User:Aegon/High Valyrian Tutorial/2-2: Difference between revisions

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==Postpositions==
==Postpositions==
Like prepositions, '''postpositions''' are indeclinable and genderless. Postpositions are placed after substantives and adjectives; they only take the genitive case.
Like prepositions, '''postpositions''' are indeclinable and genderless. Postpositions are placed after substantives and adjectives; they only take the genitive case. There are a number of postpositions that indicate direction relative to the speaker that may also find use as adverbs.
 
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
| colspan="2" | <B>List of Common Postpositions</B>
|-
| colspan="2" | <I>Adverbial Postpositions</I>
|-
| gō||  under, beneath, below, underneath, underneath of, to the underside of; before (temporally)
|-
| geptot|| to the left of, beside, next to
|-
| inkot|| behind, in back of
|-
| naejot|| in front of, before
|-
| paktot|| to the right of, to the side, beside
|-
| colspan="2" | <I>Non-adverbial Postpositions</I>
|-
| bē|| on, onto, on top of, upon; concerning, regarding, about, with respect to, on (the subject of), about; at, in
|-
| hēdrȳ|| from amongst, out of, from the midst of, from
|-
| iemnȳ|| in, inside, inside of, within
|-
| jehikarȳ|| in the presence of
|-
| mijiot|| lacking, without
|-
| ondoso|| due to, by, at the hand of
|-
| syt|| for, intended for, on behalf of   
|}

Revision as of 14:36, 24 October 2021

The Genitive

The genitive case is a descriptive case. The genitive case describes the following features of the described noun:

  • Possession e.g. The dragon of Daenerys or Daenerys' dragon (Daenero zaldrīzes)
  • Titles e.g. High Priestess (Eglio Vokto)
  • Relation e.g. A thing of beauty (mirro gevivī)

*Quantity e.g. A gallon of water

  • Quality e.g. Day of wrath (vēdro tubis)

Quite simply, a word in the genitive case is translated with the preposition "of". Note that High Valyrian does not have a separate form for the possessive genitive (Jon's dog vs The dog of Jon), as English does. A word in the genitive case showing possession can be translated either way. A critical use of the genitive case involves postpositions, described later in this section.

The first lunar, third lunar, and third terrestrial have forms that include an 'i' in their endings, like āeksio. The usual instrumental forms take the endings -o, -ō, and -o; with 'i' in the ending, they become -io, -iō, and -io.

Declination Nominative Singular Plural
1lun. val-a val-o val-oti
1aq. qelb-ar qelb-ro qelb-roti
2lun. egr-y egr-o egr-oti
2sol. azant-ys azant-o azant-oti
3lun. (io) āeks-io āeks-iō āeks-oti
3sol. ri-os ri-o ri-oti
3sol. (contracting) jao-s jao-ho jao-hoti
3ter. lent-on lent-o lent-oti
3aq. māl-or māl-ro māl-roti
4lun. ann-e ann-o ann-oti
4sol. zaldrīz-es zaldrīz-o zaldrīz-oti
5lun. brōz-i brōz-io brōz-ȳti
5sol. bant-is bant-io bant-ȳti
5aq. qint-ir qint-rio qint-ȳti
adj. I rōv-a (ys on or) rōv-o (o o ro) rōv-o (o o ro)
adj. II sȳz (sȳrior) sȳr-o (ȳr) sȳr-o (ȳ)
adj. III sylvie (ior) sylv-io (ȳr) sylv-io (ȳ)

Postpositions

Like prepositions, postpositions are indeclinable and genderless. Postpositions are placed after substantives and adjectives; they only take the genitive case. There are a number of postpositions that indicate direction relative to the speaker that may also find use as adverbs.

List of Common Postpositions
Adverbial Postpositions
gō under, beneath, below, underneath, underneath of, to the underside of; before (temporally)
geptot to the left of, beside, next to
inkot behind, in back of
naejot in front of, before
paktot to the right of, to the side, beside
Non-adverbial Postpositions
bē on, onto, on top of, upon; concerning, regarding, about, with respect to, on (the subject of), about; at, in
hēdrȳ from amongst, out of, from the midst of, from
iemnȳ in, inside, inside of, within
jehikarȳ in the presence of
mijiot lacking, without
ondoso due to, by, at the hand of
syt for, intended for, on behalf of
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