View source for User:Najahho/High Valyrian Derivational Affixes

Derivational affixes are prefixes and suffixes used to create a new word, as opposed to inflectional affixes, which are used to inflect an existing word. In some cases it is debatable whether a particular affix is inflectional or derivational; in general, such questionable affixes are included here just in case.

== Adjectives ==
'''-enka'''{{ID|-enka}}{{ID|-enk-}} {{gr|-ys, -on, -or}} ''{{adj. I}}'': ''forms adjectives from nouns, which are usually used like nouns that are put before other nouns adjectively or adjectives ending in -like in English'': 
* {{HVlex|āegenka|āeg·enka}} "iron", < ''{{HVlex|aegion}}'' "iron"
* {{HVlex|gēlenka|gēl·enka}} "silver"
* {{HVlex|grevenka|grev·enka}} "round" < ''{{HVlex|grevy}}'', so lit. "wheel-like"
* {{HVlex|hūrenka|hūr·enka}} "lunar"
* {{HVlex|nēdenka|nēd·enka}} "brave"
* {{HVlex|qrinuntenka|qrinunt·enka}} "antagonistic" < ''{{HVlex|qrinuntys}}'', so lit. "enemy"
* {{HVlex|quptenka|qupt·enka}} "Common" '' literally'' "pagan, of the heathen, of the commoners"
* {{HVlex|vaogenka|vaog·enka}} "dirty"
* {{HVlex|vēzenka|vēz·enka}} "solar"
* poss. {{HVlex|hēnka}} "the same" < ''{{HVlex|hae}}''?


'''do(r)-'''{{ID|do-}}{{ID|dor-}}: ''forms negatives'':
* {{HVlex|dorolvie|dor·olvie}} "few"
* {{HVlex|dorzālty|Dor·zālty}} "Unburnt", substantivized form of '''*dorzālta''' "unburnt" < {{HVder|do-}} + {{HVlex|zālagon|zālta}}
* {{HVlex|dovaogēdy|Do·vaogēdy}} "Unsullied", substantivized form of '''*dovaogēda''' "unsullied" < {{HVder|do-}} + ''{{HVlex|vaogemagon}}''

'''-ēgrie'''{{ID|-ēgrie}} {{gr|-ēgrior}} {{adj. III}}: ''some kind of intensifier'':
* {{HVlex|rōvēgrie|rōv·ēgrie}} "enormous, huge, great" < {{HVlex|rōva}} "big"
* {{HVlex|qupēgrie|qup·ēgrie}} "terrible" < {{HVlex|quba}} "bad"

'''nā-'''''{{ID|nā-}} forms opposites, similarly to English "un-"'' (also used for [[#nā-2|verbs]], participles and nouns):
* {{HVlex|nākostōba}} "weak" <ref>(presupposed by {{HVlex|nākostōbāves|nā·kostōbā·ves}}, before confirmed)</ref>
* {{HVlex|nāmorghūlilare|nā·morghūlilare}} ''-ior'' "immortal"<ref>http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/51979081366/i-must-say-i-love-your-work-is-there-a-translation</ref>, lit. "undying"

'''-(o)qitta'''{{ID|-oqitta}}{{ID|-qitta}} {{gr|-ys, -on, -or}} ''{{adj. I}}'': ''privative/abessive, indicates lack of something, like English ''-less''. Possibly a perfect participle in origin.''
* {{HVlex|laehurloqitta|laehurl·oqitta}} "faceless"
* {{HVlex|ñōghoqitta|ñōgh·oqitta}} "armless"
* {{HVlex|mōrqitta|mōr·qitta}} "endless"
''The -o- is added if the stem of the primary word cannot form a cluster with the following -q-.''


'''-(s)īha'''{{ID|-sīha}}{{ID|-īha}} {{gr|-ys, -on, -or}} ''{{adj. I}}'': ''forms locative adjectives, which indicate the place a noun is associated with''.
* {{HVlex|Valyrīha|Valyr·īha}}: "Valyrian"
* {{HVlex|Volantīha|Volant·īha}} "Volantene"
* {{HVlex|endīha|end·īha}} "western"
* {{AVlex|Vesterozia|*Vestero·sīha}}: "Westerosi"<ref>"Nope. There is another possibility here, and it has to do with the ending ''-zia'' (or, in High Valyrian proper, ''-sīha'')." —[http://www.dothraki.com/2013/06/mhysa/#comment-1926 DJP], regarding the AV word {{AVlex|Vesterozia}}</ref>

'''-(h)ōñe'''{{ID|-ōñe}}{{ID|-hōñe}} {{gr|-ōñor}} ''{{adj. II}}'' ''forms ablative adjectives, denoting origins'':
* {{HVlex|embōñe|emb·ōñe}} "aquatic"
* {{HVlex|pelōñe|pel·ōñe}} "coming from the waves"
* {{HVlex|qelbōñe|qelb·ōñe}} "coming from a river"
* {{HVlex|tegōñe|teg·ōñe}} "terrestrial"
* {{HVlex|vējōñe|vēj·ōñe}} "southern"


'''-lie'''{{ID|-lie}} ''adj. III'', allophones '''-rie''', '''-nie'''. ''
* {{HVlex|tōmelie|tōme·lie}} "fifth"
* (See [[High Valyrian Number System]] for other examples.)

