Appendix:Haughòf pronunciation: Difference between revisions

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{{LangBar|Haughòf}}
{{LangBar|Haughòf}}


The [[Haughòf language]] has consonants, vowels and glides.
The [[Haughòf language]] has 43 consonants, 9 vowels and 1 glide.


== Standard Romanization ==
== Standard Romanization ==
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|
|
|-
|-
| '''ä'''
| '''à'''
| æ
| ə
| c'''a'''t
| sof'''a'''
|
|
|-
|-
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|
|
|-
|-
| '''ch'''
| '''ḅ'''
| tʃ
| bˤ
| wa'''tch'''
| —
|
| Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
|-
|-
| '''d'''
| '''d'''
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| '''d'''og
| '''d'''og
|
|
|-
| '''ḍ'''
| dˤ
| —
| Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
|-
| '''dy'''
| ɟ
| e'''ggy'''olk
|
|-
| '''ḍy'''
| ɟˤ
| —
| Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
|-
|-
| '''e'''
| '''e'''
Line 42: Line 57:
|
|
|-
|-
| '''ẽ'''
| '''è'''
| ẽ
| ɛ
| c'''an''''t (''American English'')
| b'''e'''d
|  
|
|-
| '''f'''
| ɸ
| —
| Like the '''f''' in Japanese '''''F'''ukushima''.
|-
| '''g'''
| ɡ
| '''g'''ood
|
|-
|-
| '''gh'''
| '''gh'''
| ʀ
| ɣ
| —
| —
| Like the '''r''' in German '''''r'''aus''.
| Like the '''r''' in French '''''r'''ouge'' or the '''g''' in Spanish ''la'''g'''o''.
|-
| '''ghw'''
| ɣʷ
| —
| Like the '''gu''' in Spanish ''a'''gu'''a''.
|-
| '''gw'''
| ɡʷ
| pen'''gu'''in
|
|-
|-
| '''h'''
| '''h'''
| h
| ħ
| '''h'''am
| —
|
|
|-
|-
| ''' '''
| '''ḥ'''
| ɦ
| ʕ
| be'''h'''ind
| —
|
|
|-
|-
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| i
| i
| mach'''i'''ne
| mach'''i'''ne
|
|-
| '''j'''
| dʒ
| '''j'''og
|
|
|-
|-
| '''k'''
| '''k'''
| k
| kʰ
| s'''k'''ill
| '''k'''ey
| This sound  features no aspiration. Aspiration is the puff of air that occurs in the "k" in "key". Compare this with the "k" in "sky", which has no aspiration.
|  
|-
|-
| '''kh'''
| '''kh'''
Line 81: Line 111:
| lo'''ch''' (''Scottish English'')
| lo'''ch''' (''Scottish English'')
|
|
|-
| '''khw'''
| xʷ
| —
| Like the '''ju''' in Spanish '''''ju'''ego''.
|-
| '''kw'''
| kʷʰ
| '''qu'''est
|
|-
|-
| '''l'''
| '''l'''
| l
| ʟ
| '''l'''eft
| ha'''ll'''
|
|-
| '''ly'''
| ʎ
| mi'''lli'''on
|
|
|-
|-
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| '''m'''an
| '''m'''an
|
|
|-
| '''ṃ'''
| mˤ
| —
| Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
|-
|-
| '''n'''
| '''n'''
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| '''n'''o
| '''n'''o
|  
|  
|-
| '''ṇ'''
| nˤ
| —
| Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
|-
|-
| '''ng'''
| '''ng'''
| ŋ
| ŋ
| si'''ng'''
| si'''ng'''
|
|-
| '''ngw'''
| ŋʷ
| ri'''ngw'''all
|  
|  
|-
|-
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|  
|  
|-
|-
| '''ö'''
| '''ṇy'''
| ø
| ɲˤ
| —
| —  
| Like the '''ai''' in "b'''ai'''t" pronounced with rounded lips.
| Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
|-
| '''o'''
| o
| m'''oa'''t
|
|-
|-
| '''õ'''
| '''ò'''
| õ
| ɔ
| d'''on''''t (''American English'')
| l'''o'''t
|  
|
|-
|-
| '''p'''
| '''p'''
| p
| pʰ
| s'''p'''an
| '''p'''an
| This sound features no aspiration. Aspiration is the puff of air that occurs in the "p" in "poke". Compare this with the "p" in "spoke", which has no aspiration.
|   
|-
|-
| '''r'''
| '''r'''
| r
| ɹ ~ ɾ
| —
| '''r'''ed, ba'''tt'''le
| Like the '''rr''' in Spanish ''pe'''rr'''o''.
|
|-
| '''ṛ'''
| ɹˤ ~ ɾˤ
| —  
| Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
|-
| '''rw'''
| ɹʷ ~ ɾʷ
| na'''rwh'''al, be'''dou'''in
|
|-
|-
| '''s'''
| '''s'''
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| '''s'''ee
| '''s'''ee
|  
|  
|-
| '''ṣ'''
| sˤ
| —
| Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
|-
| '''sy'''
| ç
| '''h'''ue
|
|-
|-
| '''t'''
| '''t'''
| t
| tʰ
| s'''t'''op
| '''t'''op
| This sound  features no aspiration. Aspiration is the puff of air that occurs in the "t" in "take". Compare this with the "t" in "stake", which has no aspiration.
|  
|-
| '''ṭ'''
| tˤ
| —
| Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
|-
|-
| '''th'''
| '''ty'''
| θ
| c
| '''th'''in
| '''c'''ue
|  
|  
|-
|-
| '''ts'''
| '''ṭy'''
| ts
| cˤ
| pi'''ts'''
| —
|
| Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
|-
|-
| '''u'''
| '''u'''
| u
| u
| r'''u'''de
| r'''u'''de
|
|
|-
| '''ù'''
| ʊ
| h'''oo'''d
|  
|-
|-
| '''ü'''
| '''v'''
| y
| β
| —
| —
| Like the '''i''' in "mach'''i'''ne" pronounced with rounded lips.
| Like the '''v''' in Spanish ''la'''v'''ar''.
|-
| '''ṿ'''
| βˤ
| —
| Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
|-
|-
| '''w'''
| '''w'''
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|
|
|-
|-
| '''y'''
| '''z'''
| j
| z
| '''y'''es
| '''z'''oo
|
|  
|-
| '''ẓ'''
| zˤ
| —
| Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
|-
|-
| '''zh'''
| '''zy'''
| ʒ
| ʝ
| ca'''s'''ual
| ca'''s'''ual
|
|
|-
| '''ẓy'''
| ʝˤ
| —
| Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
|}
|}


