User:Aegon/High Valyrian Tutorial/Prepositive Declination Tables
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High Valyrian Reference
High Valyrian Noun Declinations
| nom. | acc. | gen. | dat. | loc. | inst. | com. | voc. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1lun. | sg. | a | e | o | ot | ā | osa | oma | us |
| pl. | i | ī | oti | oti | oti | ossi | ommi | is | |
| pauc. | un | uni | uno | unta | unna | ussa | umma | ussa | |
| col. | ar | ari | aro | arta | arra | arza | arma | arza | |
| 1lun. (ia) | sg. | ia | ie | io | iot | iā | ȳsa | ȳma | ȳs |
| pl. | ī | ī | ȳti | ȳti | ȳti | ȳssi | ȳmmi | īs | |
| pauc. | ȳn | ȳni | ȳno | ȳnta | ȳnna | ȳssa | ȳmma | ȳssa | |
| col. | iar | iari | iaro | iarta | iarra | iarza | iarma | iarza | |
| 1aq. | sg. | ar | ri | ro | rot | ār | rosa | roma | us |
| pl. | ri | rī | roti | roti | roti | rossi | rommi | is | |
| pauc. | run | runi | runo | runta | runna | russa | rumma | russa | |
| col. | rar | rari | raro | rarta | rarra | rarza | rarma | rarza | |
| 2lun. | sg. | y | i | o | ot | ȳ | omy | omy | ys |
| pl. | i | ī | oti | oti | ī | ommi | ommi | ys | |
| pauc. | yn | yni | yno | ynty | ynny | yssy | ymmy | yssy | |
| col. | yr | yri | yro | yrty | yrry | yrzy | yrmy | yrzy | |
| 2sol. | sg. | ys | i | o | ot | ȳ | omy | omy | ys |
| pl. | yssy | ī | oti | oti | ī | ommi | ommi | yssys | |
| pauc. | yn | yni | yno | ynty | ynny | yssy | ymmy | yssy | |
| col. | yr | yri | yro | yrty | yrry | yrzy | yrmy | yrzy | |
| 3lun. | sg. | o | o | ō | ot | ot | oso | oso | os |
| pl. | a | a | oti | oti | oti | ossi | ossi | as | |
| pauc. | un | uni | uno | unto | unno | usso | ummo | usso | |
| col. | or | ori | oro | orto | orro | orzo | ormo | orzo | |
| 3lun. (io) | sg. | io | io | iō | iot | iot | ȳso | ȳso | ios |
| pl. | ia | ia | ȳti | ȳti | ȳti | ȳssi | ȳssi | īs | |
| pauc. | ȳn | ȳni | ȳno | ȳnto | ȳnno | ȳsso | ȳmmo | ȳsso | |
| col. | ior | ȳri | ȳro | ȳrto | ȳrro | ȳrzo | ȳrmo | ȳrzo | |
| 3sol. | sg. | os | os | o | ot | ot | oso | oso | os |
| pl. | ossa | ossa | oti | oti | oti | ossi | ossi | ossas | |
| pauc. | un | uni | uno | unto | unno | usso | ummo | usso | |
| col. | or | ori | oro | orto | orro | orzo | ormo | orzo | |
| nom. | acc. | gen. | dat. | loc. | inst. | com. | voc. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3sol. (cont.) | sg. | s | s | ho | hot | hot | so | so | s |
| pl. | hossa | hossa | hoti | hoti | hoti | hossi | hossi | hossas | |
| pauc. | hun | huni | huno | hunto | hunno | husso | hummo | husso | |
| col. | hor | hori | horo | horto | horro | horzo | hormo | horzo | |
| 3sol. (ks) | sg. | s | s | o | ot | ot | so | so | s |
| pl. | ossa | ossa | oti | oti | oti | ossi | ossi | ossas | |
| pauc. | un | uni | uno | unto | unno | usso | ummo | usso | |
| col. | or | ori | oro | orto | orro | orzo | ormo | orzo | |
| 3ter. | sg. | on | on | o | ot | ot | oso | oso | os |