== Adverbs ==
'''-ī'''{{ID|-ī}} ''(for [[High Valyrian Adjectives#Class II|class II]] and [[High Valyrian Adjectives#Class III|III adjectives]])'', '''-irī'''{{ID|-irī}} ''(for [[High Valyrian Adjectives#Class I|class I]])'': ''basic adverbial suffix.''
* {{HVlex|aderī|ader·ī}}: "soon"
* {{HVlex|arlī|arl·ī}}: "back, again"
* {{HVlex|hēnkirī|hēnk·irī}}: "together"
* {{HVlex|nedenkirī|nedenk·irī}}: "bravely"
* {{HVlex|mērī|mēr·ī}}: "only, alone"
<!--;* {{HVlex|morī|mor·ī}}: "finally" (if this is not better analyzed as a locative)-->
* {{HVlex|rōvēgrī|rōvēgr·ī}}: "greatly"
* {{HVlex|sȳrī|sȳr·ī}}: "well"
* {{HVlex|tolī|tol·ī}}: "above; afterwards"
* {{HVlex|trūmirī|trūm·irī}}: "deeply"

'''-kydoso'''{{ID|-kydoso}}: ''forms adverbs from pronouns, seems to be an instrumental in origin. (cf. AV '''''-kydho''', {{HVlex|kydȳbagon|kyd·ȳbagon}}.)''
* {{HVlex|keskydoso|kes·kydoso}}: "in this way," "thusly," "similarly"
* {{HVder|skorkydoso|skor·kydoso}}: "in what way?" "How?"


== Nouns ==
'''-āzma'''{{ID|-āzma}} ''{{1lun}}.'': ''augmentative.<ref>http://www.dothraki.com/2013/04/sesir-urnebion-z%C8%B3hon-keliton-issa/#comment-3267</ref> <!--;Seems to form nouns from verbs, somewhat like English ''-ing'', ''-tion''.-->
* {{HVlex|brāedāzma|brāed·āzma}} "bronze.", ''lit. "great copper" < {{HVlex|brāedion}}'' 
* {{HVlex|jelmāzma|jelm·āzma}} "storm, violent wind." ''< {{HVlex|jelmio}} "wind"''
* {{HVlex|nūmāzma|nūm·āzma}} "meaning." ''< {{HVlex|nūmo}} "seed"''
* {{HVlex|vīlībāzma|vīlīb·āzma}} "war."

'''-albar'''{{ID|-albar}} ''{{1aq}}.'': ''augmentative.''
* {{HVlex|geralbar|ger·albar}} "road",'' lit. "great walk" < {{HVlex|geron}}'' 
* {{HVlex|egralbar|egr·albar}} "spear", ''lit. "great blade" < {{HVlex|egros}}''


'''-ītsos'''{{ID|-ītsos}} ''{{3sol}}.'': ''diminutive, seems to form nouns specifically from nouns and indicates their smaller version.''
* {{HVlex|riñītsos|riñ·ītsos}} "little child, little girl"
* {{HVlex|tāemītsos|tāem·ītsos}} "stick" (presumably 'little branch' or the like.)
* {{HVlex|zoklītsos|zokl·ītsos}} "little wolf"

'''-iapos'''{{ID|-iapos}} ''{{3sol}}.'': ''diminutive, forms nouns from nouns, verbs and adjectives(participles),specifically indicating something small with related meaning.''
* {{HVlex|pirtiapos|pirt·iapos}} < {{HVlex|pirta}}
* {{HVlex|greviapos|grev·iapos}} < {{HVlex|grevion}}
* {{HVlex|rūniapos|rūn·iapos}} < {{HVlex|rūnigon}}
* {{HVlex|gēliapos|gēl·iapos}} < {{HVlex|gēlion}}

'''-anna'''{{ID|-anna}} ''{{1lun}}.'': ''diminutive, seems to form from nouns and verbs.''
* {{HVlex|bartanna|bart·anna}} "skull" < {{HVlex|bartos}} "head"
* {{HVlex|soljanna|solj·anna}} "rudder" < {{HVlex|soljagon}} "to sail"
* {{HVlex|ziksanna|ziks·anna}} "hat" < {{HVlex|ziksos}} "sculp"
:Perhaps the kinship terms for cross cousins are of this origin: {{HVlex|iāpanna}}, {{HVlex|qȳbranna}}, {{HVlex|velmanna}}, {{HVlex|ñābranna}}.

'''-io'''{{ID|-io}} ''{{3lun}}.'': ''augmentative, that is, specifically the opposite of the diminutive.''
* {{HVlex|kēlio|kēl·io}} "lion ('great cat.')"
* poss. {{HVlex|nūmio|nūm·io}} "pearl ('great seed.')"
* poss. {{HVlex|ōdrio|ōdr·io}} "wound ('great damage.')"
* possibly also the source of Low Valyrian names like '''Syrio''', '''Daario'''.

'''-kio'''{{ID|-kio}}''(for V-fin)'', '''-io'''{{ID|-io}} ''(for C-fin) {{3lun}}. It forms nomina agentis aka. agent nouns from verbs, which indicate the entity acting. Similar to English "-er, -or". :''
* {{HVlex|arlinio|arlin·io}} "changer"
* {{HVlex|kaerīnio|kaerīn·io}} "savior"
* {{HVlex|mīsio|mīs·io}} "protector"
* {{HVlex|sētekio|sēte·kio}} "forger"
* {{HVlex|qrimpālekio|qrimpāle·kio}} "traitor"
* poss. {{HVlex|peldio|peld·io}} "snake ('lit. wiggler?')"

