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=Lesson 6| The Future=
=Lesson 6| The Future=
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan = 2; rowspan = 3 |
! colspan = 6 | Indicative
! rowspan = 13|
! colspan = 6 | Subjunctive
! rowspan = 13|
! colspan = 2 | Imperative
! rowspan = 13|
! rowspan = 3 | Participle
! rowspan = 13|
! rowspan = 3 | Infinitive
|-
! colspan = 3 | Singular
! colspan = 3 | Plural
! colspan = 3 | Singular
! colspan = 3 | Plural
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! 1s
! 2s
! 3s
! 1pl
! 2pl
! 3pl
! 1s
! 2s
! 3s
! 1pl
! 2pl
! 3pl
! 2s
! 2pl
|-
! rowspan = 10 | Active
|-
! prs.
| √-an
| √-ā
| √-as
| √-i
| √-āt
| √-is
| √-on
| √-ō
| √-os
| √-oty
| √-ōt
| √-osy
| √-ās
| √-ātās
| √-are (adj. II)
| √-agon
|-
! aor.
| √-in
| √-ia
| √-is
| √-iti
| √-iat
| √-isi
| √-un
| √-ua
| √-us
| √-uty
| √-uat
| √-usy
| √-iās
| √-iātās
| √-ire (adj. II)
| √-igon
|-
! colspan = 21 |
|-
! fut.
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |√-inna
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |√-ilā
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |√-ilza
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |√-ili
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |√-ilāt
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |√-ilzi
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |√-ilun
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |√-ilū
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |√-ilus
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |√-iluty
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |√-ilūt
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |√-ilusy
| √-ilās
| √-ilātās
| √-ilare (adj. II)
| rowspan = 2 | —
|-
! npfv.
| √-ilen
| √-ilē
| √-iles
| √-ilin
| √-ilēt
| √-ilis
| √-ilon
| √-ilō
| √-ilos
| √-iloty
| √-ilōt
| √-ilosy
| colspan = 2 | —
| —
|-
! colspan = 21 |
|-
!  pfv.
| √<sub>P</sub>-an
| √<sub>P</sub>-ā
| √<sub>P</sub>-as
| √<sub>P</sub>-i
| √<sub>P</sub>-āt
| rowspan = 2 | √<sub>P</sub>-is
| rowspan = 2 | √<sub>P</sub>-on
| rowspan = 2 | √<sub>P</sub>-ō
| rowspan = 2 | √<sub>P</sub>-os
| rowspan = 2 | √<sub>P</sub>-oty
| rowspan = 2 | √<sub>P</sub>-ōt
| rowspan = 2 | √<sub>P</sub>-osy
| colspan = 2; rowspan = 3 | —
| ''see below''
| √<sub>P</sub>-agon
|-
! plup.
| √<sub>P</sub>-en
| √<sub>P</sub>-ē
| √<sub>P</sub>-es
| √<sub>P</sub>-in
| √<sub>P</sub>-ēt
| —
| rowspan = 2 | —
|-
! phab.
| √<sub>P</sub>-in
| √<sub>P</sub>-ia
| √<sub>P</sub>-is
| √<sub>P</sub>-iti
| √<sub>P</sub>-iat
| √<sub>P</sub>-isi
| √<sub>P</sub>-un
| √<sub>P</sub>-ua
| √<sub>P</sub>-us
| √<sub>P</sub>-uty
| √<sub>P</sub>-uat
| √<sub>P</sub>-usy
| √<sub>P</sub>-re ({{Adj. II}})
|-
! colspan = 22 |
|-
! rowspan = 9 | Passive
! prs.
| √-aks
| √-āks
| √-aks
| √-aksi
| √-āks
| √-aksi
! rowspan = 9 |
| √-oks
| √-ōks
| √-oks
| √-oksy
| √-ōks
| √-oksy
! rowspan = 9 |
| colspan = 2  |√-āks
! rowspan = 9 |
| —
! rowspan = 9 |
| √-akson
|-
! aor.
| √-iks
| √-iaks
| √-iks
| √-iksi
| √-iaks
| √-iksi
| √-uks
| √-uaks
| √-uks
| √-uksy
| √-uaks
| √-uksy
| colspan = 2 | √-iāks
| √-iarza ({{adj. I}})
| √-iakson
|-
! colspan = 21 |
|-
! fut.
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |√-ilaks
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |√-ilāks
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |√-ilaks
| rowspan = 2 bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | √-iliks
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |√-ilāks
| rowspan = 2 bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | √-iliks
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |√-iluks
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |√-ilūks
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |√-iluks
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |√-iluksy
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |√-ilūks
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |√-iluksy
| colspan = 2 | √-ilāks
| √-ilaksa (adj. I)
| rowspan = 2 | —
|-
! npfv.
| √-ileks
| √-ilēks
| √-ileks
| √-ilēks
| √-iloks
| √-ilōks
| √-iloks
| √-iloksy
| √-ilōks
| √-iloksy
| colspan = 2 | —
| —
|-
! colspan = 21 |
|-
!  pfv.
| √<sub>P</sub>-aks
| √<sub>P</sub>-āks
| √<sub>P</sub>-aks
| √<sub>P</sub>-aksi
| √<sub>P</sub>-āks
| √<sub>P</sub>-aksi
| rowspan = 2 | √<sub>P</sub>-oks
| rowspan = 2 | √<sub>P</sub>-ōks
| rowspan = 2 | √<sub>P</sub>-oks
| rowspan = 2 | √<sub>P</sub>-oksy
| rowspan = 2 | √<sub>P</sub>-ōks
| rowspan = 2 | √<sub>P</sub>-oksy
| colspan = 2; rowspan = 3 | —
| √<sub>P</sub>-a (Adj. I)
| √<sub>P</sub>-akson
|-
! plup.
| √<sub>P</sub>-eks
| √<sub>P</sub>-ēks
| √<sub>P</sub>-eks
| √<sub>P</sub>-iks
| √<sub>P</sub>-ēks
| √<sub>P</sub>-iks
|  —
| rowspan = 2 | —
|-
! phab.
| √<sub>P</sub>-iks
| √<sub>P</sub>-iaks
| √<sub>P</sub>-iks
| √<sub>P</sub>-iksi
| √<sub>P</sub>-iaks
| √<sub>P</sub>-iksi
| √<sub>P</sub>-uks
| √<sub>P</sub>-uaks
| √<sub>P</sub>-uks
| √<sub>P</sub>-uksy
| √<sub>P</sub>-uaks
| √<sub>P</sub>-uksy
| √<sub>P</sub>-iarza (adj. I)
|}
==The Future==
==The Future==
The future is used to make projections about what is to come as well as to commit the speaker to certain actions. In English, this may be expressed like 'he is going to,' 'she will,' or 'I shall.'
The future is used to make projections about what is to come as well, in conditional statements, as well as to commit the speaker to certain actions. In English, the High Valyrian future may be expressed like 'is going to,' 'will,' or 'shall.'
 
