User:Aegon/High Valyrian Tutorial/4-1: Difference between revisions

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| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | '''biarves''' (4sol.)
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | '''biarves''' (4sol.)
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | '''happiness, jubilation; luck, fortune'''
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | '''happiness, jubilation; luck, fortune'''
|-
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | '''hōzinon''' (3ter.)
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | '''swelling; pride'''
|-
|-
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | '''jessives''' (4sol.)
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | '''jessives''' (4sol.)
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | '''joy'''
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | '''joy'''
|-
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | '''lōgor''' (3aq.)
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | '''ship, boat'''
|-
|-
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | '''munnon''' (3ter.)
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | '''munnon''' (3ter.)
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | '''sorrow'''
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | '''sorrow'''
|-
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | '''nārijon''' (3ter.)
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | '''shame'''
|-
|-
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | '''ōdres''' (4sol.)
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | '''ōdres''' (4sol.)
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| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | '''zūges''' (4sol.)
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | '''zūges''' (4sol.)
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | '''fear (countable)'''
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | '''fear (countable)'''
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" |
|-
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | '''iqighagon''' (c-fin.)
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | '''to make somebody feel; (reflexive) to make oneself feel'''
|-
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | '''qringaomagon''' (c-fin.)
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | '''to fail; to make a mistake, to err, to sin'''
|}
|}


==Expressing Feelings==
==Expressing Feelings==
High Valyrian features a number of ways to express feelings.
High Valyrian features a number of ways to express feelings. There exist three main verbs dealing with feelings:


'''Iōragon''' meaning feeling towards something.
'''Iqighagon''' meaning to make another feel.
'''Botagon''' meaning for oneself to feel something.
===Iōragon, Expressing Feelings Towards Another===
The verb ''iōragon'', meaning "to stand, (to be feeling)", expresses feelings towards someone with the feeling in the ''locative case'' and the recipient of the feeling with the ''comitative case''.
The verb ''iōragon'', meaning "to stand, (to be feeling)", expresses feelings towards someone with the feeling in the ''locative case'' and the recipient of the feeling with the ''comitative case''.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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|}
|}


If the recipient is oneself, use the ''reflexive''.
If the recipient is oneself, use the ''reflexive''. Literally this example reads "don't stand in sorrow with yourself."
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|'''High Valyrian'''
|'''High Valyrian'''
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| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | munnot aōloma iōragon daor
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | munnot aōloma iōragon daor
| bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | don't feel sorry for yourself
| bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | don't feel sorry for yourself
|}
The collective number in High Valyrian can have the interpretation of a "countable" and uncountable" concept of a noun. Consider the words ''zūges'' and ''zūger'' both mean fear, the former the "countable sense" and the latter, the "uncountable." ''Zūger'', expresses fear in general, where ''zūges'' would have a more focused meaning.
{| class="wikitable"
|'''High Valyrian'''
|'''English'''
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | Iōnos zūgot bonom zokloma iōros daor
| bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | Jon does not fear that wolf
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | Lo qringontos, Iōnos zūgerre qilōnarȳso iōrilus
| bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | if he fails, Jon would fear punishment
|}
Notice here, "that wolf" is a specific object to which Jon feels no fear. Then, "punishment" has a more generic sense, so Jon has ''zūger'' of punishment. Should the sentence indicate a specific punishment, ''zūges'' would appear instead.
===Iqighagon, Making Someone Feel===
The verb ''iqighagon'' indicates the speaker making another feel something. The other appears in the ''accusative case'' and the emotion in the ''instrumental case''. Again, if one makes oneself feel something, use the reflexive. The first example literally means "you piled anger onto your king."
{| class="wikitable"
|'''High Valyrian'''
|'''English'''
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | vēdroso aōhi dāri iqīdā
| bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | you have angered your king
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | tubī kirimvose aōle iqighās
| bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | make yourself happy today
|}
===Botagon, Making Oneself Feel===
The verb ''botagon'', meaning "to suffer, to feel, to endure, to subject oneself to something," indicates the speaker makes himself feel something. The emotion in the ''instrumental case''.
{| class="wikitable"
|'''High Valyrian'''
|'''English'''
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | nārijoso botagon koston daor
| bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | I am incapable of feeling shame
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | zȳho qringaomo bē zūgose bottan
| bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | I felt afraid concerning his sin
|}
==Exercises==
===Exercise===
Translate the following into High Valyrian.
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
| my father will make you feel shame
|-
| ñuha kepa avy nārijoso iqighilza
|}
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
| I will not suffer your fear
|-
| aōhos zūgerze botilun daor
|}
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
| those who felt pride for their sin were burned as marauders
|-
| hōzinot pōjos qringaomnoso iōrtis lī hae qrillaodikȳti zāltaksi
|}
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
| my mother who had been fortunate for the lord walked to the boat with him
|-
| āeksiot biarvose iōrtes lua muña ñuha lōgrot zijomy dekurūptas
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 20:11, 9 June 2024