'''-illa'''{{ID|-illa}}'' {{1lun|1aq}}. (note anomalous gender)<ref>https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/451761993121161216, http://www.dothraki.com/2015/01/asshekhqoyi-anni-save-save-save/#comment-85524</ref>'': ''associated with byproducts<ref>http://www.dothraki.com/2015/06/valahd/</ref>, seems to form from nouns and verbs. Might be mutated to '''-ella''' or '''-īlla''' due to contraction of the stem vowel of a vowel-final verb.''
* {{HVlex|averilla|aver·illa}} "wine."
* {{HVlex|pāletilla|pālet·illa}} "crown."
* {{HVlex|pungilla|pung·illa}} "nostril."
* {{HVlex|qlādīlla|qlād·īlla < *qlādu·illa}} "strip"
* {{HVlex|rakella|rake·lla < *rake·illa}} "experience"

'''-ion'''{{ID|-ion}}'' {{3ter.i}}.'': ''There appear to be several meanings for this suffix, or rather several suffixes of this form. Among these are:''
# The "type 2," or "generic" [[High Valyrian Adjectives#Substantives|substantive form]] for adjectives of class I and II.
# An allomorph of the [[#-lion|-lion]] suffix before some consonant-final verbs, used to indicate places.
# Sometimes used to form verbal nouns, as in {{HVlex|urnēbion|urnēb·ion}} "watch."
# Used to form abstract nouns off of titles, as {{HVlex|dārion|dār·ion}} "kingdom" (from {{HVlex|dārys}} "king") or {{HVlex|jention|jent·ion}} "leadership" (from {{HVlex|jentys}} "leader.") It is not certain if this suffix is productive enough to assume words like, e.g., '''*voktion''' "priesthood."

'''-lion'''{{ID|-lion}}'' (for V-fin)'', '''-ion'''{{ID|-ion}}'' (for C-fin), {{3ter.i}}. Forms nomina loci or place names from verbs. Seems to have originated from the breaking down of {{HVlex|ālion}} "place":''
* {{HVlex|dēmalion|dēma·lion}} "throne ('sitting place.')"
* {{HVlex|sindilion|sindi·lion}} "market ('buying place.')"
* {{HVlex|jiōrion|jiōr·ion}} "reception hall"
* limalion "crying place." ''A nonce word, which DJP coined as an example.''

'''-urlion'''{{ID|-urlion}}'' {{3ter.i}}. Forms nouns indicating the place associated with the noun from which they are formed. Perhaps it is related to {{HVder|-uragon}}'':
* {{HVlex|laehurlion|laeh·urlion}} "face", ''lit. "the place associated with the eyes."''
* {{HVlex|zenturlion|zent·urlion}} "inn", ''lit. "the place associated with guests"''
* {{HVlex|Sōdrurlion|Sōdr·urlion}} "Winterfell", < {{HVlex|sōnar|sōdr-}} "winter"
*perh. {{HVlex|gevurlion|gev·urlion}} "park", ''either from the adjective {{HVlex|gevie}} or a related word''

'''-mio'''{{ID|-mio}}'' {{3lun}}. Unknown meaning. Forms nouns form verbs. Seems to be older in origin and to have lost productivity in modern times:
* {{HVlex|pālemio|pāle·mio}} "wrist" ''< {{HVlex|pālegon}} "to twist"''
* {{HVlex|hilmio|hil·mio}} "punch" ''< {{HVlex|hīlagon}} "to hit" - vowel shortening''
* {{HVlex|jelmio|jel·mio}} "wind" ''< root '''*jel-''', cf. {{HVlex|jelēbagon}}''
* {{HVlex|daomio|dao·mio}} "rain" ''< original root '''*daw-''', cf. {{HVlex|davābagon|dav·ābagon}}''
* {{HVlex|remio|re·mio}} "gate" ''< root '''*re-''', cf. {{HVlex|rēbagon}} < '''*re-''' + {{HVder|-ēbagon}}''


'''-non'''{{ID|-non}}'' {{3ter}}.'': ''used to form nomina actionis or action nouns from verbs.
* {{HVlex|arlinnon|arlin·non}} "change" < {{HVlex|arliñagon}}
* {{HVlex|ērinnon|ērin·non}} "victory"
* {{HVlex|hepnon|hep·non}} "climb."
* {{HVlex|iderennon|ideren·non}} "choice." ''(with assimilation of '''''-b-''''' to '''''-n-''''')''
* {{HVlex|ossȳngnon|ossȳng·non}} "terror."
* {{HVlex|qrīdronnor|qrīdron·no·r}} (col.) "chaos" ''(with assimilation of '''''-l-''''' to the '''''-n-''''')''<ref>Cf. also the hypothetical '''obūnnon''' < {{HVlex|obūljagon}}, discussed at http://www.dothraki.com/2015/01/asshekhqoyi-anni-save-save-save/#comment-85568</ref>
* {{HVlex|gierūlnon|gierūl·non}} "gathering" ''(the palatal preserves the liquid)''
* {{HVlex|raqnon|raq·non}} "love."
* {{HVlex|rijnor|rij·no·r}}  (col.) "praise"
* {{HVlex|vaoreznon|vaorez·non}} "favor" ''(with voicing assimilation of the '''''-s-'''''.)''
* poss. {{HVlex|kȳvanon|kȳva·non}} "plan."

