Appendix:Nulisü pronunciation

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The Nulisü language has 21 consonants, 14 vowels and 1 glide.

Standard Romanization

Letter	IPA	English example	Notes
a	a	father
ã	ã	—	A nasal vowel. Pronounced like the vowel in French danse.
b	b	bog
d	d	dog
dh	ð	this
e	ɛ	get
ë	ɤ	cut
f	f	food
g	ɡ	good
h	h	ham
i	i	machine
ĩ	ĩ	—	A nasal vowel. Pronounced like the im in Portuguese rim.
ï	ɯ	good (Southern California)	Like the oo in "mood" in other English varieties, but with the lips unrounded.
k	k	skill	This sound features no aspiration. Aspiration is the puff of air that occurs in the "k" in "key". Compare this with the "k" in "ski", which has no aspiration.
l	l	left
lh	l̥	—	Pronounced like the above sound, but voicelessly, with great breathiness.
m	m	man
mh	m̥	—	Pronounced like the above sound, but voicelessly, with great breathiness.
n	n	no
nh	n̥	—	Pronounced like the above sound, but voicelessly, with great breathiness.
ng	ŋ	ring
ngh	ŋ̊	—	Pronounced like the above sound, but voicelessly, with great breathiness.
o	o	moat
p	p	span	This sound features no aspiration. Aspiration is the puff of air that occurs in the "p" in "poke". Compare this with the "p" in "spoke", which has no aspiration.
s	s	see
t	t	stop	This sound features no aspiration. Aspiration is the puff of air that occurs in the "t" in "take". Compare this with the "t" in "stake", which has no aspiration.
th	θ	thin
u	u	rude
ũ	ũ	—	A nasal vowel. Pronounced like the um in Portuguese um.
ü	y	—	Like the i in "machine" pronounced with rounded lips, or the ü in German für.
v	v	voice
w	w	wet
z	z	zoo

Notes:

• Long Vowels and Consonants: Held for slightly longer than their short counterparts, and written by doubling the letter. In the case of digraphs or trigraphs, only the first character is doubled.

Phonetics

Consonants

		Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	voiceless	m̥			n̥	ŋ̊
	voiced	m			n	ŋ
Plosive	voiceless	p			t	k
	voiced	b			d	ɡ
Fricative	voiceless		f	θ	s		h
	voiced		v	ð	z
Approximant	voiceless				l̥
	voiced	w			l

Vowels

		Front	Central	Back
Close	unrounded	i		ɯ
	rounded	y		u
	long	iː		uː
	nasalized	ĩ		ũ
Mid	unrounded	ɛ		ɤ
	rounded			o
Open	plain		a
	long		aː
	nasalized		ã

Stress

Primary stress is assigned to the last syllable, unless the penultimate syllable is heavy and the final syllable is light, in which case stress is assigned to the penultimate syllable. Secondary stresses are assigned to every other syllable from the main stress, unless the foot would ordinarily assign stress elsewhere. So, for example, with a nonce form patakaala, the stresses would be [ˌpa.ta.ˈkaː.la].