==Vocabulary==
{| class="wikitable" width="50%"
|-
! colspan="2" | <b>Lesson Vocabulary</b>
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" |
|-
! bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | <font face="Arial" size="4">High Valyrian</font>
! bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | <font face="Arial" size="4">English</font>
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" |
|-
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | '''ānogar (1aq.)'''
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | '''blood'''
|-
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | '''solion (3ter.)'''
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | '''voyage'''
|-
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" |
|-
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | '''gierī (adv.)'''
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | '''wholly, completely, totally; dreadfully, terribly (when used with pejorative adjectives)'''
|-
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | '''tolkydoso (adv.)'''
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | '''differently'''
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" |
|-
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | '''gūrēñagon (c-fin.)'''
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | '''to learn, uncover, discover'''
|-
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | '''humbagon (c-fin.)'''
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | '''(of things) to stay, to remain (with indicative)'''
|-
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | '''ozletagon (c-fin.)'''
| align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | '''to bind'''
|}
===Consonant Final Verbs===
Below shows the future conjugation of ''maghagon''. All consonant final verbs share these personal endings. The palatals, 'lj' and 'ñ,' ''depalatalize'' before any ending that begins with 'i' or a consonant; all future endings begin in 'i' so 'lj' always becomes 'l,' and 'ñ,' always becomes 'n.'
 