'''-nes''' {{ID|-nes}}'' {{4sol}}.: used to form event nouns from verbs.
* {{HVlex|dakones|dako·nes}} "(running) race"
* {{HVlex|iderennes|ideren·nes}} "trial" ''(with assimilation of '''''-b-''''' to '''''-n-''''')''
* {{HVlex|rhovnes|rhov·nes}} "auction"

'''-tys'''{{ID|-tys}}'' {{2sol}}.'': agentive suffix;''a common noun ending, possibly originating from the perfect participle. Seems to be especially frequent in the names of professions.''
* {{HVlex|azantys|azan·tys}} "soldier"
* {{HVlex|belmurtys|belmur·tys}} "slaver"
* {{HVlex|jentys|jen·tys}} "leader"
* {{HVlex|loktys|lok·tys}} "sailor"
* {{HVlex|mentys|men·tys}} "soldier"
* {{HVlex|mittys|mit·tys}} "fool"
* {{HVlex|qrinuntys|qrinun·tys}} "enemy"
* {{HVlex|quptys|qup·tys}} "heathen"
* {{HVlex|voktys|vok·tys}} "priest"
* {{HVlex|zentys|zen·tys}} "guest"
also:
* {{HVlex|hēdys}} "butcher"
''Often (but not always) occurs as '''''-rys'''''{{ID|-rys}} after a vowel:''<ref>http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/88694557124/love-your-work-in-game-of-thrones-i-was-wondering-if#disqus_thread</ref>
*  {{HVlex|arghurys|arghu·rys}} "hunter"
*  {{HVlex|jurnerys|jurne·rys}} "lookout"
*  {{HVlex|urnerys|urne·rys}} "dragon keeper"
<!--;:''This may be the ultimate origin of words like'' {{HVlex|dārys|dā·rys}} king'', ''{{HVlex|ābrazyrys|ābrazy·rys}} wife'', ''{{HVlex|valzyrys|valzy·rys}} husband''.''-->

'''-ys'''{{ID|-ys}}'' {{2sol}}. Forms nouns from verbs from their present participle, the stem of which ends in '''''-r-''''', resulting most of the time in a suffix '''-(a)rys'''', being often identical to the above suffix; carries the meaning of "the evidence of x action":''
* {{HVlex|jaelarys|jaelar·ys}} "hope" ''< {{HVlex|jaelagon}} "to hope, to want"''
* {{HVlex|hegharys|heghar·ys}} "carcass" ''< {{HVlex|heghagon}} "to slaughter"''
* {{HVlex|issarys|issar·ys}} "existence" ''< {{HVlex|sagon}} "to be"''
* {{HVlex|jehikarys|jehikar·ys}} "radiance" ''< {{HVlex|jehikagon}} "to shine"
* {{HVlex|puatarys|puatar·ys}} "mould" ''< {{HVlex|puatagon}} "to rot"
* {{HVlex|rijībarys|rijībar·ys}} "dependence" ''< {{HVlex|rijībagon}} "to obey"
* {{HVlex|rūnarys|rūnar·ys}} "nostalgia" ''< {{HVlex|rūnagon}} "to remember"
* {{HVlex|sēterys|sēter·ys}} "form" ''< {{HVlex|sētegon}} "to shape"
* {{HVlex|sikarys|sikar·ys}} "placenta" ''< {{HVlex|sikagon}} "to give birth to"
* {{HVlex|zālarys|zālar·ys}} "burn mark" ''< {{HVlex|zālagon}} "to burn"

'''-ves'''{{ID|-ves}} ''(for [[High Valyrian Adjectives#Class II|class II adjective]])'', '''-ives'''{{ID|-ives}} ''([[High Valyrian Adjectives#Class III|class III]])'', '''-āves'''{{ID|-āves}} ''(for [[High Valyrian Adjectives#Class I|class I]]) {{4sol}}.'': ''forms abstract nouns out of adjectives, like English ''-ness''.
* {{HVlex|aderves|ader·ves}}: "swiftness." 
* {{HVlex|biarves|biar·ves}}: "jubilation"
* {{HVlex|dāerves|dāer·ves}}: "freedom."
* {{HVlex|gevives|gev·ives}}: "beauty"
* {{HVlex|iōrves|iōr·ves}} ''(from ''*{{HVlex|iosre|iosr}}<b>·ves</b>'')'': cold
* {{HVlex|kirimves|kirim·ves}}: "happiness" ''(with assimilation of '''''n'''''.)'' 
* {{HVlex|nākostōbāves|nākostōb·āves}}: "weakness"
* {{HVlex|dobotēdāves|dobotēd·āves}}: "ignorance"
* {{HVlex|qrinuntenkāves|qrinuntenk·āves}}: "antagonism"
* {{HVlex|dijāves|dij·āves}}: "heat"

'''-vos'''{{ID|-vos}} ''{{3sol}}.'': ''forms names of implements from verbs:''
* {{HVlex|hepvos|hep·vos}}: "ladder"
* {{HVlex|mīsvos|mīs·vos}}: "armour", ''"protecting implement"''
* {{HVlex|ohīlvos|ohīl·vos}}: "dagger" ''< {{HVlex|ohīlagon}} "to stab"''
* {{HVlex|zgiēñemvos|zgiēñem·vos}}: "medicine" ''< {{HVlex|zgiēñemagon}} "to heal"''
* {{HVlex|qrimbrōzvos|qrimbrōz·vos}}: "curse"


== Verbs ==
:''See also'' [[High Valyrian Verbal Prefixes]]
'''a-'''{{ID|a-}}, '''h-'''{{ID|h-}}, '''s-'''{{ID|s-}}, '''z-'''{{ID|z-}}: ''[[High Valyrian Verbal Prefixes#Instrumentive|instrumental-passive]].''<ref>https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/373584938353717248</ref> ''Promotes an instrument to the subject of the sentence.''
* {{HVlex|ajomemēbagon|a·jomemēbagon}} "to rage on."
* {{HVlex|hezīmagon|h·ezīmagon}} "to split."
* {{HVlex|spryjagon|s·pryjagon}} "to destroy"
* {{HVlex|zgiēñemagon|z·giēñemagon}} "to heal"

'''-ābagon''''', see '''''[[#-ēbagon|-ēbagon]]'''.

