri (Warriyangga) have tentatively been retained as languages, rather than being merged, with Jiwarli, into the single language Mantharta. (discussion)
chm	Mari	mhr (Eastern Mari), mrj (Western Mari)	Only the subdivisions are treated as languages, the macrolanguage is not. (discussion 1, discussion 2, discussion 3)
mwr	Marwari	dhd, mtr (Mewari), mve, rwr, swv, wry	Only the macrolanguage Marwari (mwr) and Mewari (mtr) are treated as languages. (discussion 1, discussion 2)
mnt	Maykulan	wnn (Wunumara), xyj (Mayi-Yapi), xyk (Mayi-Kulan), xyt (Mayi-Thakurti)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language. (discussion)
mn	Mongolian	khk (Khalkha Mongolian), mvf (Peripheral Mongolian)	Only the code mn is used for Mongolian; khk is redundant to it and mvf is not usable. Note that Kalmyk (xal) and Buryat (see its entry in this table), which some scholars consider dialects of Mongolian, are treated as independent languages on The Languages of David J. Peterson. (discussion)
mjg	Monguor	xgn-mgr (Mangghuer), xgn-mgl (Mongghul)	Only the subdivisions are treated as languages, the macrolanguage is not. (discussion)
nbf	Na	nru (Narua), nxq (Naxi)	Only the subdivisions are treated as languages, the macrolanguage is not.
nah	Nahuatl	azd (Eastern Durango Nahuatl), azn (Western Durango Nahuatl), azz (Highland Puebla Nahuatl), naz (Coatepec Nahuatl), nch (Central Huasteca Nahuatl), nci (Classical Nahuatl), ncj (Northern Puebla Nahuatl), ncl (Michoacán Nahuatl), ncx (Central Puebla Nahuatl), ngu (Guerrero Nahuatl), nhc (Tabasco Nahuatl), nhe (Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl), nhg (Tetelcingo Nahuatl), nhi (Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl), nhk (Cosoleacaque Nahuatl), nhm (Morelos Nahuatl), nhn (Central Nahuatl), nhp (Pajapan Nahuatl), nhq (Huaxcaleca Nahuatl), nht (Ometepec Nahuatl), nhv (Temascaltepec Nahuatl), nhw (Western Huasteca Nahuatl), nhx (Mecayapan Nahuatl), nhy (Northern Oaxaca Nahuatl), nhz (Santa María La Alta Nahuatl), nlv (Orizaba Nahuatl), nuz (Tlamacazapa Nahuatl), ppl (Pipil), xpo (Pochutec)	The macrolanguage code is deprecated; its subdivisions are treated as languages. (discussion)
mff	Naki	jms (Mashi), buz (Bukwen)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language. (discussion)
	Nambu	nmx (Nama), nkm (Namat), ncm (Nambo), mxw (Namo, Dorro), nex (Neme), nqn (Nen)	Not yet discussed
	Nenets	yrk (Tundra Nenets), syd-fne (Forest Nenets)	Only the subdivisions are treated as languages, the macrolanguage is not. (The code the ISO gave the macrolanguage, yrk, is used for Tundra Nenets.) (discussion) “Yurats” (rts), a barely-attested extinct lect which was probably just a variety of Enets, or a transitional variety between Enets and the Nenets varieties, is excluded for now. (discussion)
ne	Nepali	npi	Only the code ne is used.
	Ngbandi	ngb, deq, ...	deq is not included.
nrf	Norman	roa-nor (Norman), roa-grn (Guernésiais), roa-jer (Jèrriais)	Only the macrolanguage Norman is treated as a language, and the code nrf (which the ISO assigned to Guernésiais and Jèrriais) is used for all varieties of it, which had previously been granted separate exceptional codes. Compare fr. (discussion)
no	Norwegian	nb, nn	In practice, both the macrolanguage and its subdivisions are treated as languages. There has been discussion of either treating only the macrolanguage as a language, or of only treating the subdivisions as languages, but there is no consensus about which of these to do. (discussion 1, discussion 2, discussion 3, discussion 4, discussion 5, discussion 6, stalemated vote)
nkt	Nyika	nkt, nkv	Nyika is treated as a single language with the code nkt. The ISO had coded two regional varieties separately, using nkt for the Nyika of Tanzania and nkv for the Nyika of Malawi and Zambia.
