Appendix:Dothraki Swadesh list

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This is a Swadesh list of words in Dothraki, compared with definitions in English.

Presentation

For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.

American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.

List

No. English Dothraki
Lekh Dothraki
1 I anha
2 you (singular) yer
3 he, she, it me
4 we kisha
5 you (plural) yeri
6 they mori
7 this jin
8 that haz
9 here jinne
10 there hazze
11 who fin
12 what fini
13 where finne
14 when affin
15 how kifinosi
16 not vos
17 all ei
18 many san
19 some loy
20 few loy
21 other eshna
22 one at
23 two akat
24 three sen
25 four tor
26 five mek
27 big zhokwa
28 long neak
29 wide ovah
30 thick nroj
31 heavy ohazh
32 small naqis
33 short fitte
34 narrow thif
35 thin redda
36 woman chiori
37 man (adult male) mahrazh
38 man (human being) voj
39 child yalli
40 wife chiorikem
41 husband mahrazhkem
42 mother mai
43 father ave
44 animal rhoa
45 fish eshina
46 bird zir
47 dog jano
48 louse glen
49 snake gezri
50 worm khewo
51 tree feshith
52 forest qevir
53 stick korikh
54 fruit yot
55 seed elain
56 leaf daeni
57 root garfoth
58 bark (of a tree) dishah
59 flower halah
60 grass hranna
61 rope fiez
62 skin ilek
63 meat gavat
64 blood qoy
65 bone tolorro
66 fat (noun) oiro
67 egg gale
68 horn chiva
69 tail eve
70 feather feldekh
71 hair noreth
72 head nhare
73 ear chare
74 eye tih
75 nose riv
76 mouth gomma
77 tooth vorto
78 tongue (organ) lekh
79 fingernail tirikh
80 foot rhae
81 leg rhae
82 knee vem
83 hand qora
84 wing felde
85 belly gango
86 guts gaoli
87 neck lenta
88 back irge
89 breast odaya
90 heart zhor
91 liver cheno
92 to drink indelat
93 to eat adakhat
94 to bite ostat
95 to suck oshat
96 to spit sikhtelat
97 to vomit qwehat
98 to blow holat
99 to breathe leshitat
100 to laugh jasat
101 to see tihat
102 to hear charat
103 to know nesat
104 to think dirgat
105 to smell achralat
106 to fear rokhat
107 to sleep remekat
108 to live thirat
109 to die drivolat
110 to kill drozhat
111 to fight lajat
112 to hunt fonas
113 to hit lojat
114 to cut rissat
115 to split sachat
116 to stab vindelat
117 to scratch efesalat
118 to dig hilelat
119 to swim zerqolat
120 to fly ovethat
121 to walk ifat
122 to come jadat
123 to lie (as in a bed) chilat
124 to sit annevalat
125 to stand kovarat
126 to turn (intransitive) notat
127 to fall arthasat
128 to give azhat
129 to hold loshat
130 to squeeze efat
131 to rub oldat
132 to wash affisat
133 to wipe nofilat
134 to pull jesat
135 to push gidat
136 to throw ovvethat
137 to tie liwalat
138 to sew madat
139 to count sanneyalat
140 to say astat
141 to sing hoyalat
142 to play ammemat
143 to float qayelat
144 to flow vithalat
145 to freeze jesholat
146 to swell mesolat
147 sun shekh
148 moon jalan
149 star shierak
150 water eveth
151 rain eyel
152 river ashefa
153 lake tozara
154 sea havazh
155 salt zhif
156 stone negwin
157 sand qeshah
158 dust vod
159 earth sorfo
160 cloud fas
161 fog devesh
162 sky asavva
163 wind chaf
164 snow ahesh
165 ice jesh
166 smoke fih
167 fire vorsa
168 ash ikh
169 to burn virsalat
170 road os
171 mountain krazaaj
172 red virzeth
173 green dahaan
174 yellow veltor
175 white zasqa
176 black kazga
177 night ajjalan
178 day asshekh
179 year firesof
180 warm afazhi
181 cold fish
182 full nir
183 new sash
184 old foz
185 good erin
186 bad mel
187 rotten rikh
188 dirty sorf
189 straight nris
190 round fir
191 sharp (as a knife) has
192 dull (as a knife) flech
193 smooth es
194 wet diwe
195 dry ath
196 correct jil
197 near qisi
198 far hezhah
199 right haje
200 left sindarine
201 at she
202 in mra
203 with ma
204 and ma
205 if hash
206 because haji
207 name haze

See also


Swadesh lists
Individual languages
(edit this template)