'''-ākogon'''{{ID|-ākogon}} : "transformative", ''forms verbs from nouns with the meaning of "to turn into x"''. Takes object in the locative, likely for the same reason {{HVlex|hae}} &rarr;loc.'':
: Perfect: '''-ākotan'''
* {{HVlex|āeksākogon|āeks·ākogon}} "to champion"
* {{HVlex|jehākogon|jeh·ākogon}} "to cheer up" < '''*jeh-'''~"bright"
* {{HVlex|naenākogon|naen·ākogon}} "to multiply" < {{HVlex|naena}} "multitude"
* {{HVlex|zoklākogon|zokl·ākogon}} "to entice" < {{HVlex|zokla}} "wolf"

'''ā-'''{{ID|ā-}} ''(for C-fin)'', '''ar-'''{{ID|ar-}} ''(for V-fin)'': "repetitive", ''very rare and few known examples; unknown semantic difference with[[#-ligon|-ligon]]:
* {{HVlex|āmāzigon|ā·māzigon}} "to come again, to return"
* {{HVlex|āmazverdagon|ā·mazverdagon}} "to recreate"
* {{HVlex|āsikagon|ā·sikagon}} "to bear again"


'''bē-'''{{ID|bē-}}: ''upon, about. Identical to the [[High Valyrian Adpositions|postposition]] ''{{HVlex|bē}}''. Always aplied on a [[High Valyrian Verbal Prefixes#Locative applicative|locative applicative]] verb.
* {{HVlex|bēvilagon|bē·v·ilagon}} "to be incumbent on."
* {{HVlex|bēuvāedagon|bē·u·vāedagon}} "to sing about." 
* {{HVlex|bēvumbagon|bē·v·umbagon}} "to float", ''lit. "to stay up"''

'''-ēbagon''', '''-ībagon''', '''-ūbagon''', '''-ōbagon''', '''-ābagon''', '''-ȳbagon'''{{ID|-ēb}}{{ID|-ēbagon}}{{ID|-īb}}{{ID|-ībagon}}{{ID|-ūb}}{{ID|-ūbagon}}{{ID|-āb}}{{ID|-ābagon}}{{ID|-ōb}}{{ID|-ōbagon}}{{ID|-ȳb}}{{ID|-ȳbagon}} ''{{HVverb|b}} (vowel appears to echo the last in the verb stem if C-fin., or combine with the final vowel if V-fin.)'': ''Probably has no meaning in itself,<ref>Cf. "Also, it might help to know that, even though not all the affixes have any meaning, but the second word segments as ''syt-i-vīl-īb-il-āt.'' —[http://www.dothraki.com/2013/05/hepnon/#comment-1537 DJP]</ref> but rather is used to create verbs with adjacent meanings to the parent verbs.''
: Perfect: '''-ptan'''
* {{HVlex|ajomemēbagon|ajomem·ēb·agon}} "to rage on."
* {{HVlex|derēbagon|der·ēb·agon}} "to gather."
* {{HVlex|iderēbagon|ider·ēb·agon}} "to choose."
* {{HVlex|sytiderēbagon|sytider·ēb·agon}} "to select for"
* {{HVlex|memēbagon|mem·ēb·agon}} "to advance."
* {{HVlex|urnēbagon|urn·ēb·agon}} "to watch."
* {{HVlex|jelēbagon|jel·ēb·agon}} "to blow." ''(from root '''jel-''', cf. {{HVlex|jelmio}}.)''
* {{HVlex|rijībagon|rij·īb·agon}} "to worship."
* {{HVlex|pikībagon|pik·īb·agon}} "to read."
* {{HVlex|mazilībagon|mazil·īb·agon}} "to set."
* {{HVlex|sytilībagon|sytil·īb·agon}} "to belong."
* {{HVlex|vilībagon|vil·īb·agon}} "to fight."
* {{HVlex|sytivīlībagon|sytivīl·īb·agon}} "to fight for"
* {{HVlex|davābagon|dav·āb·agon}} "to rain" ''(from root '''*daw-''', cf. {{HVlex|daomio}}.)''
* {{HVlex|raenābagon|raen·āb·agon}} "to wash."
* {{HVlex|pasābagon|pās·āb·agon}} "to follow"
* {{HVlex|dekurūbagon|dekur·ūb·agon}} "to walk."
* {{HVlex|kydȳbagon|kyd·ȳb·agon}} "to measure."