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! rowspan="2" | Plosive
! rowspan="2" | Plosive
! <small>voiceless</small>
! <small>voiceless</small>
| p [pʰ] ||  || t [tʰ] || ṭ [tˤ] ||  || ky [cʰ] || ḳy [cˤ] || k [kʰ] || kw [kʷʰ] ||  
| p [pʰ] ||  || t [tʰ] || ṭ [tˤ] ||  || ty [cʰ] || ṭy [cˤ] || k [kʰ] || kw [kʷʰ] ||  
|-
|-
! <small>voiced</small>
! <small>voiced</small>
| b || ḅ [bˤ] || d || ḍ [dˤ] ||  || gy [ɟ] || ġy [ɟˤ] || g || gw [ɡʷ] ||  
| b || ḅ [bˤ] || d || ḍ [dˤ] ||  || dy [ɟ] || ḍy [ɟˤ] || g || gw [ɡʷ] ||  
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Fricative
! rowspan="2" | Fricative
! <small>voiceless</small>
! <small>voiceless</small>
| f [ɸ] ||  || s || ṣ [sˤ] ||  || ch [ç] ||  || kh [x] || khw [xʷ] || h [ħ]   
| f [ɸ] ||  || s || ṣ [sˤ] ||  || sy [ç] ||  || kh [x] || khw [xʷ] || h [ħ]   
|-
|-
! <small>voiced</small>
! <small>voiced</small>
| v [β] || ṿ [βˤ] || z || ẓ [zˤ] ||  || y [ʝ] || ẏ [ʝˤ] || gh [ɣ] || ghw [ɣʷ] || ḥ [ʕ]  
| v [β] || ṿ [βˤ] || z || ẓ [zˤ] ||  || zy [ʝ] || ẓy [ʝˤ] || gh [ɣ] || ghw [ɣʷ] || ḥ [ʕ]  
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Approximant
! colspan="2" | Approximant
| w ||  || r [ɹ ~ ɾ] || rh [ɹˤ ~ ɾˤ] || rw [ɹʷ ~ ɾʷ] ||  ||  || l [ʟ] ||  ||
| w ||  || r [ɹ ~ ɾ] || ṛ [ɹˤ ~ ɾˤ] || rw [ɹʷ ~ ɾʷ] ||  ||  || l [ʟ] ||  ||
|}
|}


