User:Aegon/High Valyrian Tutorial/2-6: Difference between revisions
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| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | '''gierī (adv.)''' | |||
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | '''wholly, completely, totally; dreadfully, terribly (when used with pejorative adjectives)''' | |||
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| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | '''tolkydoso (adv.)''' | | align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | '''tolkydoso (adv.)''' | ||
Revision as of 12:41, 8 March 2023
Lesson 6| The Future
| Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative | Participle | Infinitive | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||
| 1s | 2s | 3s | 1pl | 2pl | 3pl | 1s | 2s | 3s | 1pl | 2pl | 3pl | 2s | 2pl | ||||||||
| Active | |||||||||||||||||||||
| prs. | √-an | √-ā | √-as | √-i | √-āt | √-is | √-on | √-ō | √-os | √-oty | √-ōt | √-osy | √-ās | √-ātās | √-are (adj. II) | √-agon | |||||
| aor. | √-in | √-ia | √-is | √-iti | √-iat | √-isi | √-un | √-ua | √-us | √-uty | √-uat | √-usy | √-iās | √-iātās | √-ire (adj. II) | √-igon | |||||
| fut. | √-inna | √-ilā | √-ilza | √-ili | √-ilāt | √-ilzi | √-ilun | √-ilū | √-ilus | √-iluty | √-ilūt | √-ilusy | √-ilās | √-ilātās | √-ilare (adj. II) | — | |||||
| npfv. | √-ilen | √-ilē | √-iles | √-ilin | √-ilēt | √-ilis | √-ilon | √-ilō | √-ilos | √-iloty | √-ilōt | √-ilosy | — | — | |||||||
| pfv. | √P-an | √P-ā | √P-as | √P-i | √P-āt | √P-is | √P-on | √P-ō | √P-os | √P-oty | √P-ōt | √P-osy | — | see below | √P-agon | ||||||
| plup. | √P-en | √P-ē | √P-es | √P-in | √P-ēt | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| phab. | √P-in | √P-ia | √P-is | √P-iti | √P-iat | √P-isi | √P-un | √P-ua | √P-us | √P-uty | √P-uat | √P-usy | √P-re (adj. II) | ||||||||
| Passive | prs. | √-aks | √-āks | √-aks | √-aksi | √-āks | √-aksi | √-oks | √-ōks | √-oks | √-oksy | √-ōks | √-oksy | √-āks | — | √-akson | |||||
| aor. | √-iks | √-iaks | √-iks | √-iksi | √-iaks | √-iksi | √-uks | √-uaks | √-uks | √-uksy | √-uaks | √-uksy | √-iāks | √-iarza (adj. I) | √-iakson | ||||||
| fut. | √-ilaks | √-ilāks | √-ilaks | √-iliks | √-ilāks | √-iliks | √-iluks | √-ilūks | √-iluks | √-iluksy | √-ilūks | √-iluksy | √-ilāks | √-ilaksa (adj. I) | — | ||||||
| npfv. | √-ileks | √-ilēks | √-ileks | √-ilēks | √-iloks | √-ilōks | √-iloks | √-iloksy | √-ilōks | √-iloksy | — | — | |||||||||
| pfv. | √P-aks | √P-āks | √P-aks | √P-aksi | √P-āks | √P-aksi | √P-oks | √P-ōks | √P-oks | √P-oksy | √P-ōks | √P-oksy | — | √P-a (Adj. I) | √P-akson | ||||||
| plup. | √P-eks | √P-ēks | √P-eks | √P-iks | √P-ēks | √P-iks | — | — | |||||||||||||
| phab. | √P-iks | √P-iaks | √P-iks | √P-iksi | √P-iaks | √P-iksi | √P-uks | √P-uaks | √P-uks | √P-uksy | √P-uaks | √P-uksy | √P-iarza (adj. I) | ||||||||
The Future
The future is used to make projections about what is to come as well, in conditional statements, as well as to commit the speaker to certain actions. In English, the High Valyrian future may be expressed like 'is going to,' 'will,' or 'shall.'