'''-emagon'''{{ID|-emagon}} ''{{HVverb|emagon}}'': ''Factitive. In combination with an adjectival or verbal root means "to give something a certain quality." Derives from ''{{HVlex|emagon}}'' and verbs of this type share its irregularities. Seems to stick to the root of C-fin verbs while there can be a vowel contraction with V-fin. It also sticks to [[High Valyrian Adjectives#Class I|class I]] and [[High Valyrian Adjectives#Class III|class III]] adjectives, which lose their ending, while there can be a consonant assimilation with cutting of the -e- with [[High Valyrian Adjectives#Class II|class II]] adjectives. The contracted products probably lose the active present 3rd person irregularity, but not the perfect tense.'' 
: Perfect: '''-ēdan'''
* {{HVlex|lykemagon|lyk·emagon}} "to silence"
* {{HVlex|qanemagon|qan·emagon}} "to sharpen" ''(cf. ''{{HVlex|qana}}'')''
* {{HVlex|drāmmagon|drāmmagon < drāñemagon}} via ''*drāñ·magon'' "to open", lit. "to widen" < {{HVlex|drāñe}}
* {{HVlex|ademmagon|ademmagon < ader·emagon}} via ''*adermagon'' "to pay", lit. "to smoothen" < {{HVlex|adere}}
* {{HVlex|dāeremagon|dāer·emagon}} "to free" < {{HVlex|dāez}} "free"
* {{HVlex|ūbremagon|ūbr·emagon}} "to raise" < {{HVlex|ūbrie}} "mature"
* {{HVlex|sōvemagon|sōv(e)·emagon}} "to make fly"
* {{HVlex|qubemagon|qub·emagon}} "to lower" <!--;''(presupposed by AV ''{{AVlex|quvemagho}}''.)''-->
* {{HVlex|vaogemagon|vaog·emagon}} "to defile" ''(<!--;presupposed by ''{{HVlex|dovaogēdy}}'',--> cf. ''{{HVlex|vaogenka}}''.)
* {{HVlex|vokemagon|vok·emagon}} "to pure" ''(from root '''*vok-'''~pure, cf. ''{{HVlex|voktys}}''.)''
* {{HVlex|gīmīmagon|gīmīmagon < gīmi·emagon}} "to inform" < {{HVlex|gīmigon}} "to know"
* {{HVlex|keliemagon|keli·emagon}} "to cease" < {{HVlex|keligon}} "to stop"


'''-ēñagon'''{{ID|-ēñagon}}, '''-īñagon'''{{ID|-īñagon}}, '''-iñagon'''{{ID|-iñagon}}, '''-ñagon'''{{ID|-ñagon}} ''{{HVverb|ñ}}'': ''Appears to make the verb inchoative ("to become X") and sometimes factitive ("to make something X").''
: Perfect: '''-ntan'''
* {{HVlex|arliñagon|arli·ñagon}} "to change, to become new" ''< '' {{HVlex|arlie}} "new."
* {{HVlex|giēñagon}} "to heal", lit. "to become whole" ''perh. < '' {{HVlex|giez}} "whole."
* {{HVlex|gūrēñagon}} "to learn," ''cf. ''{{HVlex|gūrogon}} "to take"
* {{HVlex|kaerīñagon}} "to save"
* {{HVlex|siñagon|s·iñagon}} "to become" < {{HVlex|sagon}} "to be"

'''gō-'''{{ID|gō-}}: ''under, beneath. Identical to the [[High Valyrian Adpositions|postposition]] ''{{HVlex|gō}}''. Always aplied on a [[High Valyrian Verbal Prefixes#Locative applicative|locative applicative]] verb:''
* {{HVlex|gōvilagon|gō·v·ilagon}} "to lie beneath"
* {{HVlex|gōviāragon|gō·v·iāragon}} "to flow under"

'''h-''''', an allomorph of '''''[[#a-|a-]]

'''i-'''{{ID|i-}}, '''j-'''{{ID|j-}}: ''[[High Valyrian Verbal Prefixes#Oblique applicative|oblique applicative]]. Causes a verb that might otherwise have an argument in some other case to take an accusative object instead<ref>So, for instance, '''Yne ivestrās''' means more or less the same thing as '''ynot vestrās'''. There are some, rare exceptions to this rule, such as {{HVlex|iderēbagon}}, which takes a dative or genitive object, in spite of the '''[[#i-|i-]]''' prefix.</ref>
* {{HVlex|iderēbagon|i·derēbagon}} "to choose"'' (but takes a genitive or dative object!)''
* {{HVlex|ivestragon|i·vestragon}} "to say to," "to tell"
* {{HVlex|sytivīlībagon|syt·i·vīlībagon}} "to fight for"
* {{HVlex|sytilībagon|syt·i·lībagon}} "to belong to" 
* {{HVlex|jiōragon|j·iōragon}} "to accept"
* {{HVlex|ilimagon|i·limagon}} "to cry for"''( presupposed by AV ''{{AVlex|ilimagho}}'').''

'''-ībagon''''', see '''''[[#-ēbagon|-ēbagon]]'''.

'''-ikagon'''{{ID|-ikagon}} (for C-fin), '''-kagon'''{{ID|-kagon}} (for V-fin) {{HVverb|k}}: ''causative''.
: Perfect: '''-ttan'''
* {{HVlex|hōzikagon|hōzi·kagon}} "to boil" < {{HVlex|hōzigon}} "to swell" (lit. "to cause to swell")
* {{HVlex|ropakagon|ropa·kagon}} "to knock down" < {{HVlex|ropagon}} "to fall"
* {{HVlex|ōdrikagon|ōdr·ikagon}} "to harm" ''(from the same root as ''{{HVlex|ōdres}} pain, dammage'' and ''{{HVlex|ōdrio}} wound''.)''
* {{HVlex|kustikagon|kust·ikagon}} "to encourage, enable, strengthen" < {{HVlex|kostagon}} "to be able" (lit. "to cause to be able")
* {{HVlex|jikagon|j·ikagon}} "to send"  < {{HVlex|jagon}} "to go"
* {{HVlex|sikagon|s·ikagon}} "to bear, give birth to" < {{HVlex|sagon}} "to be"

'''j-''': ''An allomorph of '''''[[#i-|i-]]'''''.

'''jor-'''{{ID|jor-}} ''(before vowels, '''''r-''''', '''''h-'''''?)'', '''jol-''' ''(before '''''l-''''')'', '''jo-'''{{ID|jo-}} ''(before other consonants)'': "continuative", ''seems to have initially been an inflectional aspect of a verb, but it has been rendered a derivational prefix:''
* {{HVlex|ajomemēbagon|a·jo·memēbagon}} "to rage on."
* {{HVlex|jomōzugon|jo·mōzugon}} "to keep getting drunk."
* {{HVlex|jorepagon|jor·epagon}} "to pray"
* {{HVlex|johegagon|jo·hegagon}} "to keep slaughtering." 
* {{HVlex|jorhakogon|jor·hakogon}} "to wring" < {{HVlex|hakogon}} "to pull"
* {{HVlex|jorrāelagon|jor·rāelagon}} "to hold dear."