Latest revision as of 08:10, 27 April 2024

Haughòf Language Navigation: Home, Phonology, Grammar, Vocabulary, Orthography

The Haughòf language has 43 consonants, 9 vowels and 1 glide.

Standard Romanization

Letter IPA English example Notes
a ɑ father
à ə sofa
b b bog
ḅ bˤ — Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
d d dog
ḍ dˤ — Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
dy ɟ eggyolk
ḍy ɟˤ — Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
e e bait
è ɛ bed
f ɸ — Like the f in Japanese Fukushima.
g ɡ good
gh ɣ — Like the r in French rouge or the g in Spanish lago.
ghw ɣʷ — Like the gu in Spanish agua.
gw ɡʷ penguin
h ħ —
ḥ ʕ —
i i machine
k kʰ key
kh x loch (Scottish English)
khw xʷ — Like the ju in Spanish juego.
kw kʷʰ quest
l ʟ hall
m m man
ṃ mˤ — Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
n n no
ṇ nˤ — Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
ng ŋ sing
ngw ŋʷ ringwall
ny ɲ onion
ṇy ɲˤ — Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
o o moat
ò ɔ lot
p pʰ pan
r ɹ ~ ɾ red, battle
ṛ ɹˤ ~ ɾˤ — Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
rw ɹʷ ~ ɾʷ narwhal, bedouin
s s see
ṣ sˤ — Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
sy ç hue
t tʰ top
ṭ tˤ — Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
ty c cue
ṭy cˤ — Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
u u rude
ù ʊ hood
v β — Like the v in Spanish lavar.
ṿ βˤ — Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
w w wet
z z zoo
ẓ zˤ — Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.
zy ʝ casual
ẓy ʝˤ — Produced by constricting the pharynx or epiglottis (back of the throat) at the same time as making the above sound.

Phonetics

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Pharyngeal
plain pharyngealized plain pharyngealized labialized plain pharyngealized plain labialized
Nasal m ṃ [mˤ] n ṇ [nˤ] ny [ɲ] ṇy [ɲˤ] ng [ŋ] ngw [ŋʷ]
Plosive voiceless p [pʰ] t [tʰ] ṭ [tˤ] ty [cʰ] ṭy [cˤ] k [kʰ] kw [kʷʰ]
voiced b ḅ [bˤ] d ḍ [dˤ] dy [ɟ] ḍy [ɟˤ] g gw [ɡʷ]
Fricative voiceless f [ɸ] s ṣ [sˤ] sy [ç] kh [x] khw [xʷ] h [ħ]
voiced v [β] ṿ [βˤ] z ẓ [zˤ] zy [ʝ] ẓy [ʝˤ] gh [ɣ] ghw [ɣʷ] ḥ [ʕ]
Approximant w r [ɹ ~ ɾ] ṛ [ɹˤ ~ ɾˤ] rw [ɹʷ ~ ɾʷ] l [ʟ]

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i u
Near-close ù [ʊ]
Close-mid e à [ə] o
Open-mid è [ɛ] ò [ɔ]
Open a [ɑ]
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