User:Aegon/High Valyrian Tutorial/2-6

Lesson 6| The Future

The Future

The future is used to make projections about what is to come as well, in conditional statements, as well as to commit the speaker to certain actions. In English, the High Valyrian future may be expressed like 'is going to,' 'will,' or 'shall.'

Consonant Final Verbs

Below shows the future conjugation of maghagon. All consonant final verbs share these personal endings. The palatals, 'lj' and 'ñ,' depalatalize before any ending that begins with 'i' or a consonant; all future endings begin in 'i' so 'lj' always becomes 'l,' and 'ñ,' always becomes 'n.'

magh-inna	I shall carry	first person singular
magh-ilā	you will carry	second person singular
magh-ilza	he, she, it is is going to carry	third person singular
magh-ili	we shall carry	first person plural
magh-ilāt	you (all) will carry	second person plural
magh-ilzi	they are going to carry	third person plural

Vowel Final Verbs

There are also five vowel final verb forms that have two forms in the future. These are similar to the consonant final verbs except that the 'i' becomes either 'ē' or 'ī'. The future is formed from the verbal stem plus the theme vowel change, M, plus the personal ending. They stick to to this changed vowel and have an otherwise identical personal ending to consonant final verbs. In the generic conjugation below, √ is the verb stem and M is the theme vowel change.

For -agon and -ogon, M=ē.

For -egon, -igon, and -ugon, M=ī.

√-M-nna	first person singular
√-M-lā	second person singular
√-M-lza	third person singular
√-M-li	first person plural
√-M-lāt	second person plural
√-M-lzi	third person plural

Exercise 1

Conjugate the following verbs in the future.

I shall pick it up ūī gūrēnna

they will eat ipradilzi

y'all will know gīmīlāt

we will attack idakēlza

The Future Subjunctive

The future subjunctive, like the subjunctive, indicates uncertainty and is used in negation statements ('I am not going to do that') and conditional statements ('If the king is good, we will live in peace').

Consonant Final Verbs

Below shows the future subjunctive conjugation of maghagon. All consonant final verbs share these personal endings. The palatals, 'lj' and 'ñ,' depalatalize before any ending that begins with 'i' or a consonant; again, all future subjunctive endings begin in 'i' so 'lj' always becomes 'l,' and 'ñ,' always becomes 'n.'

magh-ilun	I shall carry	first person singular
magh-ilū	you will carry	second person singular
magh-ilus	he, she, it is is going to carry	third person singular
magh-iluty	we shall carry	first person plural
magh-ilūt	you (all) will carry	second person plural
magh-ilusy	they are going to carry	third person plural

Vowel Final Verbs

Vowel final verb forms also have two forms in the future subjunctive. These are similar to the consonant final verbs except that the 'i' becomes either 'ē' or 'ī'. The future subjunctive is formed from the verbal stem plus the theme vowel change, M, plus the personal ending. They stick to their theme vowel and have an identical personal ending to consonant final verbs. In the generic conjugation below, √ is the verb stem and M is the theme vowel change.

For -agon and -ogon, M=ē.

For -egon, -igon, and -ugon, M=ī.

√-M-lun	first person singular
√-M-lū	second person singular
√-M-lus	third person singular
√-M-luty	first person plural
√-M-lūt	second person plural
√-M-lusy	third person plural

Examples

High Valyrian	English
konīr idakēluty daor	we will not attack there
lo dārys kōz issa kesi gīmīlū	if the king is evil you will know this

Exercise 2

Translate to High Valyrian.

if you speak to me, I shall not listen to you lo yne ȳdraō, avy rȳbinna daor

he will listen to you when turtles can fly avy rȳbilza skorī qintra sōvegon kostilus

y'all will not be destroyed pryjēlūt daor

we will not give her gifts zijot irūdi irughilus daor

The Future Passive

Consonant Final Verbs

Below shows the passive future conjugation of maghagon. All consonant final verbs share these personal endings.

magh-ilaks	I shall be carried	first person singular
magh-ilāks	you will be carried	second person singular
magh-ilaks	he, she, it is going to be carried	third person singular
magh-iliks	we shall be carried	first person plural
magh-ilāks	you (all) are going to be carried	second person plural
magh-iliks	they will be carried	third person plural

Vowel Final Verbs

Vowel final verb forms also have two forms in the future passive. These are similar to the consonant final verbs except that the 'i' becomes either 'ē' or 'ī'. The future subjunctive is formed from the verbal stem plus the theme vowel change, M, plus the personal ending. They stick to their theme vowel and have an identical personal ending to consonant final verbs. In the generic conjugation below, √ is the verb stem and M is the theme vowel change.

For -agon and -ogon, M=ē.

For -egon, -igon, and -ugon, M=ī.

√-M-laks	first person singular
√-M-lāks	second person singular
√-M-laks	third person singular
√-M-liks	first person plural
√-M-lāks	second person plural
√-M-liks	third person plural

Exercise 3

Conjugate the following verbs in the future passive.

we will be loved jorrāeliliks

y'all are going to be calmed lykemilāks

you are going to be destroyed pryjēlāks

I will be spoken to ȳdrēlaks

The Future Passive Subjunctive

Consonant Final Verbs

Below shows the passive future subjunctive conjugation of maghagon. All consonant final verbs share these personal endings.

magh-iluks	I shall be carried	first person singular
magh-ilūks	you will be carried	second person singular
magh-iluks	he, she, it is going to be carried	third person singular
magh-iluksy	we shall be carried	first person plural
magh-ilūks	you (all) are going to be carried	second person plural
magh-iluksy	they will be carried	third person plural

Vowel Final Verbs

Vowel final verb forms also have two forms in the future passive subjunctive. These are similar to the consonant final verbs except that the 'i' becomes either 'ē' or 'ī'. The future subjunctive is formed from the verbal stem plus the theme vowel change, M, plus the personal ending. They stick to their theme vowel and have an identical personal ending to consonant final verbs. In the generic conjugation below, √ is the verb stem and M is the theme vowel change.

For -agon and -ogon, M=ē.

For -egon, -igon, and -ugon, M=ī.

√-M-luks	first person singular
√-M-lūks	second person singular
√-M-luks	third person singular
√-M-luksy	first person plural
√-M-lūks	second person plural
√-M-luksy	third person plural