{| class="wikitable"
| magh-inna
| I shall carry
| first person singular
|-
| magh-ilā
| you will carry
| second person singular
|-
| magh-ilza
| he, she, it is is going to carry
| third person singular
|-
| magh-ili
| we shall carry
| first person plural
|-
| magh-ilāt
| you (all) will carry
| second person plural
|-
| magh-ilzi
| they are going to carry
| third person plural
|}
===Vowel Final Verbs===
There are also five vowel final verb forms that have two forms in the future. These are similar to the consonant final verbs except that the 'i' becomes either 'ē' or 'ī'. The future is formed from the verbal stem plus the theme vowel change, M, plus the personal ending. They stick to this changed vowel and have an otherwise identical personal ending to consonant final verbs. In the generic conjugation below, ''√'' is the verb stem and ''M'' is the theme vowel change.
 
For ''-agon'' and ''-ogon'', M=''ē''.
 
For ''-egon'', ''-igon'', and ''-ugon'', M=''ī''.
 
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
| √-M-nna
| first person singular
|-
| √-M-lā
| second person singular
|-
| √-M-lza
| third person singular
|-
| √-M-li
| first person plural
|-
| √-M-lāt
| second person plural
|-
| √-M-lzi
| third person plural
|}
 
===Exercise 1===
Conjugate the following verbs in the future.
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
| I shall pick it up
|-
| ūī gūrēnna
|}
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
| they will eat
|-
| ipradilzi
|}
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
| y'all will know
|-
| gīmīlāt
|}
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
| we will attack
|-
| idakēlza
|}
 
==The Future Subjunctive==
The future subjunctive, like the subjunctive, indicates uncertainty and is used in negation statements ('I am not going to do that') and conditional statements ('If the king is good, we will live in peace').
===Consonant Final Verbs===
Below shows the future subjunctive conjugation of ''maghagon''. All consonant final verbs share these personal endings. The palatals, 'lj' and 'ñ,' ''depalatalize'' before any ending that begins with 'i' or a consonant; again, all future subjunctive endings begin in 'i' so 'lj' always becomes 'l,' and 'ñ,' always becomes 'n.'
 
{| class="wikitable"
| magh-ilun
| I shall carry
| first person singular
|-
| magh-ilū
| you will carry
| second person singular
|-
| magh-ilus
| he, she, it is is going to carry
| third person singular
|-
| magh-iluty
| we shall carry
| first person plural
|-
| magh-ilūt
| you (all) will carry
| second person plural
|-
| magh-ilusy
| they are going to carry
| third person plural
|}
===Vowel Final Verbs===
Vowel final verb forms also have two forms in the future subjunctive. These are similar to the consonant final verbs except that the 'i' becomes either 'ē' or 'ī'. The future subjunctive is formed from the verbal stem plus the theme vowel change, M, plus the personal ending. They stick to their theme vowel and have an identical personal ending to consonant final verbs. In the generic conjugation below, ''√'' is the verb stem and ''M'' is the theme vowel change.
 
For ''-agon'' and ''-ogon'', M=''ē''.
 
For ''-egon'', ''-igon'', and ''-ugon'', M=''ī''.
 
