Appendix:Sondiv pronunciation: Difference between revisions
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The Sondiv language has 18 consonants | {{LangBar|Sondiv|Star-Crossed dialogue}} | ||
The [[Sondiv language]] has 18 consonants and 8 vowels. | |||
== Standard Romanization == | == Standard Romanization == | ||
| Line 7: | Line 9: | ||
! Letter | ! Letter | ||
! IPA | ! IPA | ||
! | ! Example | ||
! Notes | ! Notes | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 63: | Line 65: | ||
| ʒ | | ʒ | ||
| a'''z'''ure | | a'''z'''ure | ||
| | | Spelled with a '''j''' because the show takes place in New Orleans and the language is reminiscent of French. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''k''' | | '''k''' | ||
| Line 92: | Line 94: | ||
| '''on''' | | '''on''' | ||
| ɔ̃ | | ɔ̃ | ||
| '''on'''(''French'') | | '''on''' (''French'') | ||
| A nasal vowel. | | A nasal vowel. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 142: | Line 144: | ||
== Phonetics == | == Phonetics == | ||
Sondiv has nasal vowels | Sondiv has an average-sized phoneme inventory, but is notable for having nasal vowels. | ||
=== Consonants === | === Consonants === | ||
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! colspan="2" | | ! colspan="2" | | ||
! Labial | ! Labial | ||
! | ! Coronal | ||
! Palatal | ! Palatal | ||
! Velar | ! Velar | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Nasal | ! colspan="2" | Nasal | ||
| m [m] || n [n] || | | m [m] || n [n] || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | Plosive | ! rowspan="2" | Plosive | ||
! <small>voiceless</small> | ! <small>voiceless</small> | ||
| p [p] || t [t] || | | p [p] || t [t] || (ch [tʃ]) || k [k] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! <small>voiced</small> | ! <small>voiced</small> | ||
| b [b] || d [d] || || g [g] | | b [b] || d [d] || (j [dʒ]) || g [g] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | Fricative | ! rowspan="2" | Fricative | ||
! <small>voiceless</small> | ! <small>voiceless</small> | ||
| f [f] || s [s] || || || h [h] | | f [f] || (th [θ]), s [s] || (sh [ʃ]) || || h [h] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! <small>voiced</small> | ! <small>voiced</small> | ||
| Line 172: | Line 174: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Lateral | ! colspan="2" | Lateral | ||
| || l [l] || || | | | || l [l] || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Approximant | ! colspan="2" | Approximant | ||
| w [w] || r [ɾ] || y [j] || | | | w [w] || r [ɾ] || y [j] || || | ||
|} | |} | ||
/tʃ/, /dʒ/, /θ/ and /ʃ/ are only found in loanwords. | |||
=== Vowels === | === Vowels === | ||
Sondiv has 8 phonetically distinct vowels: | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
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| a [a] | | a [a] | ||
| an [ɐ̃] | | an [ɐ̃] | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== Stress === | |||
Stress always falls on a word's last syllable in Sondiv, the last syllable of a phrase usually gets the strongest stress. | |||
=== Phonotactics === | |||
Sondiv's syllables generally follow a (C)V(C) structure, but some words end with underlying 2-consonant clusters whose second consonant is only pronounced if a word beginning with a vowel immediately follows and is a part of the same constituent, otherwise they are silent. Similarly, a Sondiv word may end with /h/, which is only pronounced if a word beginning with a vowel immediately follows, otherwise it stays silent. | |||
Many Sondiv stems start with consonant clusters, but since stems do not appear without a prefix, these clusters can never appear word-initially. Most consonants can appear twice in a row, and some vowel sequences can also occur, there are no diphthongs, however. In consonant clusters, the first consonant agrees in voicing with the second. | |||
Syllables may not end with a nasal consonant, since all syllable-final nasals were deleted after the vowels before them became nasalized. Words may not end with /z/, as /z/ merged with /s/ word-finally, /h/ does not appear after consonants, /j/ does not appear before /i/ and turns into /ʒ/ when this happens, and /w/ does not appear before /u/ and turns into /v/ when this happens. | |||
The question particle ''[[yen]]'' is pronounced /jen/ before a word beginning with a vowel if both are emphasized, but if only ''yen'' is emphasized, it is always pronounced /jɛ̃/. | |||
[[Category:Pronunciation by language]] | |||
[[Category:Sondiv language]] | |||
Latest revision as of 09:37, 28 May 2024
The Sondiv language has 18 consonants and 8 vowels.
Standard Romanization
| Letter | IPA | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| a | a | father | It has both a front and back pronunciation. |
| an | ɐ̃ | - | A nasal version of a regular a, but centralized. |
| b | b | bog | |
| d | d | dog | |
| e | e | bait | |
| en | ɛ̃ | prince (French) | A nasal vowel. |
| f | f | food | |
| g | g | good | |
| h | h | ham | |
| i | i | beet | |
| j | ʒ | azure | Spelled with a j because the show takes place in New Orleans and the language is reminiscent of French. |
| k | k | skill | |
| l | l | left | |
| m | m | man | |
| n | n | no | |
| o | o | coat | |
| on | ɔ̃ | on (French) | A nasal vowel. |
| p | p | span | |
| r | ɾ | battle | |
| s | s | see | |
| t | t | stop | |
| u | u | rude | |
| v | v | voice | |
| w | w | wet | |
| y | j | yawn | |
| z | z | zoo |
Phonetics
Sondiv has an average-sized phoneme inventory, but is notable for having nasal vowels.
Consonants
| Labial | Coronal | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m [m] | n [n] | ||||
| Plosive | voiceless | p [p] | t [t] | (ch [tʃ]) | k [k] | |
| voiced | b [b] | d [d] | (j [dʒ]) | g [g] | ||
| Fricative | voiceless | f [f] | (th [θ]), s [s] | (sh [ʃ]) | h [h] | |
| voiced | v [v] | z [z] | zh [ʒ] | |||
| Lateral | l [l] | |||||
| Approximant | w [w] | r [ɾ] | y [j] | |||
/tʃ/, /dʒ/, /θ/ and /ʃ/ are only found in loanwords.
Vowels
Sondiv has 8 phonetically distinct vowels:
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i [i] | u [u] | |
| Mid | e [e], en [ɛ̃] | o [o], on [ɔ̃] | |
| Open | a [a] | an [ɐ̃] |
Stress
Stress always falls on a word's last syllable in Sondiv, the last syllable of a phrase usually gets the strongest stress.
Phonotactics
Sondiv's syllables generally follow a (C)V(C) structure, but some words end with underlying 2-consonant clusters whose second consonant is only pronounced if a word beginning with a vowel immediately follows and is a part of the same constituent, otherwise they are silent. Similarly, a Sondiv word may end with /h/, which is only pronounced if a word beginning with a vowel immediately follows, otherwise it stays silent.
Many Sondiv stems start with consonant clusters, but since stems do not appear without a prefix, these clusters can never appear word-initially. Most consonants can appear twice in a row, and some vowel sequences can also occur, there are no diphthongs, however. In consonant clusters, the first consonant agrees in voicing with the second.
Syllables may not end with a nasal consonant, since all syllable-final nasals were deleted after the vowels before them became nasalized. Words may not end with /z/, as /z/ merged with /s/ word-finally, /h/ does not appear after consonants, /j/ does not appear before /i/ and turns into /ʒ/ when this happens, and /w/ does not appear before /u/ and turns into /v/ when this happens.
The question particle yen is pronounced /jen/ before a word beginning with a vowel if both are emphasized, but if only yen is emphasized, it is always pronounced /jɛ̃/.