oc	Occitan	prv (Provençal), sdt (Shuadit)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language. prv is an etymology-only language.
oj	Ojibwe	ciw, ojb (Northwestern Ojibwa), ojc (Central Ojibwa), ojg (Eastern Ojibwa), ojs (Severn Ojibwa), ojw (Western Ojibwa), otw (Ottawa)	Both the macrolanguage and its subdivisions are treated as languages, except that the code ciw is not used, having been merged into oj.
fro	Old French	xno (Anglo-Norman), zrp (Judeo-French)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language. xno is an etymology-only language. (discussion)
or	Oriya	ori, ory, ort (Adivasi Oriya), dso (Desiya), spv (Sambalpuri, Kosli, Kosali)	Neither of the three-letter codes the ISO assigned to Oriya proper (ori and ory) is used; instead, only the two-letter code or is used. Of the three other codes the ISO assigned to Oriya varieties, spv is currently not used, while dso and ort are.
mgx	Omati-Mini	jbk (Barikewa), jmw (Mouwase)	Only the subdivisions are treated as languages, the macrolanguage is not.
om	Oromo	gax, gaz, hae (Eastern / Ittu / Qottu / Harar Oromo), orc	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language. (discussion)
kpp	Paku Karen	jkp (Paku Karen), jkm (Mobwa Karen)	In 2012, the ISO split kpp into jkp and jkm. The Languages of David J. Peterson has not made this split at this time. (discussion)
ps	Pashto	pbt (Southern Pashto), pbu (Northern Pashto), pst (Central Pashto), wne (Waneci)	Only the macrolanguage ps and the variety wne (Waneci) are treated as languages.
fa	Persian (= Farsi)	aiq (Aimaq), bhh (Bukhari), deh (Dehwari), haz (Hazaragi), jdt (Judeo-Tat), jpr (Judeo-Persian), pes (Western Persian), phv (Pahlavani), prd, prp, prs (Dari), tg (Tajik), ttt (Tat)	Persian (fa), Tajik (tg), Judeo-Persian (jpr), Bukhari (bhh), Judeo-Tat (jdt), Tat (ttt) and Hazaragi (haz) are treated as separate languages. Western Persian (pes), Eastern Persian / Dari (prs) and Aimaq (aiq) are subsumed into fa. “Parsi” (prp) and “Parsi-Dari” (prd) are spurious and are excluded. The status of deh and phv is unresolved. (discussion of Tajik, of Judeo-Persian and Bukhari, and of Tat, discussion of pes, prs, aiq, haz, deh and phv)
pih	Pitcairn-Norfolk	cpe-pit (Pitcairn), cpe-nor (Norfolk)	For a time, The Languages of David J. Peterson split Pitcairn-Norfolk into two varieties, granting each an exceptional code: Pitcairn was cpe-pit, Norfolk was cpe-nor. That split has been undone; only pih is now treated as a language. (discussion 1, discussion 2)
pl	Polish	csb (Kashubian), zlw-pom (Pomeranian), zlw-slv (Slovincian)	In practice, both the macrolanguage and its subdivisions are treated as languages, although this has not been discussed.
pua	Purepecha	tsz	Purepecha is treated as a single language with the code pua. The ISO had coded two dialects separately, using pua for “Western Purepecha” and tsz for “Eastern Purepecha”. (discussion)
qu	Quechua	cqu (Chilean Quechua), qub, qud, quf, qug, quh, quk, qul, qup, qur, qus, quw, qux, quy, quz, qva, qvc, qve, qvh, qvi, qvj, qvl, qvm, qvn, qvo, qvp, qvs, qvw, qvz, qwa, qwc, qwh, qws, qxa, qxc, qxh, qxl, qxn, qxo, qxp, qxr, qxt, qxu, qxw, qwe-kch	Only the macrolanguage Quechua (qu) and the standardized variety Kichwa (qwe-kch) are treated as languages. (discussion of Kichwa)
raj	Rajasthani	bgq, gda, gju, hoj, mup, wbr	Not yet discussed.