'''-ligon'''{{ID|-ligon}} {{HVverb|i}}: ''Formed from a verbal root. Carries the meaning of "to do something again":''
: Perfect: '''-litan'''
* {{HVlex|sigligon|sig·ligon}} " to bear again"
* {{HVlex|verdligon|verd·ligon}} "to recreate"
* {{HVlex|udligon|ud·ligon}} "to answer"

'''maz-'''{{ID|maz-}}: "inceptive", ''from the verb ''{{HVlex|māzigon|māzigon}} to come'':
* {{HVlex|mazemagon|maz·emagon}} "to take"
* {{HVlex|mazilībagon|maz·ilībagon}} "to set"
* {{HVlex|mazōregon|maz·ōregon}} "to receive"
* {{HVlex|mazverdagon|maz·verdagon}} "to create"
* ''this mas also be the origin of {{HVlex|massigon|mas·sigon}} "to happen."

'''mī-'''{{ID|mī-}} ''(before consonants)'', '''mīv-'''{{ID|mīv-}} ''(before vowels)'': "temporary", ''opposite of [[#jor-|jor-]]'':
* {{HVlex|amīvindigon|a·mīv·indigon}} " to taunt, to torture, to infuriate" ''(lit. s/t like "to push temporarily")''
* {{HVlex|mījāelagon|mī·jāelagon}} "to pawn" ''(lit. "to hold temporarily")''
* {{HVlex|mīvojughagon|mīv·ojughagon}} "to forget" ''(lit. "to lose temporarily")''
*'' but probably'' {{HVlex|mīsagon}} ''does not contain it.''

'''nā-'''{{ID|nā-2}}: negates or reverse the action. Identical to {{HVder|nā-|the adjectival prefix}}:
* {{HVlex|nābēmagon|nā·bēmagon}} "to unfasten"
* {{HVlex|nādīnagon|nā·dīnagon}} "to remove."
* {{HVlex|nārijagon|*nā·rijagon}}'', presupposed by ''{{AVlex|narijagho|na·rijagho}} "to shame."

'''o-''''', an allomorph of '''''[[#u-|u-]]

'''-ōbagon''''', see '''''[[#-ēbagon|-ēbagon]]'''.

'''oz-'''{{ID|oz-}} ''(before vowels and voiced consonants)'', '''os-'''{{ID|os-}} ''(before unvoiced consonants)'': ''an intensifier, without much meaning of its own'':
* {{HVlex|ossēnagon|os·sēnagaon}} "to slay" < {{HVlex|sēnagon}} "to kill"
* {{HVlex|ohīlagon|o·hīlagon}} "to stab" < {{HVlex|hīlagon}} "to hit"
* {{HVlex|ospȳnagon|os·pynagon}} "to squeeze"
* ''but '''''not''' {{HVlex|ossȳngagon}} "to terrify"<ref>http://www.dothraki.com/2015/02/we-have-a-new-winner/#comment-85806</ref>

'''qrin-'''{{ID|qrin-}}, '''qrim-''' {{ID|qrim-}} ''(before labials)'', '''qril-''' ''(before '''''l''''')''{{ID|qril-}}, '''qrīd-'''{{ID|qrī-}}{{ID|qrīd-}} ''(before '''''r-''''' and '''''rh-''''', which is voiced to r-)'': ''"pejorative," indicates something done badly, unsuccesfully, improperly, somewhat like English ''"mis-."
* {{HVlex|qrīdrolagon|qrīd·rolagon}} "to confuse" < {{HVlex|rholagon}} "to mix"
* {{HVlex|qrīdropagon|qrīd·ropagon}} "to be disgraced, to make a misstep" < {{HVlex|ropagon}} "to fall"
* {{HVlex|qrīdrughagon|qrīd·rughagon}} "to throw away" < {{HVlex|rughagon}} "to drop"
* {{HVlex|qrillaodigon|qril·laodigon}} "to rape" < {{HVlex|laodigon}} "to steal"
* {{HVlex|qrimbrōzagon|qrim·brōzagon}} "to curse" < {{HVlex|brōzigon}} "to name"
* {{HVlex|qrimpālegon|qrim·pālegon}} "to betray" < {{HVlex|pālegon}} "to turn"
* {{HVlex|qringaomagon|qrin·gaomagon}} "to fail, to err" < {{HVlex|gaomagon}} "to do"
* ''cf.'' {{HVlex|qrinuntys|qrin·untys}} "enemy", {{HVlex|qrinuntenka|qrin·untenka}} "antagonistic."