Lesson 1| Feelings

Vocabulary

Lesson Vocabulary
High Valyrian English
biarves (4sol.) happiness, jubilation; luck, fortune
hōzinon (3ter.) swelling; pride
jessives (4sol.) joy
lōgor (3aq.) ship, boat
munnon (3ter.) sorrow
nārijon (3ter.) shame
ōdres (4sol.) pain; damage
ossȳngnon (3ter.) terror
zūger (6col. 4sol.) fear (uncountable)
zūges (4sol.) fear (countable)
iqighagon (c-fin.) to make somebody feel; (reflexive) to make oneself feel
qringaomagon (c-fin.) to fail; to make a mistake, to err, to sin

Expressing Feelings

High Valyrian features a number of ways to express feelings. There exist three main verbs dealing with feelings:

Iōragon meaning feeling towards something.

Iqighagon meaning to make another feel.

Botagon meaning for oneself to feel something.

Iōragon, Expressing Feelings Towards Another

The verb iōragon, meaning "to stand, (to be feeling)", expresses feelings towards someone with the feeling in the locative case and the recipient of the feeling with the comitative case.

High Valyrian English
vēdrot ñuhom raqiroso iōran I am angry with my friend

If the recipient is oneself, use the reflexive. Literally this example reads "don't stand in sorrow with yourself."

High Valyrian English
munnot aōloma iōragon daor don't feel sorry for yourself

The collective number in High Valyrian can have the interpretation of a "countable" and uncountable" concept of a noun. Consider the words zūges and zūger both mean fear, the former the "countable sense" and the latter, the "uncountable." Zūger, expresses fear in general, where zūges would have a more focused meaning.

High Valyrian English
Iōnos zūgot bonom zokloma iōros daor Jon does not fear that wolf
Lo qringontos, Iōnos zūgerre qilōnarȳso iōrilus if he fails, Jon would fear punishment

Notice here, "that wolf" is a specific object to which Jon feels no fear. Then, "punishment" has a more generic sense, so Jon has zūger of punishment. Should the sentence indicate a specific punishment, zūges would appear instead.

Iqighagon, Making Someone Feel

The verb iqighagon indicates the speaker making another feel something. The other appears in the accusative case and the emotion in the instrumental case. Again, if one makes oneself feel something, use the reflexive. The first example literally means "you piled anger onto your king."

High Valyrian English
vēdroso aōhi dāri iqīdā you have angered your king
tubī kirimvose aōle iqighās make yourself happy today

Botagon, Making Oneself Feel

The verb botagon, meaning "to suffer, to feel, to endure, to subject oneself to something," indicates the speaker makes himself feel something. The emotion in the instrumental case.

High Valyrian English
nārijoso botagon koston daor I am incapable of feeling shame
zȳho qringaomo bē zūgose bottan I felt afraid concerning his sin

Exercises

Exercise

Translate the following into High Valyrian.

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