rom	Romani	rmc, rmf, rml, rmn, rmo (Sinte Romani), rmw, rmy	Only the macrolanguage rom and the subdivision rmo have L2 headers, but all of the subdivisions can have nested lines in translations tables. (discussion)
ro	Romanian	mo (Moldavian)	Only the macrolanguage (ro) is treated as a language. (vote)
jya	rGyalrong	sit-sit (Situ), sit-jap (Japhug), sit-tsh (Tshobdun), sit-zbu (Zbu)	Only the subdivisions are treated as languages, the macrolanguage is not. (discussion)
rw	Rwanda-Rundi	rn (Rundi proper), haq (Ha, Giha), suj (Shubi), han (Hangaza), vin (Vinza)	Rwanda-Rundi is treated as a single language with the code rw. The ISO had coded the dialects separately, using rw for “(Kinya)rwanda” and rn for “(Ki)rundi”, etc. (discussion)
nai-spt	Sahaptin	uma, waa, yak, tqn	Both the macrolanguage and its subdivisions are treated as languages.
sc	Sardinian	sdc (Sassarese), sdn (Gallurese), src (Logudorese), sro (Campidanese)	Sassarese (sdc) and Gallurese (sdn) are treated as separate languages; Logudorese (src) and Campidanese (sro) are not. (discussion 1, discussion 2)
seh	Sena	swk	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language.
sel	Selkup	sel-nor (Northern Selkup), sel-sou (Southern Selkup, including Central Selkup)	Northern (sel-nor) and Southern Selkup (sel-sou, including Central Selkup) are treated as separate languages with exceptional language codes.
sh	Serbo-Croatian	bs (Bosnian), hr (Croatian), sr (Serbian), cnr (Montenegrin), kjv (Kajkavian)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language. (See discussion 1, discussion 2, discussion 3, discussion 4, discussion 5, more discussion, this old vote, this discussion of kjv, and many other discussions.)
kqu	Seroa	gku	In 2014, the ISO restricted kqu to ǁKuǁe and split off gku ǂUngkue / ǂKunkwe. The Languages of David J. Peterson has not made this split at this time. (discussion)
den	Slavey	scs, xsl	Not yet discussed.
sw	Swahili	sta, swc, swh, bnt-cmw (Chimwiini)	Only the macrolanguage and Chimwiini bnt-cmw are treated as languages. (discussion of sta)
syr	Syriac		See the entry for “Aramaic”.
tl	Tagalog	fil (Filipino)	Only the macrolanguage (tl) is treated as a language. (vote)
tmh	Tamashek	taq, thv, thz, ttq	Not yet discussed.
bo	Tibetan	bod (Lhasa, Ü, Dbus), adx (Amdo, Panang), khg (Khams), kbg (Khamba), tsk (Tseku), dre (Dolpo), hut (Humla, Limi), lhm (Lhomi, Shing Saapa), muk (Mugom, Mugu), kte (Nubri), ola (Walungge, Gola), thw (Thudam), loy (Lowa, Loke, Mustang), tcn (Tichurong)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language, as well as xct (Classical Tibetan) and otb (Old Tibetan). Other Tibetic languages, such as Dzongkha (dz), are separate.
tid	Tidong	itd, ntd	Only the subdivisions are treated as languages, the macrolanguage is not.
uz	Uzbek	uzn, uzs	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language.
xwk	Wangkumara	xpt (Punthamara), eaa (Karenggapa)	Only the macrolanguage Wangkumara (xwk) is treated as a language, and it is treated as a language, rather than as a dialect of Ngura (which the ISO used to consider a single language with the code nbx).
xww	Wemba-Wemba	rbp (Baraba-Baraba), rnr (Nari-Nari), weg (Wergaia), xwt (Wotjobaluk)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language. (discussion)
wnw	Wintu	nol (Nomlaki), pwi (Patwin), wnw (Wintu)	Both the macrolanguage and its subdivisions are treated as languages. (discussion)
yxl	Yarli	wdk, yga	Only yxl is treated as a language.
