Template:La-IPA/documentation
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This template generates pronunciation for Latin terms using Module:la-pronunc. It is generally quite smart; see examples below. Most of the time it is sufficient to copy the term’s spelling (with macrons) into the first parameter, but occasionally you need to help the module out through respellings.
Parameters
|1=
: Term’s spelling, with macrons (possibly respelled as necessary). If omitted, the page title is used.|eccl=1
or|eccl=yes
: Also generate Ecclesiastical pronunciation; Ecclesiastical pronunciation is now generated by default.|vul=1
or|vul=yes
: Also generate Vulgar Latin pronunciation. Defaults to true if the page is in the Reconstruction namespace. (NOTE: This is problematic in that the Vulgar Latin pronunciation varied by area. This assumes the pronunciation of a specific portion of the Italo-Western region, with a 7-vowel system, lenition of intervocalic stops and palatalization of /k/ and /g/ before front vowels.)|classical=0
or|classical=no
: Don’t generate the Classical pronunciation.|ann=
: Add a boldfaced “annotation” before the generated pronunciation. This is intended when multiple pronunciations need to be specified because multiple headwords with different pronunciations are contained in the same etymology section (e.g. the nominative and ablative singular of a feminine noun). Use|ann=1
to generate an annotation based on param 1 (the term’s spelling/respelling). Any other value is included literally as the annotation.|accent=
,|accent2=
, …: Override the default accent qualifier (normally “Classical”, “Ecclesiastical” or “Vulgar”).
Respelling
Normally, it is enough to specify the term’s spelling, with macrons. The following additional marks are supported:
'
(an ASCII apostrophe): Override the position of the stress. Example:{{la-IPA|Ver'gilī}}
..
(an ASCII period): Specify an explicit syllable boundary. This also prevents certain default rules from operating, e.g. conversion of i to j and u to v word-initially, between vowels and (in the case of i) after certain prefixes (see below).;
(an ASCII semicolon): Specify an optional syllable break in the middle of a cluster that can also be syllabified as an onset. In particular, in many Latin words a syllable break could fall between an obstruent (like /p b t d k g/) and a following liquid (like /r/ or /l/) in poetry, even when the consonants could also form a valid syllable onset._
(an ASCII underscore): If placed between two vowels, cause the vowels to be pronounced as a diphthong when they otherwise wouldn’t (particularly useful in the sequencee_u
).-
(an ASCII hyphen/minus): Denotes a prefix when placed at the end of a word, or a suffix when placed at the beginning of a word. This changes the handling of stress; in particular, a prefix won’t have any stress, and a suffix will be treated as if it had a preceding syllable for the purposes of stress placement (or lack thereof).ë
,ü
(a diaeresis/umlaut): In the sequencesaë
,oë
,aü
forces interpretation of the sequence as two separate vowels rather than a diphthong (e.g.{{la-IPA|coëmō}}
). The same effect can also be achieved by adding a.
between the vowels.ă
,ĕ
,ĭ
,ŏ
,ŭ
(a breve): Indicates a short vowel. Normally this has no effect, but it can be used to force a vocalic interpretation of i or u, e.g. in{{la-IPA|langŭī}}
. The same effect can also be achieved by adding a.
after the i or u.- Macron-breve sequence (e.g.
{{la-IPA|crū̆sta}}
): Indicates that the vowel length is unknown. Two pronunciations will be generated on the same line, one with vowel length and the other with vowel shortness.
The following should additionally be noted:
- Normally, sequences of vowel + obstruent (b d g p t c ph th ch f) + liquid (l r) have a syllable division between the vowel and the obstruent (e.g. ē.brius not ēb.rius). However, an exception is made for occurrences of the prefixes ab-, ad-, ob-, sub- + liquid (l r), which are divided after the prefix (ab.rogō not a.brogō). This will lead to wrong syllable division in occasional false positives, which need to have the syllable division manually specified (e.g. a.bra, a.brotonum).
- Normally, an i before a vowel after a consonant is treated as vocalic; but an exception is made following any of the prefixes ab-, ad-, circum-, con-, dis-, ex-, in-, inter-, ob-, per-, sub-, subter-, super-, trans-, and trāns-, where the i will be treated as consonantal /j/. This will lead to wrong results in occasional false positives (e.g. abiēs, interior and the perfect-stem forms of derivatives of eō, such as adiit, subieram, etc.). In such words, a syllable break
.
should be placed after the i. - u needs to be rewritten as v in words beginning su- where the u is consonantal, e.g. suēscō, suāvis.
