Appendix:Bodzvokhan pronunciation: Difference between revisions

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The Astapori Valyrian language has 25 consonants, 8 vowels and 1 glide.
{{LangBar|Bodzvokhan|Bright dialogue}}
 
The Bodzvokhan language has 25 consonants, 8 vowels and 1 glide.


== Standard Romanization ==
== Standard Romanization ==
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| '''b'''other
| '''b'''other
|
|
|-
| '''ch'''
| tʃ
| ea'''ch'''
|
|-
|-
| '''d'''
| '''d'''
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| ə
| ə
| sof'''a'''
| sof'''a'''
|
|-
| '''f'''
| f
| '''f'''ish
|
|
|-
|-
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| '''g'''ood
| '''g'''ood
|
|
|-
| '''gh'''
| ɣ ~ ʁ
| —
| Pronounced roughly like the '''r''' in French '''rouge'''.
|-
|-
| '''h'''
| '''h'''
| ħ
| ħ
| -
| No English equivalent
| You can make this sound by attempting to fog up a mirror.
| You can make this sound by attempting to fog up a mirror.
|-
|-
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| i
| i
| b'''ee'''t
| b'''ee'''t
|
|-
| '''j'''
| dʒ
| '''j'''am
|
|
|-
|-
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| '''ng'''
| '''ng'''
| ŋ
| ŋ
| '''n'''o
| wi'''ng'''
| Assimilates to a following uvular consonant.
|-
| '''ny'''
| ɲ
| Spanish ''se'''ñ'''or''
| Assimilates to a following uvular consonant.
| Assimilates to a following uvular consonant.
|-
|-
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| '''ö'''
| '''ö'''
| œ
| œ
| -
| German ''G'''ö'''ttin''
| Like the '''e''' in b'''e'''t, but with lips rounded.
| Like the '''e''' in b'''e'''t, but with lips rounded.
|-
|-
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| '''q'''
| '''q'''
| q
| q
| —
| No English equivalent
| Like a '''k''', but pronounced further back in the throat, with the back of the tongue contacting the uvula.
| Like a '''k''', but pronounced further back in the throat, with the back of the tongue contacting the uvula.
|-
|-
| '''r'''
| '''r'''
| ɣ~ʁ
| ʁ
| —
| No English equivalent
| Pronounced roughly like the '''r''' in French '''rouge'''.
| Pronounced like the '''r''' in French '''rouge'''.
|-
|-
| '''s'''
| '''s'''
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| '''u'''
| '''u'''
| u
| u
| f'''ou'''ton
| f'''u'''ton
|
|
|-
|-
| '''ü'''
| '''ü'''
| y
| y
| -
| German '''''ü'''ber''
| Like the '''i''' in mach'''i'''ne, but with lips rounded.
| Like the '''i''' in mach'''i'''ne, but with lips rounded.
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| '''y'''
| '''y'''
| y
| j
| —
| '''y'''es
|  
|  
|-
|-
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=== Consonants ===
=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" |  
! colspan="2" |  
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|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
! colspan="2" | Nasal
| m [m] || n [n] || || colspan="2" | ng [ŋ ~ ɴ] ||  
| m [m] || n [n] || ny [ɲ] || colspan="2" | ng [ŋ ~ ɴ] ||  
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Plosive
! rowspan="2" | Plosive
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! rowspan="2" | Fricative
! rowspan="2" | Fricative
! <small>voiceless</small>
! <small>voiceless</small>
| f [f] || s [s] || sh [ʃ]  || colspan="2" | (kh [x ~ χ]) || h [ħ]
| f [f] || s [s] || sh [ʃ]  || colspan="2" | kh [x ~ χ] || h [ħ]
|-
|-
! <small>voiced</small>
! <small>voiced</small>
| v [v] || z [z] || zh [ʒ] || colspan="2" | gh [ɣ ~ ʁ] ||  
| v [v] || z [z] || zh [ʒ] || || ||  
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Lateral
! colspan="2" | Sonorants
|  || l [l] || ||  || ||  
|  || l [l] || y [j] ||  || r [ʁ] ||  
|}
|}


Notes:
Notes:
* [ŋ] is a phoneme in its own right, but [ɴ] is an allophonic nasal that occurs when preceding a uvular consonant.
* [ŋ] is a phoneme in its own right, but [ɴ] is an allophonic nasal that occurs when preceding a uvular consonant.
* The nasals and the liquids may be syllabic.