| pl. | a | a | oti | oti | oti | ossi | ossi | as | |
| pauc. | un | uni | uno | unto | unno | usso | ummo | usso | |
| col. | or | ondi | ondo | ondo | orro | orzo | ormo | orzo | |
| 3ter. (ion) | sg. | ion | ion | io | iot | iot | ȳso | ȳso | ios |
| pl. | ia | ia | ȳti | ȳti | ȳti | ȳssi | ȳssi | īs | |
| pauc. | ȳn | ȳni | ȳno | ȳnto | ȳnno | ȳsso | ȳmmo | ȳsso | |
| col. | ior | ȳndi | ȳndo | ȳndo | ȳrro | ȳrzo | ȳrmo | ȳrzo | |
| 3aq. | sg. | or | or | ro | rot | rot | roso | roso | os |
| pl. | ra | ra | roti | roti | roti | rossi | rossi | as | |
| pauc. | run | runi | runo | runto | runno | russo | rummo | russo | |
| col. | ror | rori | roro | rorto | rorro | rorzo | rormo | rorzo | |
| 4lun. | sg. | e | ī | o | ot | ē | ose | ome | ys |
| pl. | i | ī | oti | oti | oti | ossi | ommi | īs | |
| pauc. | in | ini | ino | inte | inne | isse | imme | isse | |
| col. | er | eri | ero | erte | erre | erze | erme | erze | |
| 4sol. | sg. | es | ī | o | ot | ē | ose | ome | ys |
| pl. | esse | ī | oti | oti | oti | ossi | ommi | esses | |
| pauc. | in | ini | ino | inte | inne | isse | imme | isse | |
| col. | er | eri | ero | erte | erre | erze | erme | erze | |
| 4ter. (ien) | sg. | ien | ī | io | iot | iēn | ȳse | ȳme | ies |
| pl. | ī | ī | ȳti | ȳti | ȳti | ȳssi | ȳmmi | rīs | |
| pauc. | ȳn | ȳni | ȳno | ȳnte | ȳnne | ȳsse | ȳmme | ȳsse | |
| col. | ior | ȳndi | ȳndo | ȳnde | ȳrre | ȳrze | ȳrme | ȳrze | |
| nom. | acc. | gen. | dat. | loc. | inst. | com. | voc. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5lun. | sg. | i | i | io | iot | ī | ȳsi | ȳmi | ys |
| pl. | a | a | ȳti | ȳti | ȳti | ȳssi | ȳmmi | as | |
| pauc. | in | ini | ino | inti | inni | issi | immi | issi | |
| col. | ir | iri | iro | irti | irri | irzi | irmi | irzi | |
| 5sol. | sg. | is | is | io | iot | ī | ȳsi | ȳmi | ys |
| pl. | issa | issa | ȳti | ȳti | ȳti | ȳssi | ȳmmi | issas | |
| pauc. | in | ini | ino | inti | inni | issi | immi | issi | |
| col. | ir | iri | iro | irti | irri | irzi | irmi | irzi | |
| 5aq. | sg. | ir | ir | rio | riot | īr | ȳsi | ȳmi | ys |
| pl. | ra | ra | rȳti | rȳti | rȳti | rȳssi | rȳmmi | as | |
| pauc. | rin | rini | rino | rinti | rinni | rissi | rimmi | rissi | |
| col. | rir | riri | riro | rirti | rirri | rirzi | rirmi | rirzi | |
| 5aq. (zir) | sg. | zir | zir | jio | jiot | zīr | jȳsi | jȳmi | zys |
| pl. | ja | ja | jȳti | jȳti | jȳti | jȳssi | jȳmmi | zas | |
| pauc. | jin | jini | jino | jinti | jinni | jissi | jimmi | jissi | |
| col. | jir | jiri | jiro | jirti | jirri | jirzi | jirmi | jirzi | |
| 6for. | sg. | i | i | o | ot | ī | isi | imi | is |
| pl. | i | ī | oti | oti | oti | issi | immi | issis | |
| pauc. | in | ini | ino | inti | inni | issi | immi | issi | |
| col. | ir | iri | iro | irti | irri | irzi | irmi | irzi | |
| 6rcol. | pauc. | uni | unī | unoti | unoti | unoti | ussi | ummi | ussis |
| col. | ari | arī | aroti | aroti | aroti | arzi | armi | arzis | |