yen	Yendang	ynq (Yendang proper), yot (Yotti)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language. (discussion)
yi	Yiddish	ydd, yih	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language. (discussion)
yiy	Yir-Yoront	yyr (Yir-Yoront), yrm (Yirrk-Mel / Yirrk-Thangalkl)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language. (discussion)
yok	Yokuts	nai-ply (Palewyami), nai-bvy (Buena Vista Yokuts), nai-tky (Tule-Kaweah Yokuts), nai-kry (Kings River Yokuts), nai-gsy (Gashowu), nai-svy (Southern Valley Yokuts, including Yawelmani), nai-nvy (Northern Valley Yokuts, including Chukchansi), nai-dly (Delta Yokuts)	Only the subdivisions are treated as languages, the macrolanguage is not.
zap	Zapotec	zaa, zab, zac, zad, zae, zaf, zai, zam, zao, zaq, zar, zas, zat, zav, zaw, zax, zca, zoo, zpa, zpb, zpc, zpd, zpe, zpf, zpg, zph, zpi, zpj, zpk, zpl, zpm, zpn, zpo, zpp, zpq, zpr, zps, zpt, zpu, zpv, zpw, zpx, zpy, zpz, zsr, zte, ztg, ztl, ztm, ztn, ztp, ztq, zts, ztt, ztu, ztx, zty	Not yet discussed.
zza	Zazaki	diq, kiu	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language.
za	Zhuang	zch (Central Hongshuihe Zhuang), zeh (Eastern Hongshuihe Zhuang), zgb (Guibei Zhuang), zgm (Minz Zhuang), zgn (Guibian Zhuang), zhd (Dai Zhuang), zhn (Nong Zhuang), zlj (Liujiang Zhuang), zln (Lianshan Zhuang), zlq (Liuqian Zhuang), zqe (Qiubei Zhuang), zyb (Yongbei Zhuang), zyg (Yang Zhuang), zyj (Youjiang Zhuang), zyn (Yongnan Zhuang), zzj (Zuojiang Zhuang)	Only the macrolanguage is treated as a language. (discussion)

Excluded codes

The following ISO 639-3 codes have been excluded without being subsumed into a single other code:

• bpw (“Bo”, “Po”, “Sorimi”) is excluded for now because its existence as a distinct language is unconfirmed and undocumented, and if it were included, a naming conflict would exist with bgl (discussion).
• bzt (“Brithenig”), a minor constructed language (see WT:CFI § Constructed languages).
• dgu (“Degaru/Dhekaru”), spurious according to Ethnologue (see Dhekaru); it’s a caste, not a language.
• dws (“Dutton World Speedwords”), a minor constructed language (see WT:CFI § Constructed languages).
• ekc, called “Eastern Karnic” by the ISO, is excluded from The Languages of David J. Peterson because it is not clear that there is any data for this “language”, or even that it is a single real language.
• ghc, called “Hiberno-Scottish Gaelic” by the ISO, is treated as Irish (ga) or Scottish (gd) according to whether the word in question is from an Irish text, a Scottish one, or both (discussion).
• gok (“Gowli”), spurious according to Glottolog (see Spurious languages); it’s a caste, not a language.
• jrt (“Jorto”), spurious (discussion).
• luw (“Luo”), an unclassified extinct language, is excluded for now because no includable content in it has been put forth, and if it were included, a naming conflict would exist with luo.
• myi (“Mina (India)”) is excluded because it is spurious. Furthermore, if it were included, a naming conflict would exist with hna.
• vms (“Moksela”) is extinct and unattested (see Moksela language).
• wai (“Wares”), spurious (discussion).
• wwb (“Wakabunga”), an unclassified extinct language, is excluded for now because no includable content in it exists: the only wordlist which was labelled Wakabunga turned out to be Kalkatungu.
• yrs (“Yarsun”), spurious (discussion).
• zba ("Balaibalan"), a minor constructed language (brief discussion).
• zbl (“Blissymbols”, “Blissymbolics”, “Semantography”), a minor constructed language / script (see WT:CFI § Constructed languages).
• zxx, the code for “No linguistic content”.