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
| √-M-lun
| first person singular
|-
| √-M-lū
| second person singular
|-
| √-M-lus
| third person singular
|-
| √-M-luty
| first person plural
|-
| √-M-lūt
| second person plural
|-
| √-M-lusy
| third person plural
|}
===Examples===
{| class="wikitable"
|'''High Valyrian'''
|'''English'''
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | konīr idakēluty daor
| bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | we will not attack there
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | lo dārys kōz iksos kesi gīmīlū
| bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | if the king is evil you will know this
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
|'''High Valyrian'''
|'''English'''
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | sepār tolkydoso urnegon gūrēñagon pōnto bēvulza
| bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | Then they will have to learn to see things differently
|}
 
The future subjunctive may be used with obligation constructions as well, like this example.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|'''High Valyrian'''
|'''English'''
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | pōja muña hen zȳho solio āmāzīlus daor, yn ānogrosa gierī '''ozletaksi humbilzi'''
| bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | Though their mother will not return from her voyage, '''they will all remain bound''' together in blood
|}
 
Note the construction ''ozletaksi humbilzi,'' meaning "they shall remain being bound," that uses the combination of a present passive and future active conjugation.
 
===Exercise 2===
Translate to High Valyrian.
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
| if you speak to me, I shall not listen to you
|-
| lo yne ȳdraō, avy rȳbinna daor
|}
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
| he will listen to you when turtles can fly
|-
| avy rȳbilza skorī qintra sōvegon kostilus
|}
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
| y'all will not be destroyed
|-
| pryjēlūt daor
|}
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
| we will not give her gifts
|-
| zijot irūdi irughilus daor
|}
 
==The Future Passive==
===Consonant Final Verbs===
Below shows the passive future conjugation of ''maghagon''. All consonant final verbs share these personal endings. The palatals, 'lj' and 'ñ,' ''depalatalize'' before any ending that begins with 'i' or a consonant; again, all future passive endings begin in 'i' so 'lj' always becomes 'l,' and 'ñ,' always becomes 'n.'
 
{| class="wikitable"
| magh-ilaks
| I shall be carried
| first person singular
|-
| magh-ilāks
| you will be carried
| second person singular
|-
| magh-ilaks
| he, she, it is going to be carried
| third person singular
|-
| magh-iliks
| we shall be carried
| first person plural
|-
| magh-ilāks
| you (all) are going to be carried
| second person plural
|-
| magh-iliks
| they will be carried
| third person plural
|}
 
===Vowel Final Verbs===
Vowel final verb forms also have two forms in the future passive. These are similar to the consonant final verbs except that the 'i' becomes either 'ē' or 'ī'. The future passive is formed from the verbal stem plus the theme vowel change, M, plus the personal ending. They stick to their theme vowel and have an identical personal ending to consonant final verbs. In the generic conjugation below, ''√'' is the verb stem and ''M'' is the theme vowel change.
 
For ''-agon'' and ''-ogon'', M=''ē''.
 
For ''-egon'', ''-igon'', and ''-ugon'', M=''ī''.
 
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
| √-M-laks
| first person singular
|-
| √-M-lāks
| second person singular
|-
| √-M-laks
| third person singular
|-
| √-M-liks
| first person plural
|-
| √-M-lāks
| second person plural
|-
| √-M-liks
| third person plural
|}
 
===Exercise 3===
Conjugate the following verbs in the future passive.
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
| we will be loved
|-
| jorrāeliliks
|}
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
| y'all are going to be calmed
|-
| lykemilāks
|}
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
| you are going to be destroyed
|-
| pryjēlāks
|}
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
| I will be spoken to
|-
| ȳdrēlaks
|}
 
==The Future Passive Subjunctive==
===Consonant Final Verbs===
Below shows the passive future subjunctive conjugation of ''maghagon''. All consonant final verbs share these personal endings.
 