| 6rpauc. | pauc. | uni | unī | unoti | unoti | unoti | ussi | ummi | ussis |
| col. | ori | orī | oroti | oroti | oroti | orzi | ormi | orzis | |
Adjective Declinations
Prepositive
| nom. | acc. | gen. | dat. | loc. | inst. | com. | voc. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| adj. I (lun.) | sg. | a | e | o | ot | ā | os | om | us |
| pl. | i | ī | o | o | o | os | om | is | |
| adj. I (sol.) | sg. | ys | i | o | ot | ȳ | os | om | ys |
| pl. | yz | ī | o | o | ī | os | om | yz | |
| adj. I (ter.) | sg. | on | on | o | ot | ot | os | om | os |
| pl. | a | a | o | o | o | os | om | as | |
| adj. I (aq.) | sg. | or | or | ro | rot | rot | ros | rom | os |
| pl. | ra | ra | ro | ro | ro | ros | rom | as | |
| adj. II (lun./sol.) | sg. | e | e | o | ot | ē | os | om | es |
| pl. | i | i | o | o | o | os | om | is | |
| adj. II (ter./aq.) | sg. | ior | ior | ȳr | ȳr | ȳr | ȳs | ȳm | ios |
| pl. | iar | iar | ȳ | ȳ | ȳ | ȳs | ȳm | īs | |
| adj. III (lun./sol.) | sg. | ie | ie | io | iot | iē | ios | iom | ies |
| pl. | ī | ī | io | io | io | ios | iom | īs | |
| adj. III (ter./aq.) | sg. | ior | ior | ȳr | ȳr | ȳr | ȳs | ȳm | ios |
| pl. | iar | iar | ȳ | ȳ | ȳ | ȳs | ȳm | īs |
Postpositive
| nom. | acc. | gen. | dat. | loc. | inst. | com. | voc. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| adj. I (lun.) | sg. | a | e | o | ot | ā | osa | oma | us |
| pl. | i | ī | oti | oti | oti | ossi | ommi | is | |
| adj. I (sol.) | sg. | ys | i | o | ot | ȳ | osy | omy | ys |
| pl. | yzy | ī | oti | oti | ī | ossi | ommi | yzys | |
| adj. I (ter.) | sg. | on | on | o | ot | ot | oso | omo | os |
| pl. | a | a | oti | oti | oti | ossi | ommi | as | |
| adj. I (aq.) | sg. | or | or | ro | rot | rot | roso | romo | os |
| pl. | ra | ra | roti | roti | roti | rossi | rommi | as | |
| adj. II (lun./sol.) | sg. | e | e | o | ot | ē | ose | ome | es |
| pl. | i | i | oti | oti | oti | ossi | ommi | is | |
| adj. II (ter./aq.) | sg. | ior | ior | ȳro | ȳrot | ȳrot | ȳso | ȳmo | ios |
| pl. | iar | iar | ȳti | ȳti | ȳti | ȳssi | ȳmmi | īs | |
| adj. III (lun./sol.) | sg. | ie | ie | io | iot | iē | ȳse | ȳme | ies |
| pl. | ī | ī | ȳti | ȳti | ȳti | ȳssi | ȳmmi | īs | |
| adj. III (ter./aq.) | sg. | ior | ior | ȳro | ȳrot | ȳrot | ȳso | ȳmo | ios |
| pl. | iar | iar | ȳti | ȳti | ȳti | ȳssi | ȳmmi | īs |
Personal Pronouns
| nom. | acc. | gen. | dat. | loc. | inst. | com | voc. | refl. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1s | nyke | yne | yno | ynot | nykē | ynoma | ynoma | nykys | nykēla |
| 2s | ao | avy | aō | aōt | aō | aōma | aōma | aōs | aōla |
| 3s | ziry | ziry | zijo | zijot | zirȳ | zijosy | zijomy | zirys | zirȳla |
| 3s | ūja | ūī | ūō | ūjot | ūjā | josa | joma | ūjus | jāla |
| 1p | īlon | īlōn | īlo | īlot | īlō | īloma | īloma | īlos | īlōnda |
| 2p | jeme | jemī | jemo | jemot | jemē | jemme | jemme | jemys | jemēla |
| 3p | pōnta | pōnte | pōnto | pōntot | pōntā | pōntosa | pōntoma | pōntus | pōntāla |