Vocabulary
| Lesson Vocabulary | |
|---|---|
| High Valyrian | English |
| ānogar (1aq.) | blood |
| solion (3ter.) | voyage |
| gierī (adv.) | wholly, completely, totally; dreadfully, terribly (when used with pejorative adjectives) |
| tolkydoso (adv.) | differently |
| gūrēñagon (c-fin.) | to learn, uncover, discover |
Consonant Final Verbs
Below shows the future conjugation of maghagon. All consonant final verbs share these personal endings. The palatals, 'lj' and 'ñ,' depalatalize before any ending that begins with 'i' or a consonant; all future endings begin in 'i' so 'lj' always becomes 'l,' and 'ñ,' always becomes 'n.'
| magh-inna | I shall carry | first person singular |
| magh-ilā | you will carry | second person singular |
| magh-ilza | he, she, it is is going to carry | third person singular |
| magh-ili | we shall carry | first person plural |
| magh-ilāt | you (all) will carry | second person plural |
| magh-ilzi | they are going to carry | third person plural |
Vowel Final Verbs
There are also five vowel final verb forms that have two forms in the future. These are similar to the consonant final verbs except that the 'i' becomes either 'ē' or 'ī'. The future is formed from the verbal stem plus the theme vowel change, M, plus the personal ending. They stick to this changed vowel and have an otherwise identical personal ending to consonant final verbs. In the generic conjugation below, √ is the verb stem and M is the theme vowel change.
For -agon and -ogon, M=ē.
For -egon, -igon, and -ugon, M=ī.
| √-M-nna | first person singular |
| √-M-lā | second person singular |
| √-M-lza | third person singular |
| √-M-li | first person plural |
| √-M-lāt | second person plural |
| √-M-lzi | third person plural |
Exercise 1
Conjugate the following verbs in the future.
| I shall pick it up |
| ūī gūrēnna |
| they will eat |
| ipradilzi |
| y'all will know |
| gīmīlāt |
| we will attack |
| idakēlza |
The Future Subjunctive
The future subjunctive, like the subjunctive, indicates uncertainty and is used in negation statements ('I am not going to do that') and conditional statements ('If the king is good, we will live in peace').
Consonant Final Verbs
Below shows the future subjunctive conjugation of maghagon. All consonant final verbs share these personal endings. The palatals, 'lj' and 'ñ,' depalatalize before any ending that begins with 'i' or a consonant; again, all future subjunctive endings begin in 'i' so 'lj' always becomes 'l,' and 'ñ,' always becomes 'n.'
| magh-ilun | I shall carry | first person singular |
| magh-ilū | you will carry | second person singular |
| magh-ilus | he, she, it is is going to carry | third person singular |
| magh-iluty | we shall carry | first person plural |
| magh-ilūt | you (all) will carry | second person plural |
| magh-ilusy | they are going to carry | third person plural |
Vowel Final Verbs
Vowel final verb forms also have two forms in the future subjunctive. These are similar to the consonant final verbs except that the 'i' becomes either 'ē' or 'ī'. The future subjunctive is formed from the verbal stem plus the theme vowel change, M, plus the personal ending. They stick to their theme vowel and have an identical personal ending to consonant final verbs. In the generic conjugation below, √ is the verb stem and M is the theme vowel change.
For -agon and -ogon, M=ē.
For -egon, -igon, and -ugon, M=ī.
| √-M-lun | first person singular |
| √-M-lū | second person singular |
| √-M-lus | third person singular |
| √-M-luty | first person plural |
| √-M-lūt | second person plural |
| √-M-lusy | third person plural |
Examples
| High Valyrian | English |
| konīr idakēluty daor | we will not attack there |
| lo dārys kōz iksos kesi gīmīlū | if the king is evil you will know this |
| High Valyrian | English |
| sepār tolkydoso urnegon gūrēñagon pōnto bēvulza | Then they will have to learn to see things differently |
The future subjunctive may be used with obligation constructions as well, like this example.
