User:Aegon/High Valyrian Tutorial/1-5

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Lesson 5| The Accusative

Grammar: The Accusative

As you learned in the last lesson, the verb 'sagon' (to be) usually takes the nominative case. Most other verbs take the 'accusative' case.

In a sentence, the accusative is the "what" - in English grammar, this is known as the direct object.

For example: The girl sells the sword.

What did the girl sell? The sword. Thus, sword is the direct object, and when we translate it into High Valyrian:

Example
High Valyrian: Riña korzī liorza.
English: [The, a] girl [the] sword [she] sells.
Explanation: NOMINATIVE ACCUSATIVE VERB

Korze, then, is in the accusative, because it is the direct object.

Again, when an adjective describes a noun in the accusative case, the adjective must agree in number, case, and gender.

Example
High Valyrian: Riña korzī rōve liorza.
English: [The, a] girl [the, a] sword big [she] sells.
Explanation: NOMINATIVE NOUN ACCUSATIVE ADJECTIVE ACCUSATIVE VERB

Because High Valyrian uses cases to mark the subject and the object of a sentence, word order does not matter although it is common to see the accusative immediately before the verb (or a pre-verbal adjective). Consider:

taoba riñe urnes The boy sees the girl
riña taobe urnes The girl sees the boy
riñe taoba videt The boy sees the girl
taobe riña videt The girl sees the boy
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