'''s-''''', an allomorph of '''''[[#a-|a-]]

'''syt-'''{{ID|syt-}}: "for," ''from the [[High Valyrian Adpositions|postposition]] ''{{HVlex|syt|syt}}''.  Often followed by'' '''[[#i-|i-]]'''.
* {{HVlex|sytiderēbagon|syt·i·derēbagon}} "to choose for"
* {{HVlex|sytilībagon|syt·ilībagon}} "to belong to" ''or impersonally'' "should" ''(lit. "to lie for"), cf. AV ''{{AVlex|sydlivagho}} "to have to"
* {{HVlex|sytinevegon|syt·i·nevegon}} "to go out with" ''(lit. "to carry for")''
* {{HVlex|sytiotāpagon|syt·i·otāpagon}} "to advise" ''(lit. "to think for")''
* {{HVlex|sytivīlībagon|syt·i·vīlībagon}} "to fight for"


'''u-'''{{ID|u-}}, '''v-'''{{ID|v-}}, '''b-'''{{ID|b-}}, '''o-'''{{ID|o-}}: ''[[High Valyrian Verbal Prefixes#Locative applicative|Locative applicative]]. Causes a verb that might otherwise have an argument in some other case to take a dative or genitive object instead, generally with spatial reference.''
* {{HVlex|bēvilagon|bē·vilagon}} "to be incumbent on"
* {{HVlex|gōvilagon|gō·v·ilagon}} "to lie beneath"
* {{HVlex|bēuvaedagon|bē·u·vaedagon}} "to sing about" 
* {{HVlex|henujagon|hen·u·jagon}} "to go from, leave, exit"
* {{HVlex|unektogon|u·nektogon}} "to slice out"
* {{HVlex|umāzigon|u·māzigon}} "to arrive at"<!--;''(presupposed by AV ''{{AVlex|umazigho}} "to find."'')''-->
* {{HVlex|vēdrugon|v·ēdrugon}} "to sleep on"

'''-ūbagon''''', see '''''[[#-ēbagon|-ēbagon]]'''.


'''-ūljagon'''{{ID|-ūljagon}}, '''-iljagon''' ''( for [[High Valyrian Adjectives#Class III|class III]] adj.)'', ''{{HVverb|lj}}'': "inchoative",'' with an adjective root indicates entering a state'':
: Perfect: '''-ltan'''
* {{HVlex|gierūljagon|gier·ūljagon}} "to assemble" ''(lit. "to become whole")'' < {{HVlex|giez}}
* {{HVlex|iosrūljagon|iosr·ūljagon}} "to become cold" < {{HVlex|iosre}}
* {{HVlex|morghūljagon|morgh·ūljagon}} "to die." < {{HVlex|morghe}}
* {{HVlex|obūljagon|ob·ūljagon}} "to bend."  < '''*ob-'''
* {{HVlex|rāpūljagon|rāp·ūljagon}} "to become soft" < {{HVlex|rāpa}}
* {{HVlex|ūbriljagon|ūbr·iljagon}} "to grow, to (become) mature" < {{HVlex|ūbrie}}
* ''cf. AV ''lod·uli'' "we make certain."

'''-uragon'''{{ID|-uragon}}:<ref>DJP rather ambiguously [https://twitter.com/Dedalvs/status/424638325073268736 tells us] this is not "a common derivational suffix."</ref> ''used with noun roots, seemingly with the meaning'' "to make use of X":
: Perfect: '''-urtan'''
* {{HVlex|belmuragon|belm·uragon}} "to enslave, to chain up"
* {{HVlex|dekuragon|dek·uragon}}  "to step" (i.e. to use the foot)
* {{HVlex|īlinuragon|īlin·uragon}} "to crucify" (i.e. to use a cross)
* {{HVlex|jesuragon|jes·uragon}} "to powder, to dust"
* {{HVlex|onduragon|ond·uragon}} "to grab, to seize" {i.e. to use the hand)
* {{HVlex|qlādīlluragon|qlādīll·uragon}} "to put stripes on" (i.e. to use stripes)
* {{HVlex|rytsuragon|ryts·uragon}} "to greet" (i.e. to use "hello")


'''va-'''{{ID|-uragon}}'' towards, to. Identical to the [[High Valyrian Adpositions|preposition]] ''{{HVlex|va}}''. Always aplied on a [[High Valyrian Verbal Prefixes#Locative applicative|locative applicative]] verb:''
* {{HVlex|vaoresagon|va·o·resagon}} "to prefer" , ''lit. "to lean towards" < {{HVlex|resagon}}''
* {{HVlex|vaodekuragon|va·o·dekuragon}} "to approach" ''but regular [[High Valyrian Verbal Prefixes#Locative applicative|loc. appl.]] {{HVlex|udekuragon|u·dekuragon}}''

'''-ȳbagon''''', see '''''[[#-ēbagon|-ēbagon]]'''.

'''z-''''', an allomorph of '''''[[#a-|a-]]

=== Eventative verbs ===
{{ID|eventive}}{{ID|eventative}}{{ID|-tegon}}"Eventative"<ref>http://www.dothraki.com/2014/01/asshekhqoyi-anni-save-save/#comment-7178</ref> or "eventive"<ref>http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/97841828544/in-interviews-you-often-list-dothraki-words-that</ref> verbs are formed off the [[High Valyrian Verb Conjugation#Perfect|perfect stem]] of another verb, plus '''-egon'''. The semantics of this form are unknown, but perhaps they focus on the outcome of an action?
: Perfect: '''-etan'''
* {{HVlex|rhēdegon}} "to know (a person)" < {{HVlex|rhaenagon}} "to meet"
* {{HVlex|ryptegon}} "to listen" < {{HVlex|rȳbagon}} "to hear"
* {{HVlex|sylutegon}} "to taste" < {{HVlex|sylugon}} "to try"
* {{HVlex|ūndegon}} "to see" < {{HVlex|urnegon}} "to see"
* {{HVlex|jentegon}} "to command" < {{HVlex|jemagon}} "to lead"
* {{HVlex|sētegon}} "to make,'' as in to create, shape, form, forge s/t''" < {{HVlex|sahagon}} "to make,'' as in to force s/b''"

== Notes ==
<references/>

[[Category:High Valyrian language|Derivational affixes]]