{| class="wikitable"
| magh-iluks
| I shall be carried
| first person singular
|-
| magh-ilūks
| you will be carried
| second person singular
|-
| magh-iluks
| he, she, it is going to be carried
| third person singular
|-
| magh-iluksy
| we shall be carried
| first person plural
|-
| magh-ilūks
| you (all) are going to be carried
| second person plural
|-
| magh-iluksy
| they will be carried
| third person plural
|}
===Vowel Final Verbs===
Vowel final verb forms also have two forms in the future passive subjunctive. These are similar to the consonant final verbs except that the 'i' becomes either 'ē' or 'ī'. The future subjunctive is formed from the verbal stem plus the theme vowel change, M, plus the personal ending. They stick to their theme vowel and have an identical personal ending to consonant final verbs. In the generic conjugation below, ''√'' is the verb stem and ''M'' is the theme vowel change.
 
For ''-agon'' and ''-ogon'', M=''ē''.
 
For ''-egon'', ''-igon'', and ''-ugon'', M=''ī''.
 
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
| √-M-luks
| first person singular
|-
| √-M-lūks
| second person singular
|-
| √-M-luks
| third person singular
|-
| √-M-luksy
| first person plural
|-
| √-M-lūks
| second person plural
|-
| √-M-luksy
| third person plural
|}
===Exercise 4===
Translate into High Valyrian.
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
| I will not be sitting on the ground
|-
| tegot udēmēluks daor
|}
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
| if I can grab my horse he would be being brushed
|-
| lo ñuhe annī onduragon kostos zijot rāeniluks
|}
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
| if you liberate the city from the masters no one would be being enslaved
|-
| lo āeksȳti oktion dāeremō daorys belmuriluks daor
|}
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
| the knight who would be being betrayed was enticed
|-
| qrimpālīluks lȳs azantys zoklākotas
|}
==Attribution==
<div style="padding: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; border: 1px; background-color: #eee; width: 65%;">
"[https://en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/Latin/Lesson_3-Future Lesson 3-Future]" by [https://en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/Latin/Authors S. W. Farnsworth et al] is licensed under [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ CC BY 3.0] / This adaptation for High Valyrian aims to retain the format and pedagogy from the original</div>

Latest revision as of 11:47, 8 March 2023

Lesson 6| The Future

Indicative Subjunctive Imperative Participle Infinitive
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
1s 2s 3s 1pl 2pl 3pl 1s 2s 3s 1pl 2pl 3pl 2s 2pl
Active
prs. √-an √-ā √-as √-i √-āt √-is √-on √-ō √-os √-oty √-ōt √-osy √-ās √-ātās √-are (adj. II) √-agon
aor. √-in √-ia √-is √-iti √-iat √-isi √-un √-ua √-us √-uty √-uat √-usy √-iās √-iātās √-ire (adj. II) √-igon
fut. √-inna √-ilā √-ilza √-ili √-ilāt √-ilzi √-ilun √-ilū √-ilus √-iluty √-ilūt √-ilusy √-ilās √-ilātās √-ilare (adj. II) —
npfv. √-ilen √-ilē √-iles √-ilin √-ilēt √-ilis √-ilon √-ilō √-ilos √-iloty √-ilōt √-ilosy — —
pfv. √P-an √P-ā √P-as √P-i √P-āt √P-is √P-on √P-ō √P-os √P-oty √P-ōt √P-osy — see below √P-agon
plup. √P-en √P-ē √P-es √P-in √P-ēt — —
phab. √P-in √P-ia √P-is √P-iti √P-iat √P-isi √P-un √P-ua √P-us √P-uty √P-uat √P-usy √P-re (adj. II)
Passive prs. √-aks √-āks √-aks √-aksi √-āks √-aksi √-oks √-ōks √-oks √-oksy √-ōks √-oksy √-āks — √-akson
aor. √-iks √-iaks √-iks √-iksi √-iaks √-iksi √-uks √-uaks √-uks √-uksy √-uaks √-uksy √-iāks √-iarza (adj. I) √-iakson
fut. √-ilaks √-ilāks √-ilaks √-iliks √-ilāks √-iliks √-iluks √-ilūks √-iluks √-iluksy √-ilūks √-iluksy √-ilāks √-ilaksa (adj. I) —
npfv. √-ileks √-ilēks √-ileks √-ilēks √-iloks √-ilōks √-iloks √-iloksy √-ilōks √-iloksy — —
pfv. √P-aks √P-āks √P-aks √P-aksi √P-āks √P-aksi √P-oks √P-ōks √P-oks √P-oksy √P-ōks √P-oksy — √P-a (Adj. I) √P-akson
plup. √P-eks √P-ēks √P-eks √P-iks √P-ēks √P-iks — —
phab. √P-iks √P-iaks √P-iks √P-iksi √P-iaks √P-iksi √P-uks √P-uaks √P-uks √P-uksy √P-uaks √P-uksy √P-iarza (adj. I)

