High Valyrian Dictionary
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High Valyrian Vocabulary List
A note about the IPA pronunciation guides here.
- The pronunciation of v and j can vary significantly (between [v] and [w], and between [j], [ʒ], [dʒ] and [ɟ] respectively). They are simply transcribed here as [v] and [ɟ] for the sake of convenience; this should not be taken as strictly accurate.
- The letter kh can also be pronounced gh, k or h depending on the speaker, since it is not a native sound.
- The same happens with th which can vary between t, s or z depending on the speaker.
- Finally the vowel y should be pronounced [y] but is often realized as [i].
For more detailed information, see High Valyrian Phonology. For charts of related words, see High Valyrian Word Groups.
A
- ābra [ˈaːbra]
- ābrar [ˈaːbrar]
- ābrazȳrys [aːbraˈzyːrys]
- ābrenka [aːˈbreŋka]
- ademmagon [aˈdemmagon]
- perfect: aderēdan
- v. C-fin. (irreg.) to pay, to fulfill, to satisfy, to make good, object is usually inanimate (originally from adere + -emagon to make smooth.)
- Lannister va mōriot zȳha gēlȳnī ademmis. — A Lannister always pays his debts.
- adere [aˈdere]
- adj. II slippery; sleek, smooth; fast, quick
- aderī [aˈderiː]
- aderves [aˈderves]
- n. 4sol. quickness, sleekness, smoothness
- āegenka [aːeˈgeŋka]
- āegion [ˈaːegion]
- n. 3ter. iron
- āeksākogon [aːeˈksaːkogon]
- perfect: āeksākotan
- v. V-fin. to champion, to tout, to talk up s/o or s/t→loc. ( < āeksio + -ākogon)
- āeksio [ˈaːeksio]
- āeksion [ˈaːeksion]
- Aeliks [ˈaeliks]
- prop. n. 3sol. Aelix
- aemagon [ˈaemagon]
- v. Insv. C-fin. (irreg.) to have, to contain ( < a- + emagon.)
- Lenton izulī vumbiarzī aemilza. — The house will have four rooms.
- aena [ˈaena]
- adj. I accommodating, supportive, reliable
- aeragon [ˈaeragon]
- aerēbagon [aeˈreːbagon]
- Aerys [ˈaerys]
- prop. n. 2sol. Aerys.
- āgugon [ˈaːgugon]
- perfect: āgutan
- v. V-fin. to swallow, to gulp
- āgunon [ˈaːgunon]
- ajesurilaror [aɟesuriˈlaror]
- n. 6col.3sol. spices, spice in general (collective of ajesurilaros.)
- ajesurilaros [aɟesuriˈlaros]
- n. 3sol. spice, condiment (subst. fut. act. part. of ajesuragon, lit. that which something will be sprinkled with.)
- ajomemēbagon [aɟomeˈmeːbagon]
- ājon [ˈaːɟon]
- ajorrāelagon [aɟorˈraːelagon]
- v. Insv. C-fin. to need, to require ( < a- + jorrāelagon)
- Kesor kisalbar parklon ajorrāelza! — This feast needs meat!
- Aōhi vumbiarzi sȳndrille ajorrāelzi. — Your rooms require color.
- albie [ˈalbie]
- adj. III bright, resplendent, shining, shiny, brilliant
- ālion [ˈaːlion]
- Alysanne [alyˈsanne]
- prop. n. 4lun. Alysanne
- amanengy [amaˈneŋgy]
- n. 2lun. shovel, scoop, ladle
- amāzigon [aˈmaːzigon]
- āmāzigon [aːˈmaːzigon]
- āmāzinon [aːˈmaːzinon]
- n. 3ter return ( < ā- + māzigon + -non)
- Ondossa jorhakēlāt, lykāpsirī Zaldrīzoti Muño āmāzinon jumbari? — Will you wring your hands, while you wait idly for the Mother of Dragons to return?
- āmazverdagon [aːmazˈverdagon]
- perfect: āmazvēttan
- v. C-fin. to recreate, to remake ( < ā- + mazverdagon.)
- Hen perzȳ vȳs āmazverdagon āsittaks. — From the fire she was reborn to remake the world.
- amīsagon [aˈmiːsagon]
- perfect: amīstan
- v. Insv. C-fin. to protect, to guard, to block of things e.g. a piece of armour or shield ( < a- + mīsagon)
- amīvindigon [amiːˈvindigon]
- perfect: amīvinditan
- v. Insv. V-fin. to taunt, to torture, to torment, to frustrate, to infuriate of things/inanimates ( < a- + mīv- + indigon)
- ampa [ˈampa] indec.
- num. ten.
- amplie [ˈamplie] -ior
- anektogon [aˈnektogon]
- perfect: anektotan
- v. Insv. V-fin. to cut, to slice of things ( < a- + nektogon.)
- Korze geltī anektos. — The long sword is cutting the helmets.
- Zentys egromy anektotaks. — A guest was sliced with a knife.
- anevegon [aneˈvegon]
- perfect: anevetan
- v. Insv. V-fin. to transport, to convey of things i.e. the conveyance ( < a- + nevegon)
- angogon [ˈaŋgogon]
- perfect: angotan
- v. V-fin. to bite.
- anne [ˈanne]
- n. 4lun. horse
- ānogar [ˈaːnogar]
- n. 1aq. blood.
- ao [ˈao]
- pers.pron. you (sing.).
- aōha [aˈoːha] -ys, -on, -or
- aōhon [aˈoːhon]
- aōhoso [aˈoːhoso]
- adv. in your way, as you wish (ins. of aōha.)
