User:Aegon/High Valyrian Tutorial/3-5: Difference between revisions

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In English, the pluperfect looks like "'''I had stood'''." In High Valyrian, this phrase translates as '''iōrten'''.
In English, the pluperfect looks like "'''I had stood'''." In High Valyrian, this phrase translates as '''iōrten'''.
The pluperfect shows completion per the below example.
{| class="wikitable"
|'''High Valyrian'''
|'''English'''
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | vale vīlīptan vapār kelites
| bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | I fought the man until he had stopped
|}


===Consonant Final Verbs===
===Consonant Final Verbs===
Line 367: Line 377:
| zoklākotēt
| zoklākotēt
|}
|}
==The Subjunctive Pluperfect==
==The Subjunctive Pluperfect==
In High Valyrian, the pluperfect subjunctive is identical to the perfect subjunctive, covered earlier. One use of the pluperfect signifies hypothesis or a statement contrary to fact in a conditional clause, with a main clause using the verbs "would" or could" have.
In High Valyrian, the pluperfect subjunctive is identical to the perfect subjunctive, covered earlier. One use of the pluperfect signifies hypothesis or a statement contrary to fact in a conditional clause, with a main clause using the verbs "would" or could" have.

Revision as of 10:45, 18 December 2023

Lesson 5| The Pluperfect

In the verb conjugation table for this lesson, √P represents the perfect verbal stem, that is, the verbal stem with transformations that are to be covered below. Observe that the pluperfect uses the theme vowel e and how the endings are near identical to the perfect except an e replaces the a.

Indicative Subjunctive Imperative Participle Infinitive
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
1s 2s 3s 1pl 2pl 3pl 1s 2s 3s 1pl 2pl 3pl 2s 2pl
Active
prs. √-an √-ā √-as √-i √-āt √-is √-on √-ō √-os √-oty √-ōt √-osy √-ās √-ātās √-are (adj. II) √-agon
aor. √-in √-ia √-is √-iti √-iat √-isi √-un √-ua √-us √-uty √-uat √-usy √-iās √-iātās √-ire (adj. II) √-igon
fut. √-inna √-ilā √-ilza √-ili √-ilāt √-ilzi √-ilun √-ilū √-ilus √-iluty √-ilūt √-ilusy √-ilās √-ilātās √-ilare (adj. II) —
npfv. √-ilen √-ilē √-iles √-ilin √-ilēt √-ilis √-ilon √-ilō √-ilos √-iloty √-ilōt √-ilosy — —
pfv. √P-an √P-ā √P-as √P-i √P-āt √P-is √P-on √P-ō √P-os √P-oty √P-ōt √P-osy — see below √P-agon
plup. √P-en √P-ē √P-es √P-in √P-ēt — —
phab. √P-in √P-ia √P-is √P-iti √P-iat √P-isi √P-un √P-ua √P-us √P-uty √P-uat √P-usy √P-re (adj. II)
Passive prs. √-aks √-āks √-aks √-aksi √-āks √-aksi √-oks √-ōks √-oks √-oksy √-ōks √-oksy √-āks — √-akson
aor. √-iks √-iaks √-iks √-iksi √-iaks √-iksi √-uks √-uaks √-uks √-uksy √-uaks √-uksy √-iāks √-iarza (adj. I) √-iakson
fut. √-ilaks √-ilāks √-ilaks √-iliks √-ilāks √-iliks √-iluks √-ilūks √-iluks √-iluksy √-ilūks √-iluksy √-ilāks √-ilaksa (adj. I) —
npfv. √-ileks √-ilēks √-ileks √-ilēks √-iloks √-ilōks √-iloks √-iloksy √-ilōks √-iloksy — —
pfv. √P-aks √P-āks √P-aks √P-aksi √P-āks √P-aksi √P-oks √P-ōks √P-oks √P-oksy √P-ōks √P-oksy — √P-a (Adj. I) √P-akson
plup. √P-eks √P-ēks √P-eks √P-iks √P-ēks √P-iks — —
phab. √P-iks √P-iaks √P-iks √P-iksi √P-iaks √P-iksi √P-uks √P-uaks √P-uks √P-uksy √P-uaks √P-uksy √P-iarza (adj. I)

Vocabulary

Lesson Vocabulary
High Valyrian English
iōragon (c-fin.) to stand, to be (feeling), (reflexive) to be (feeling)
sindigon (v-fin.) to buy

The Present Pluperfect

The pluperfect combines the past tense (reference to a past time) and the perfect aspect (referring to a completed verbal action).

In English, the pluperfect looks like "I had stood." In High Valyrian, this phrase translates as iōrten.

The pluperfect shows completion per the below example.

High Valyrian English
vale vīlīptan vapār kelites I fought the man until he had stopped


Consonant Final Verbs

Below shows the present imperfect conjugation of maghagon. All consonant final verbs share these personal endings. To form the pluperfect, place the verb in the perfect root (covered in an earlier lesson) and add the pluperfect endings, like the perfect tense except with the theme vowel e.

mād-en I had carried first person singular
mād-ē you had carried second person singular
mād-es he, she, it had carried third person singular
mād-in we had carried first person plural
mād-ēt you (all) had carried second person plural
mād-is they had carried third person plural

Vowel Final Verbs

√-M-en first person singular
√-M-ē second person singular
√-M-es third person singular
√-M-in first person plural
√-M-ēt second person plural
√-M-is third person plural

Exercise 1

Conjugate the following verbs in the pluperfect.

The Subjunctive Pluperfect

In High Valyrian, the pluperfect subjunctive is identical to the perfect subjunctive, covered earlier. One use of the pluperfect signifies hypothesis or a statement contrary to fact in a conditional clause, with a main clause using the verbs "would" or could" have.

Examples

High Valyrian English
lo ynot koni vestretos, avy baelagon kōttan if you had told me that, I could have helped you.

The Passive Pluperfect

Consonant Final Verbs

Below shows the passive pluperfect conjugation of maghagon. All consonant final verbs share these personal endings.

mād-eks I had been carried first person singular
mād-ēks you have been carried second person singular
mād-eks he, she, it had been carried third person singular
mād-iks we had been carried first person plural
mād-ēks you (all) had been carried second person plural
mād-iks they have been carried third person plural

Vowel Final Verbs

The passive pluperfect endings for vowel final verbs is identical to the endings for the consonant final verbs.

The Passive Pluperfect Subjunctive

The High Valyrian passive pluperfect subjunctive endings are identical to the passive perfect subjunctive endings.

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