Exercise 2
Translate to High Valyrian.
| if you speak to me, I shall not listen to you |
| lo yne ȳdraō, avy rȳbinna daor |
| he will listen to you when turtles can fly |
| avy rȳbilza skorī qintra sōvegon kostilus |
| y'all will not be destroyed |
| pryjēlūt daor |
| we will not give her gifts |
| zijot irūdi irughilus daor |
The Future Passive
Consonant Final Verbs
Below shows the passive future conjugation of maghagon. All consonant final verbs share these personal endings. The palatals, 'lj' and 'ñ,' depalatalize before any ending that begins with 'i' or a consonant; again, all future passive endings begin in 'i' so 'lj' always becomes 'l,' and 'ñ,' always becomes 'n.'
| magh-ilaks | I shall be carried | first person singular |
| magh-ilāks | you will be carried | second person singular |
| magh-ilaks | he, she, it is going to be carried | third person singular |
| magh-iliks | we shall be carried | first person plural |
| magh-ilāks | you (all) are going to be carried | second person plural |
| magh-iliks | they will be carried | third person plural |
Vowel Final Verbs
Vowel final verb forms also have two forms in the future passive. These are similar to the consonant final verbs except that the 'i' becomes either 'ē' or 'ī'. The future passive is formed from the verbal stem plus the theme vowel change, M, plus the personal ending. They stick to their theme vowel and have an identical personal ending to consonant final verbs. In the generic conjugation below, √ is the verb stem and M is the theme vowel change.
For -agon and -ogon, M=ē.
For -egon, -igon, and -ugon, M=ī.
| √-M-laks | first person singular |
| √-M-lāks | second person singular |
| √-M-laks | third person singular |
| √-M-liks | first person plural |
| √-M-lāks | second person plural |
| √-M-liks | third person plural |
Example
| High Valyrian | English |
| pōja muña hen zȳho solio āmāzīlus daor, yn ānogrosa gierī ozletaksi humbilza | Though their mother will not return from her voyage, they will all remain bound together in blood |
Exercise 3
Conjugate the following verbs in the future passive.
| we will be loved |
| jorrāeliliks |
| y'all are going to be calmed |
| lykemilāks |
| you are going to be destroyed |
| pryjēlāks |
| I will be spoken to |
| ȳdrēlaks |
The Future Passive Subjunctive
Consonant Final Verbs
Below shows the passive future subjunctive conjugation of maghagon. All consonant final verbs share these personal endings.
| magh-iluks | I shall be carried | first person singular |
| magh-ilūks | you will be carried | second person singular |
| magh-iluks | he, she, it is going to be carried | third person singular |
| magh-iluksy | we shall be carried | first person plural |
| magh-ilūks | you (all) are going to be carried | second person plural |
| magh-iluksy | they will be carried | third person plural |
Vowel Final Verbs
Vowel final verb forms also have two forms in the future passive subjunctive. These are similar to the consonant final verbs except that the 'i' becomes either 'ē' or 'ī'. The future subjunctive is formed from the verbal stem plus the theme vowel change, M, plus the personal ending. They stick to their theme vowel and have an identical personal ending to consonant final verbs. In the generic conjugation below, √ is the verb stem and M is the theme vowel change.
For -agon and -ogon, M=ē.
For -egon, -igon, and -ugon, M=ī.
| √-M-luks | first person singular |
| √-M-lūks | second person singular |
| √-M-luks | third person singular |
| √-M-luksy | first person plural |
| √-M-lūks | second person plural |
| √-M-luksy | third person plural |
Exercise 4
Translate into High Valyrian.
| I will not be sitting on the ground |
| tegot udēmēluks daor |
| if I can grab my horse he would be being brushed |
| lo ñuhe annī onduragon kostos zijot rāeniluks |
| if you liberate the city from the masters no one would be being enslaved |
| lo āeksȳti oktion dāeremō daorys belmuriluks daor |
| the knight who would be being betrayed was enticed |
| qrimpālīluks lȳs azantys zoklākotas |