Appendix:Irathient pronunciation

Standard Orthography

Irathient	IPA	English example	Notes
a	ɑ	father
ai	ɑi	nice
b	b	bad
d	d	deck
e	ɛ	get	never like a in gate
ei	e	gate	never like get
ə	ə	sofa
f	f	feather	only used in borrowed words, not native to Irathient
g	g	goat	never as in genius
gy	ɟ	close to joke, eggyolk	used for /j/ in borrowed words
h	h	hop	always pronounced, even if at end of a word (except for sh and th digraphs)
w	ʍ	when
i	i	machine
k	kʰ	kite
l	l	love	always clear, never velarized "dark" [ɫ]
m	m	matter
n	n	never
ng	ŋ	sing	can occur at the start of a word; never as in anger
ngg	ŋg	anger
ny	ɲ	onion
o	o	hope
p	pʰ	pike
r	r	Spanish perro	may reduce to tap in some clusters
s	s	sad
sh	ʃ	shack	used for [tʃ] when borrowing words
t	tʰ	take
th	θ	thin	never as in that
u	u	crude
v	v	very
w	w	war
z	z	zebra

In some online sources /ɑ/ is spelled aa and the schwa /ə/ is spelled with a single a, as in aarko (DJP Tumblr). In that system the diphthong ai is spelled aai.

Word Stress

• Most words are stressed on the penultimate syllable.
• If a word ends in ə the stress is antepenultimate.
• Imperatives involve an accent shift towards the end of the word; ǝthít! go! (S1E1).
• Some verb auxiliary forms take a final accent.
• Some possessive suffixes are written attached to the noun, but do not cause a shift in accent, as in rólame my roller (S1E1).
• Borrowed words may have an irregular stress accent.

In dialog meant for actors, the stress is always indicated with an acute accent.

Phonotactics and Allophony

• Adjacent obstruents must agree in voicing. Voicing assimilation is regressive. Sonorants do not affect voicing.
• w undergoes fortition to v before u: zlawe singer becomes zlavu in the plural, not *zlawu ([1])
• Coda w and l meld into the previous vowel:
  • aw, al > o (e.g., thelo singing, but tlawe song)
  • ul, uw, el, ew > u
  • iw, il > u, but also palatalizes the previous consonant:
    • s, t, th, h, k > sh
    • z > sh (sometimes > gy)
    • n, ng > ny
    • d, g, l > gy
• Before a coda nasal, e > ei and a > o (e.g., spom tainted meat, plural spamə; drurein an Irathient fruit, plural drurenə)