- An extra j needs to be added in words such as obiciō (pronounced as if spelled objiciō) and obex (pronounced as if spelled objex).
Examples
1 syllable
{{la-IPA|est}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /est/, [ɛs̠t̪]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /est/, [ɛst̪]
{{la-IPA|cuj}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /kui̯/, [kʊi̯]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /kuj/, [kuj]
2 syllables
{{la-IPA|linō}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈli.noː/, [ˈlɪnoː]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈli.no/, [ˈliːnɔ]
{{la-IPA|majjor}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈmai̯.i̯or/, [ˈmäi̯ːɔr]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈma.jor/, [ˈmɑjːɔr]
{{la-IPA|zmintha}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈzmin.tʰa/, [ˈz̪mɪn̪t̪ʰä]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈd͡zmin.ta/, [ˈd̪͡z̪min̪t̪ɑ]
3 syllables
{{la-IPA|Caphāre_us}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /kaˈpʰaː.reu̯s/, [käˈpʰäːɾɛu̯s̠]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /kaˈfa.reu̯s/, [kɑˈfɑːɾɛu̯s]
{{la-IPA|dēfensum}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /deːˈfen.sum/, [d̪eːˈfẽːs̠ʊ̃ˑ]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /deˈfen.sum/, [d̪ɛˈfɛnsum]
{{la-IPA|hominis}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈho.mi.nis/, [ˈhɔmɪnɪs̠]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈo.mi.nis/, [ˈɔːminis]
{{la-IPA|īnspīrō}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /inˈspiː.roː/, [ĩːˈs̠piːɾoː]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /inˈspi.ro/, [inˈspiːɾɔ]
{{la-IPA|abiēs}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈab.i̯eːs/, [ˈäbi̯eːs̠]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈab.jes/, [ˈɑbjɛs]
{{la-IPA|abjungō}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /abˈi̯un.ɡoː/, [äbˈi̯ʊŋɡoː]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /abˈjun.ɡo/, [ɑbˈjuŋɡɔ]
{{la-IPA|Ver'gilī}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /u̯erˈɡi.liː/, [u̯ɛrˈɡɪliː]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /verˈd͡ʒi.li/, [vɛrˈd͡ʒiːli]
{{la-IPA|Ver.gilī}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈu̯er.ɡi.liː/, [ˈu̯ɛrɡɪliː]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈver.d͡ʒi.li/, [ˈvɛrd͡ʒili]
{{la-IPA|Vergilī}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈu̯er.ɡi.liː/, [ˈu̯ɛrɡɪliː]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈver.d͡ʒi.li/, [ˈvɛrd͡ʒili]
{{la-IPA|subrīdet}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /subˈriː.det/, [s̠ʊbˈriːd̪ɛt̪]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /subˈri.det/, [subˈriːd̪ɛt̪]
{{la-IPA|rubrīca}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ruˈbriː.ka/, [rʊˈbɾiːkä]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ruˈbri.ka/, [ruˈbɾiːkɑ]
4 syllables
{{la-IPA|admixtiō}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /adˈmik.sti.oː/, [äd̪ˈmɪks̠t̪ioː]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /adˈmik.sti.o/, [ɑd̪ˈmikst̪iɔ]
{{la-IPA|aquaeductus}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /a.kʷae̯ˈduk.tus/, [äkʷäe̯ˈd̪ʊkt̪ʊs̠]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /a.kweˈduk.tus/, [ɑkwɛˈd̪ukt̪us]
{{la-IPA|philosophia}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /pʰi.loˈso.pʰi.a/, [pʰɪɫ̪ɔˈs̠ɔpʰiä]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /fi.loˈso.fi.a/, [filɔˈs̬ɔːfiɑ]
{{la-IPA|zōdiacus}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /zoːˈdi.a.kus/, [d̪͡z̪oːˈd̪iäkʊs̠]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /d͡zoˈdi.a.kus/, [d̪͡z̪ɔˈd̪iːɑkus]
{{la-IPA|subrīdeō}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /subˈriː.de.oː/, [s̠ʊbˈriːd̪eoː]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /subˈri.de.o/, [subˈriːd̪ɛɔ]
Explicit syllable division specified
{{la-IPA|Gāi.us}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈɡaːi̯.us/, [ˈɡäːi̯ʊs̠]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈɡaj.us/, [ˈɡɑjus]
{{la-IPA|i.ambus}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /iˈam.bus/, [iˈämbʊs̠]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /iˈam.bus/, [iˈɑmbus]