Relative Pronouns
Headed
| nom. | acc. | gen. | dat. | loc. | inst. | com. | voc. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lun. | sg. | lua | lue | luo | luo | luā | luos | luon | lūs |
| pl. | lī | lī | luo | luo | luo | luos | luon | lis | |
| sol. | sg. | lȳs | lī | luo | luo | lȳ | luos | luon | lȳs |
| pl. | lȳz | lī | luo | luo | lī | luos | luon | lȳz | |
| ter. | sg. | luon | luon | luo | luo | luo | luos | luon | luos |
| pl. | lua | lua | luo | luo | luo | luos | luon | luas | |
| aq. | sg. | luor | luor | luro | luro | luro | luros | luron | luos |
| pl. | lura | lura | luro | luro | luro | luros | luron | luas | |
For the plural solar, the form is lȳz before a vowel or a voiced consonant (otherwise, lȳs). Italics represents a spelling change that requires a '-t' added before a consonant generally in the genitive, locative, and/or dative. For the comitative, the form is -om before a vowel or a labial consonant.
Headless
| nom. | acc. | gen. | dat. | loc. | inst. | com. | voc. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specific | sg. | lȳ | lī | luo | luot | lȳ | luomy | luomy | lȳs |
| pl. | lī | lī | luoti | luoti | lī | luommi | luommi | lȳs | |
| pauc. | lȳn | lȳni | lȳno | lȳnty | lȳnny | lȳssy | lȳmmy | lȳssy | |
| col. | lȳr | lȳri | lȳro | lȳrty | lȳrry | lȳrzy | lȳrmy | lȳrzy | |
| Generic | sg. | līr | līr | lurio | luriot | līr | lurȳsi | lurȳmi | lȳs |
| pl. | lura | lura | lurȳti | lurȳti | lurȳti | lurȳssi | lurȳmmi | luas | |
| pauc. | lurin | lurin | lurino | lurinti | lurinni | lurissi | lurimmi | lurissi | |
| col. | lurir | luriri | luriro | lurirti | lurirri | lurirzi | lurirmi | lurirzi | |
Adpositions
Prepositions
| List of Common Prepositions | |
| Prepositions Taking the Locative Case | |
| hae | as, like, similar to; in the guise of, in the manner of, acting as |
| hen | from; since |
| va | towards; at, near |
| Prepositions Taking The Dative Case | |
| va | to, all the way up to |
| hen | of, out of; because of, on account of, thanks to, for; as |
Postposition
| List of Common Postpositions | |
| Adverbial Postpositions | |
| bōde | inspired by, in the spirit of, following the style of |
| gō | under, beneath, below, underneath, underneath of, to the underside of; before (temporally) |
| geptot | to the left of; beside, next to |
| inkot | behind, in back of |
| naejot | in front of, before |
| paktot | to the right of; to the side, beside |
| tolmiot | across |
| Non-adverbial Postpositions | |
| bē | on, onto, on top of, upon; concerning, regarding, about, with respect to, on (the subject of), about; at, in |
| harrī | while, during |
| hēdrȳ | from amongst, out of, from the midst of, from |
| iemnȳ | in, inside, inside of, within |
| jehikarȳ | in the presence of |
| mijiot | lacking, without |
| ondoso | due to, by, at the hand of |
| syt | for, intended for, on behalf of |
| toliot | above, over, after |