The Future

The future is used to make projections about what is to come as well, in conditional statements, as well as to commit the speaker to certain actions. In English, the High Valyrian future may be expressed like 'is going to,' 'will,' or 'shall.'

Vocabulary

Lesson Vocabulary
High Valyrian English
ānogar (1aq.) blood
solion (3ter.) voyage
gierī (adv.) wholly, completely, totally; dreadfully, terribly (when used with pejorative adjectives)
tolkydoso (adv.) differently
gūrēñagon (c-fin.) to learn, uncover, discover
humbagon (c-fin.) (of things) to stay, to remain (with indicative)
ozletagon (c-fin.) to bind

Consonant Final Verbs

Below shows the future conjugation of maghagon. All consonant final verbs share these personal endings. The palatals, 'lj' and 'ñ,' depalatalize before any ending that begins with 'i' or a consonant; all future endings begin in 'i' so 'lj' always becomes 'l,' and 'ñ,' always becomes 'n.'

magh-inna I shall carry first person singular
magh-ilā you will carry second person singular
magh-ilza he, she, it is is going to carry third person singular
magh-ili we shall carry first person plural
magh-ilāt you (all) will carry second person plural
magh-ilzi they are going to carry third person plural

Vowel Final Verbs

There are also five vowel final verb forms that have two forms in the future. These are similar to the consonant final verbs except that the 'i' becomes either 'ē' or 'ī'. The future is formed from the verbal stem plus the theme vowel change, M, plus the personal ending. They stick to this changed vowel and have an otherwise identical personal ending to consonant final verbs. In the generic conjugation below, √ is the verb stem and M is the theme vowel change.

For -agon and -ogon, M=ē.

For -egon, -igon, and -ugon, M=ī.

√-M-nna first person singular
√-M-lā second person singular
√-M-lza third person singular
√-M-li first person plural
√-M-lāt second person plural
√-M-lzi third person plural

Exercise 1

Conjugate the following verbs in the future.

The Future Subjunctive

The future subjunctive, like the subjunctive, indicates uncertainty and is used in negation statements ('I am not going to do that') and conditional statements ('If the king is good, we will live in peace').

Consonant Final Verbs

Below shows the future subjunctive conjugation of maghagon. All consonant final verbs share these personal endings. The palatals, 'lj' and 'ñ,' depalatalize before any ending that begins with 'i' or a consonant; again, all future subjunctive endings begin in 'i' so 'lj' always becomes 'l,' and 'ñ,' always becomes 'n.'

magh-ilun I shall carry first person singular
magh-ilū you will carry second person singular
magh-ilus he, she, it is is going to carry third person singular
magh-iluty we shall carry first person plural
magh-ilūt you (all) will carry second person plural
magh-ilusy they are going to carry third person plural

Vowel Final Verbs

Vowel final verb forms also have two forms in the future subjunctive. These are similar to the consonant final verbs except that the 'i' becomes either 'ē' or 'ī'. The future subjunctive is formed from the verbal stem plus the theme vowel change, M, plus the personal ending. They stick to their theme vowel and have an identical personal ending to consonant final verbs. In the generic conjugation below, √ is the verb stem and M is the theme vowel change.