{{la-IPA|te.sta}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈte.sta/, [ˈt̪ɛs̠t̪ä]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈte.sta/, [ˈt̪ɛːst̪ɑ]
{{la-IPA|to.r.ta}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /toˈr.ta/, [t̪ɔˈɾt̪ä]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /toˈr.ta/, [t̪ɔˈɾt̪ɑ]
{{la-IPA|tor.ta}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈtor.ta/, [ˈt̪ɔrt̪ä]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈtor.ta/, [ˈt̪ɔrt̪ɑ]
Affixes
{{la-IPA|-bilis}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /bi.lis/, [bɪlɪs̠]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /bi.lis/, [bilis]
{{la-IPA|-īnus}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈiː.nus/, [ˈiːnʊs̠]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈi.nus/, [ˈiːnus]
{{la-IPA|-aster}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈas.ter/, [ˈäs̠t̪ɛr]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈas.ter/, [ˈɑst̪ɛr]
{{la-IPA|-issimō}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈis.si.moː/, [ˈɪs̠ːɪmoː]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈis.si.mo/, [ˈisːimɔ]
{{la-IPA|-uus}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /u.us/, [uos̠]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /u.us/, [uːs]
{{la-IPA|-ia}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /i.a/, [iä]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /i.a/, [iɑ]
{{la-IPA|-r.na}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /r.na/, [rnä]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /r.na/, [rnɑ]
{{la-IPA|sēmi-}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /seː.mi/, [s̠eːmɪ]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /se.mi/, [sɛmi]
{{la-IPA|sē.m-}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /seː.m/, [s̠eːm]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /se.m/, [sɛm]
{{la-IPA|in-}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /in/, [ɪn]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /in/, [in]
{{la-IPA|ptilo-}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /pti.lo/, [pt̪ɪɫ̪ɔ]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /pti.lo/, [pt̪ilɔ]
Breves, macron-breve sequences, diaereses
{{la-IPA|crū̆sta}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈkruːs.ta/, [ˈkɾuːs̠t̪ä] or IPA(key): /ˈkrus.ta/, [ˈkɾʊs̠t̪ä]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈkrus.ta/, [ˈkɾust̪ɑ]
{{la-IPA|languī}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈlan.ɡʷiː/, [ˈɫ̪äŋɡʷiː]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈlan.ɡwi/, [ˈlɑŋɡwi]
{{la-IPA|langŭī}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈlan.ɡu.iː/, [ˈɫ̪äŋɡuiː]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈlan.ɡu.i/, [ˈlɑŋɡui]
{{la-IPA|coepī}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈkoe̯.piː/, [ˈkoe̯piː]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈt͡ʃe.pi/, [ˈt͡ʃɛːpi]
{{la-IPA|coëmō}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈko.e.moː/, [ˈkoɛmoː]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈko.e.mo/, [ˈkɔːɛmɔ]
Ultimate challenges
{{la-IPA|uīuum}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈu̯iː.u̯um/, [ˈu̯iːu̯õˑ]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈvi.vum/, [ˈviːvum]
{{la-IPA|vīvvm}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈu̯iː.uu̯m/, [ˈu̯iːʊu̯m]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈvi.uvm/, [ˈviːuvm]
{{la-IPA|cujus}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈkui̯.i̯us/, [ˈkʊi̯ːʊs̠]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈku.jus/, [ˈkujus]
{{la-IPA|majus}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈmai̯.i̯us/, [ˈmäi̯ːʊs̠]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈma.jus/, [ˈmɑjːus]
{{la-IPA|trāiectus}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /traːˈi̯ek.tus/, [t̪ɾäːˈi̯ɛkt̪ʊs̠]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /traˈjek.tus/, [t̪ɾɑˈjɛkt̪us]
Ecclesiastical
{{la-IPA|lingua|eccl=yes}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈlin.ɡʷa/, [ˈlɪŋɡʷä]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈlin.ɡwa/, [ˈliŋɡwɑ]