| rȳ | between, in between; through, across; throughout, all in reference to a time period |
Verb Tables
Consonant Final
| Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative | Participle | Infinitive | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||
| 1s | 2s | 3s | 1pl | 2pl | 3pl | 1s | 2s | 3s | 1pl | 2pl | 3pl | 2s | 2pl | ||||||||
| Active | |||||||||||||||||||||
| prs. | √-an | √-ā | √-as | √-i | √-āt | √-is | √-on | √-ō | √-os | √-oty | √-ōt | √-osy | √-ās | √-ātās | √-are (adj. II) | √-agon | |||||
| aor. | √-in | √-ia | √-is | √-iti | √-iat | √-isi | √-un | √-ua | √-us | √-uty | √-uat | √-usy | √-iās | √-iātās | √-ire (adj. II) | √-igon | |||||
| fut. | √-inna | √-ilā | √-ilza | √-ili | √-ilāt | √-ilzi | √-ilun | √-ilū | √-ilus | √-iluty | √-ilūt | √-ilusy | √-ilās | √-ilātās | √-ilare (adj. II) | — | |||||
| npfv. | √-ilen | √-ilē | √-iles | √-ilin | √-ilēt | √-ilis | √-ilon | √-ilō | √-ilos | √-iloty | √-ilōt | √-ilosy | — | — | |||||||
| pfv. | √P-an | √P-ā | √P-as | √P-i | √P-āt | √P-is | √P-on | √P-ō | √P-os | √P-oty | √P-ōt | √P-osy | — | see below | √P-agon | ||||||
| plup. | √P-en | √P-ē | √P-es | √P-in | √P-ēt | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| phab. | √P-in | √P-ia | √P-is | √P-iti | √P-iat | √P-isi | √P-un | √P-ua | √P-us | √P-uty | √P-uat | √P-usy | √P-re (adj. II) | ||||||||
| Passive | prs. | √-aks | √-āks | √-aks | √-aksi | √-āks | √-aksi | √-oks | √-ōks | √-oks | √-oksy | √-ōks | √-oksy | √-āks | — | √-akson | |||||
| aor. | √-iks | √-iaks | √-iks | √-iksi | √-iaks | √-iksi | √-uks | √-uaks | √-uks | √-uksy | √-uaks | √-uksy | √-iāks | √-iarza (adj. I) | √-iakson | ||||||
| fut. | √-ilaks | √-ilāks | √-ilaks | √-iliks | √-ilāks | √-iliks | √-iluks | √-ilūks | √-iluks | √-iluksy | √-ilūks | √-iluksy | √-ilāks | √-ilaksa (adj. I) | — | ||||||
| npfv. | √-ileks | √-ilēks | √-ileks | √-ilēks | √-iloks | √-ilōks | √-iloks | √-iloksy | √-ilōks | √-iloksy | — | — | |||||||||
| pfv. | √P-aks | √P-āks | √P-aks | √P-aksi | √P-āks | √P-aksi | √P-oks | √P-ōks | √P-oks | √P-oksy | √P-ōks | √P-oksy | — | √P-a (Adj. I) | √P-akson | ||||||
| plup. | √P-eks | √P-ēks | √P-eks | √P-iks | √P-ēks | √P-iks | — | — | |||||||||||||
| phab. | √P-iks | √P-iaks | √P-iks | √P-iksi | √P-iaks | √P-iksi | √P-uks | √P-uaks | √P-uks | √P-uksy | √P-uaks | √P-uksy | √P-iarza (adj. I) | ||||||||
Abbreviations
Perfect Stem
| Final Consonant | Liquid | Voiceless Stop | Nasal | Voiced Stop | Fricative | Palatal | Consonant Clusters | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| l | r | p | t | k | q | m | n | b | d | g | h | s | z | gh | v | j | ñ | lj | ||
| Simple | √-t | √-t | ||||||||||||||||||
| Replace Final Consonant | √(t)-t | √(n)-t | √(p)-t | √(t)-t | √(g)-d | √(s)-t | √(n)-t | √(l)-t | √(e)-t | |||||||||||
| Lengthen vowel | :√(d) | |||||||||||||||||||
Other Items
MF is ī for -egon, -igon, -ugon; it is ē for -agon and -ogon.
MP is a for -agon, i for -egon and -igon, and v for -ogon and -ugon.