For -agon and -ogon, M=ē.

For -egon, -igon, and -ugon, M=ī.

√-M-lun first person singular
√-M-lū second person singular
√-M-lus third person singular
√-M-luty first person plural
√-M-lūt second person plural
√-M-lusy third person plural

Examples

High Valyrian English
konīr idakēluty daor we will not attack there
lo dārys kōz iksos kesi gīmīlū if the king is evil you will know this
High Valyrian English
sepār tolkydoso urnegon gūrēñagon pōnto bēvulza Then they will have to learn to see things differently

The future subjunctive may be used with obligation constructions as well, like this example.

High Valyrian English
pōja muña hen zȳho solio āmāzīlus daor, yn ānogrosa gierī ozletaksi humbilzi Though their mother will not return from her voyage, they will all remain bound together in blood

Note the construction ozletaksi humbilzi, meaning "they shall remain being bound," that uses the combination of a present passive and future active conjugation.

Exercise 2

Translate to High Valyrian.

The Future Passive

Consonant Final Verbs

Below shows the passive future conjugation of maghagon. All consonant final verbs share these personal endings. The palatals, 'lj' and 'ñ,' depalatalize before any ending that begins with 'i' or a consonant; again, all future passive endings begin in 'i' so 'lj' always becomes 'l,' and 'ñ,' always becomes 'n.'

magh-ilaks I shall be carried first person singular
magh-ilāks you will be carried second person singular
magh-ilaks he, she, it is going to be carried third person singular
magh-iliks we shall be carried first person plural
magh-ilāks you (all) are going to be carried second person plural
magh-iliks they will be carried third person plural

Vowel Final Verbs

Vowel final verb forms also have two forms in the future passive. These are similar to the consonant final verbs except that the 'i' becomes either 'ē' or 'ī'. The future passive is formed from the verbal stem plus the theme vowel change, M, plus the personal ending. They stick to their theme vowel and have an identical personal ending to consonant final verbs. In the generic conjugation below, √ is the verb stem and M is the theme vowel change.

For -agon and -ogon, M=ē.

For -egon, -igon, and -ugon, M=ī.

√-M-laks first person singular
√-M-lāks second person singular
√-M-laks third person singular
√-M-liks first person plural
√-M-lāks second person plural
√-M-liks third person plural

Exercise 3

Conjugate the following verbs in the future passive.

The Future Passive Subjunctive

Consonant Final Verbs

Below shows the passive future subjunctive conjugation of maghagon. All consonant final verbs share these personal endings.

magh-iluks I shall be carried first person singular
magh-ilūks you will be carried second person singular
magh-iluks he, she, it is going to be carried third person singular
magh-iluksy we shall be carried first person plural
magh-ilūks you (all) are going to be carried second person plural
magh-iluksy they will be carried third person plural

Vowel Final Verbs

Vowel final verb forms also have two forms in the future passive subjunctive. These are similar to the consonant final verbs except that the 'i' becomes either 'ē' or 'ī'. The future subjunctive is formed from the verbal stem plus the theme vowel change, M, plus the personal ending. They stick to their theme vowel and have an identical personal ending to consonant final verbs. In the generic conjugation below, √ is the verb stem and M is the theme vowel change.

For -agon and -ogon, M=ē.

For -egon, -igon, and -ugon, M=ī.

√-M-luks first person singular
√-M-lūks second person singular
√-M-luks third person singular
√-M-luksy first person plural
√-M-lūks second person plural
√-M-luksy third person plural

Exercise 4

Translate into High Valyrian.

Attribution

"Lesson 3-Future" by S. W. Farnsworth et al is licensed under CC BY 3.0 / This adaptation for High Valyrian aims to retain the format and pedagogy from the original
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