=== Vowels ===
=== Vowels ===
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|}
|}


The vowel written ''ǝ'' has a native pronunciation of [ə], but is sometimes pronounced [ɨ] under influence from [[Russian language|Russian]].
The vowel written ''ǝ'' has a native pronunciation of [ə], but is sometimes pronounced [ɨ] under influence from [[Russian language|Russian]]. The vowels [i y u ǝ] do not usually occur in the same words as the vowels [ɛ œ ɔ a].


==== Diphthongs ====
==== Diphthongs ====
Bodzvokhan doesn't have any native diphthongs; where they occur, they will have been borrowed.
Bodzvokhan doesn't have any native diphthongs; where they occur, they will have been borrowed.
[[Category:Pronunciation by language]]
[[Category:Bodzvokhan language]]

Latest revision as of 04:30, 14 March 2024

Bodzvokhan Language Navigation: Home, Phonology, Grammar, Vocabulary, Orthography, Dialogue

The Bodzvokhan language has 25 consonants, 8 vowels and 1 glide.

Standard Romanization

Letter IPA English example Notes
a a In between father and what.
b b bother
ch tʃ each
d d dog
dz dz adze
e ɛ bet
ǝ ə sofa
f f fish
g ɡ good
h ħ No English equivalent You can make this sound by attempting to fog up a mirror.
i i beet
j dʒ jam
k k skill
kh x ~ χ Bach, or Chanukkah
l l left
m m man
n n no Assimilates to a following uvular consonant.
ng ŋ wing Assimilates to a following uvular consonant.
ny ɲ Spanish señor Assimilates to a following uvular consonant.
o ɔ caught
ö œ German Göttin Like the e in bet, but with lips rounded.
p p span
q q No English equivalent Like a k, but pronounced further back in the throat, with the back of the tongue contacting the uvula.
r ʁ No English equivalent Pronounced like the r in French rouge.
s s see
sh ʃ sheep
t t stop
ts ts pits
u u futon
ü y German über Like the i in machine, but with lips rounded.
v v voice
y j yes
z z zoo
zh ʒ azure

Phonetics

Bodzvokhan has a high-low vowel harmony system, and is quite unique, phonologically speaking, but it retains some quirks that have come directly from the Russian language through contact and heavy borrowing. These are reflected in the orthography, but not the romanization.

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal
Nasal m [m] n [n] ny [ɲ] ng [ŋ ~ ɴ]
Plosive voiceless p [p] t [t], ts [ts] ch [tʃ] k [k] q [q]
voiced b [b] d [d], dz [dz] j [dʒ] g [g]
Fricative voiceless f [f] s [s] sh [ʃ] kh [x ~ χ] h [ħ]
voiced v [v] z [z] zh [ʒ]
Sonorants l [l] y [j] r [ʁ]

Notes:

  • [ŋ] is a phoneme in its own right, but [ɴ] is an allophonic nasal that occurs when preceding a uvular consonant.
  • The nasals and the liquids may be syllabic.

Vowels

Bodzvokhan has 8 phonetically distinct vowels:

Front Central Back
Close i [i], ü [y] ǝ [ɨ~ə] u [u]
Mid e [ɛ], ö [œ] o [ɔ]
Open a [a]

The vowel written ǝ has a native pronunciation of [ə], but is sometimes pronounced [ɨ] under influence from Russian. The vowels [i y u ǝ] do not usually occur in the same words as the vowels [ɛ œ ɔ a].

Diphthongs

Bodzvokhan doesn't have any native diphthongs; where they occur, they will have been borrowed.

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