User:Aegon/High Valyrian Tutorial/1-6
Lesson 6| Pronouns
Personal Pronouns in English
Pronouns are nouns which are used instead of another noun ('pro', in place of 'noun', noun.)
There are three categories of pronouns which are divided up into persons: 1st, 2nd, and 3rd. In addition, pronouns can be singular or plural. They are declined like all other nouns.
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 1st | I | we |
| 2nd | you, thou | you (all) |
| 3rd | he/she/it | they |
Table of Personal Pronouns in all of their cases: I, you, he/she/it, we, y'all, they
Note: you is the singular of the plural y'all - useful for distinguishing you (singular) from you (plural).
High Valyrian has two third person personal pronouns: ziry, for lunar and solar nouns and ūja, for terrestrial and aquatic nouns. Generally, ziry is used for animates and ūja for inanimates. This linguistic feature is useful for sentences where you are keeping track of two generic participants like the following example of one who had something stolen and a thief: "he (ūja) stole property from him (ziry), he (ziry) will have his property returned and for him (ūja), the punishment is death."
| Singular | Plural | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | 1st Person | 2nd Person | 3nd Person | 3nd Person | 1st Person | 2nd Person | 2nd Person | |||||||
| Nominative | nyke | I | ao | you | ziry | he/she/it | ūja | he/she/it | īlon | we | jeme | y'all | pōnta | they |
| Accusative | yne | me | avy | you | ziry | he/she/it | ūī | he/she/it | īlōn | us | jemī | y'all | pōnte | them |
| Genitive | yno | of me | aō | of you | zijo | of him/her/it | ūō | of him/her/it | īlo | of us | jemo | of y'all | pōnto | of them |
| Dative | ynot | for me | aōt | for you | zijot | for him/her/it | ūjōt | for him/her/it | īlot | for us | jemot | for y'all | pōntot | for them |
| Locative | nykē | on me | aō | on you | zirȳ | on him/her/it | ūjā | on him/her/it | īlō | on us | jemē | on y'all | pōntā | on them |
| Instrumental | ynoma | with me | aōma | with you | zijosy | with him/her/it | josa | with him/her/it | īloma | with us | jemme | with y'all | pōntosa | with them |
| Comitative | ynoma | with me | aōma | with you | zijomy | with him/her/it | joma | with him/her/it | īloma | with us | jemme | with y'all | pōntoma | with them |
| Vocative | nykys | me | aōs | you | zirys | him/her/it | ūjus | him/her/it | īlos | us | jemys | y'all | pōntus | them |
Possessive Adjectives
The possessive uses (my sister, your bicycle) uses the possessive adjectives:
| High Valyrian | English |
|---|---|
| ñuha | my |
| aōha | your |
| zȳha | his/hers, its |
| jāha | his/hers, its |
| īlva | our |
| jeva | y'alls |
| pōja | their |
Reflexive
| Singular | Plural | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | 1st Person | 2nd Person | 3nd Person | 3nd Person | 1st Person | 2nd Person | 2nd Person | |||||||
| Reflexive | nykēla | myself | aōla | youself | zirȳla | himself/herself/itself | jāla | himself/herself/itself | īlōnda | ourselves | jemēla | y'alls self | pōntāla | themselves |
The reflexive is used to provide added emphasis. It declines and is used like like a typical first lunar noun; it may be either a subject or an object per the following examples:
| High Valyrian | English |
|---|---|
| Hēzīr, brōza jevi jemēle iderēbilātās. | From this day forward, you will choose your own names. |
| Jemēla zȳhys perzī ondurilāt? | Will you take up her flames yourselves? |
| Nykēla avy ossēninna. | I will kill you myself. |