{{la-IPA|Aegyptus|eccl=yes}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ae̯ˈɡyp.tus/, [äe̯ˈɡʏpt̪ʊs̠]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /eˈd͡ʒip.tus/, [ɛˈd͡ʒipt̪us]
{{la-IPA|prōpositiō|eccl=yes}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /proː.poˈsi.ti.oː/, [pɾoːpɔˈs̠ɪt̪ioː]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /pro.poˈsi.t͡si.o/, [pɾɔpɔˈs̬iːt̪͡s̪iɔ]
{{la-IPA|fascis|eccl=yes}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈfas.kis/, [ˈfäs̠kɪs̠]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈfa.ʃis/, [ˈfɑːʃis]
{{la-IPA|pugnus|eccl=yes}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈpuɡ.nus/, [ˈpʊŋnʊs̠]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈpuɲ.ɲus/, [ˈpuɲːus]
{{la-IPA|sciō|eccl=yes}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈski.oː/, [ˈs̠kioː]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈʃi.o/, [ˈʃiːɔ]
{{la-IPA|moenia|eccl=yes}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈmoe̯.ni.a/, [ˈmoe̯niä]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈme.ni.a/, [ˈmɛːniɑ]
{{la-IPA|chalybs|eccl=yes}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈkʰa.lybs/, [ˈkʰälʏps̠]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈka.lips/, [ˈkɑːlips]
{{la-IPA|Athēnae|eccl=yes}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /aˈtʰeː.nae̯/, [äˈt̪ʰeːnäe̯]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /aˈte.ne/, [ɑˈt̪ɛːnɛ]
{{la-IPA|Carthāgō|eccl=yes}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /karˈtʰaː.ɡoː/, [kärˈt̪ʰäːɡoː]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /karˈta.ɡo/, [kɑrˈt̪ɑːɡɔ]
{{la-IPA|Rōma|eccl=yes}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈroː.ma/, [ˈroːmä]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈro.ma/, [ˈrɔːmɑ]
{{la-IPA|kalendae|eccl=yes}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /kaˈlen.dae̯/, [käˈɫ̪ɛn̪d̪äe̯]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /kaˈlen.de/, [kɑˈlɛn̪d̪ɛ]
{{la-IPA|prōloquium|eccl=yes}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /proːˈlo.kʷi.um/, [pɾoːˈɫ̪ɔkʷiʊ̃ˑ]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /proˈlo.kwi.um/, [pɾɔˈlɔːkwium]
{{la-IPA|succēdāne.us|eccl=yes}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /suk.keːˈdaː.ne.us/, [s̠ʊkːeːˈd̪äːneʊs̠]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /sut.t͡ʃeˈda.ne.us/, [sutː͡ʃɛˈd̪ɑːnɛus]
{{la-IPA|disciplīna|eccl=yes}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /dis.kiˈpliː.na/, [d̪ɪs̠kɪˈpliːnä]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /di.ʃiˈpli.na/, [d̪iʃiˈpliːnɑ]
{{la-IPA|chīrurgia|eccl=yes}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /kʰiːˈrur.ɡi.a/, [kʰiːˈɾʊrɡiä]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /kiˈrur.d͡ʒi.a/, [kiˈɾurd͡ʒiɑ]
{{la-IPA|duō|eccl=yes}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈdu.oː/, [ˈd̪uoː]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈdu.o/, [ˈd̪uːɔ]
{{la-IPA|zōna|eccl=yes}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈzoː.na/, [ˈd̪͡z̪oːnä]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈd͡zo.na/, [ˈd̪͡z̪ɔːnɑ]
{{la-IPA|excelsus|eccl=yes}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ekˈskel.sus/, [ɛkˈs̠kɛɫ̪s̠ʊs̠]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ekˈʃel.sus/, [ɛkˈʃɛlsus]
{{la-IPA|hostia|eccl=yes}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈhos.ti.a/, [ˈhɔs̠t̪iä]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈos.ti.a/, [ˈɔst̪iɑ]
{{la-IPA|dēgluttiō|eccl=yes}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /deːˈɡlut.ti.oː/, [d̪eːˈɡɫ̪ʊt̪ːioː]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /deˈɡlut.ti.o/, [d̪ɛˈɡlut̪ːiɔ]
{{la-IPA|admixtiō|eccl=yes}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /adˈmik.sti.oː/, [äd̪ˈmɪks̠t̪ioː]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /adˈmik.sti.o/, [ɑd̪ˈmikst̪iɔ]
{{la-IPA|venit|eccl=yes}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈu̯e.nit/, [ˈu̯ɛnɪt̪]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈve.nit/, [ˈvɛːnit̪]
{{la-IPA|vēnit|eccl=yes}}
: (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈu̯eː.nit/, [ˈu̯eːnɪt̪]- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈve.nit/, [ˈvɛːnit̪]