Vowel Final
| Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative | Participle | Infinitive | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||
| 1s | 2s | 3s | 1pl | 2pl | 3pl | 1s | 2s | 3s | 1pl | 2pl | 3pl | 2s | 2pl | ||||||||
| Active | |||||||||||||||||||||
| prs. | √-M-n | √-M: | √-M-s | √-ī | √-M:-t | √-M-si | √-MP-on | √-MP-ō | √-MP-os | √-MP-oty | √-MP-ōt | √-MP-osy | √-M:-s | √-M:-t-M:-s | √-M-re (adj. II) | √-M-gon | |||||
| aor. | √-M-ssin | √-M-ssia | √-M-ssis | √-M-ssiti | √-M-ssiat | √-M-ssi | √-M-ssun | √-M-ssua | √-M-ssus | √-M-ssuty | √-M-ssuat | √-M-ssusy | √-M-ssiās | √-M-ssiātās | √-M-je (adj. II) | √-M-ssigon | |||||
| fut. | √-MF-nna | √-MF-lā | √-MF-lza | √-MF-li | √-MF-lāt | √-MF-lzi | √-MF-lun | √-MF-lū | √-MF-lus | √-MF-luty | √-MF-lūt | √-MF-lusy | √-MF-lās | √-MF-lātās | √-MF-lare (adj. II) | — | |||||
| npfv. | √-MF-len | √-MF-lē | √-MF-les | √-MF-lin | √-MF-lēt | √-MF-lis | √-MF-lon | √-MF-lō | √-MF-los | √-MF-loty | √-MF-lōt | √-MF-losy | — | — | |||||||
| pfv. | √P-an | √P-ā | √P-as | √P-i | √P-āt | √P-is | √P-on | √P-ō | √P-os | √P-oty | √P-ōt | √P-osy | — | see below | √P-agon | ||||||
| plup. | √P-en | √P-ē | √P-es | √P-in | √P-ēt | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| phab. | √P-in | √P-ia | √P-is | √P-iti | √P-iat | √P-isi | √P-un | √P-ua | √P-us | √P-uty | √P-uat | √P-usy | √P-re (Adj. II) | ||||||||
| Passive | prs. | √-M-ks | √-M:-ks | √-M-ks | √-M-ksi | √-M:-ks | √-M-ksi | √-MP-oks | √-MP-ōks | √-MP-oks | √-MP-oksy | √-MP-ōks | √-MP-oksy | √-M:-ks | — | √-M-kson | |||||
| aor. | √-M-ssiks | √-M-ssiaks | √-M-ssiks | √-M-ssiksi | √-M-ssiaks | √-M-ssiksi | √-M-ssuks | √-M-ssuaks | √-M-ssuks | √-M-ssuksy | √-M-ssuaks | √-M-ssuksy | √-M-ssiāks | √-M-ssiarza (adj. I) | √-M-ssiakson | ||||||
| fut. | √-MF-laks | √-MF-lāks | √-MF-laks | √-MF-liks | √-MF-lāks | √-MF-liks | √-MF-luks | √-MF-lūks | √-MF-luks | √-MF-luksy | √-MF-lūks | √-MF-luksy | √-MF-lāks | √-MF-laksa (adj. I) | — | ||||||
| npfv. | √-MF-leks | √-MF-lēks | √-MF-leks | √-MF-lēks | √-MF-loks | √-MF-lōks | √-MF-loks | √-MF-loksy | √-MF-lōks | √-MF-loksy | — | — | |||||||||
| pfv. | √P-aks | √P-āks | √P-aks | √P-aksi | √P-āks | √P-aksi | √P-oks | √P-ōks | √P-oks | √P-oksy | √P-ōks | √P-oksy | — | √P-a (Adj. I) | √P-akson | ||||||
| plup. | √P-eks | √P-ēks | √P-eks | √P-iks | √P-ēks | √P-iks | — | — | |||||||||||||
| phab. | √P-iks | √P-iaks | √P-iks | √P-iksi | √P-iaks | √P-iksi | √P-uks | √P-uaks | √P-uks | √P-uksy | √P-uaks | √P-uksy | √P-iarza (adj. I) | ||||||||
Instrumental Passive
s: p, t, k, q
z: b, d, g, l, r
h: all vowels except e and o
a: everything else
Locative Applicative
v: any vowel except e or ē (replaces h)
u: everything else
Oblique Applicative
j: i, ī, u, ū, y, ȳ, or a diphthong (replaces h)
i: everything else