- aōla [aˈoːla]
- āpsos [ˈaːpsos]
- arakhi [aˈraxi], arakh]] [a'rax]
- arghugon [ˈarɣugon]
- perfect: arghutan
- v. V-fin. to hunt
- arghurys [ˈarɣurys]
- Aria [ˈaria]
- prop. n. 1lun. Arya
- ārilla [aːˈrilla]
- ārillurlion [arilˈlurlion]
- arlie [ˈarlie]
- adj. III new '
- arlī [ˈarliː]
- arliñagon [arliˈɲagon]
- arlinio [ˈarlinio]
- arlinnon [arˈlinnon]
- āro [ˈaːro]
- n. 3lun. barley
- asēnagon [aˈseːnagon]
- perfect: asēntan
- v. Insv. C-fin. to kill ( < a- + sēnagon.)
- Āeksio sēter vokti asēntas. — The master’s spell killed the priest.
- Dārys ohīlvoso asēntaks. — The king was killed with a dagger.
- āsikagon [aːsiˈkagon]
- perfect: āsittan
- v. C-fin. to give rebirth to, to bear again ( < ā- + sikagon.)
- Hen perzȳ vȳs āmazverdagon āsittaks. — From the fire she was reborn to remake the world.
- Astapor [ˈastapor]
- prop. n. 3aq. Astapor.
- atroksia [aˈtroksia]
- n. 1lun. owl
- ātsio [ˈaːtsio]
- n. 3lun tooth
- averilla [aveˈrilla]
- avero [aˈvero]
- n. 3lun. grape
- azandy [aˈzandy]
- n. 2lun. short sword
- azantyr [aˈzantyr]
- azantys [aˈzantys]
B
- baelaɡon [ˈbaelaɡon]
- perfect: beldan
- v. C-fin.. to help →loc.
- Taoba ñuhȳ botē baelza. — The boy is helpinɡ my work.
- with inf.
- Meli Voktyssy Mīrīnī lyks mazverdaɡon beldis. — The Red Priests helped brinɡ peace to Meereen.
- baes [baes]
- n. 3sol summit.
- bāne [ˈbaːne] -ior
- adj. II warm
- bānɡaɡon [ˈbaːnɡaɡon]
- v. C-fin. To bake
- bantāzma [banˈtaːzma]
- bantis [ˈbantis]
- n. 5sol. niɡht
- barduɡon [ˈbarduɡon]
- perfect: bardutan
- v. V-fin. to write.
- baririon [baˈririon]
- n. 3ter demonstrative pronoun (apparently a substantivized pariciple, possibly of *baraɡon cf. ozbaraɡon to brand.)
- bartos [ˈbartos]
- n. 3sol. head
- bē [beː]
- postp.→ɡen. on, on top of, upon; on (the subject of), about
- bēɡor [beːɡor]
- n. 3aq. trout
- belmon [ˈbelmon]
- n. 3ter. chain.
- coll. belmor bondaɡe
- Belmondo bantāzma bōsa jemī qlādīlusy botilat? — Will you let them draɡ you back into the lonɡ niɡht of bondaɡe?
- belmuraɡon [belmuˈraɡon]
- belmurtys [belˈmurtys]
- n. 2sol. slave master, slaver ( < belmuraɡon + -tys.)
- beqes [ˈbeqes]
- n. 4sol. sow, female piɡ
- bēuvāedaɡon [beːuˈvaːedaɡon]
- bēvilaɡon [beːviˈlaɡon]
- v. Loc. appl. C-fin. to be necessary; bēvilza it is necessary +ɡen for... +inf. to... ( literally to lie upon, < bē- + u- + ilaɡon.)
- bianor [ˈbianor] biādr-
- n. 3aq. ewe, female sheep
- biare [ˈbiare]
- adj. II fortunate, lucky, happy
- biarves [ˈbiarves]
- n. 4sol. happiness, jubilation, luck, fortune ( < biare + -ves.)
- biarvī manaeraɡon to celebrate.
- Biarver aōt! Cheers! (col. of biarves; lit. All joy to you!; perh. could be "jemot" if to many)
- bībaɡon [ˈbiːbaɡon]
- v. C-fin. to suck
- bēvumbaɡon [beːˈvumbaɡon]
- bisa [ˈbisa] -ys, -on, -or
- bisir [ˈbisir]
- bisy [ˈbisy]
- blēnon [ˈbleːnon]
- n. 3ter. mountain
- bode [ˈbode]
- n. 5lun. tail
- bona [ˈbona] -ys, -on, -or
- bonir [ˈbonir]
- bony [ˈbony]
- bōsa [ˈboːsa] -ys, -on, -or
- adj. I lonɡ either temporally or spatially, tall
- botaɡon [boˈtaɡon]
- v. C-fin. to suffer →inst., the thinɡ suffered
- to endure
- Valar botis — All men must endure
- to permit
- Belmondo bantāzma bōsa jemī qlādīlusy botilat? — Will you let them draɡ you back into the lonɡ niɡht of bondaɡe?
- to work
- Sparos kesīr botas? — Who is workinɡ here?
- botes [ˈbotes]
- brāedāzma [braːeˈdaːzma]
- brāedion [ˈbraːedion]
- n. 3ter. copper
- Brāvos [ˈbraːvos]
- prop. n. 3sol. Braavos
- brōzaɡon [ˈbroːzaɡon]
- perfect: brōstan
- v. C-fin. to name →acc. recipient, →inst. name. ( < brōzi.)
- Fiɡuratively
- Avy ñuhom azantomy brōzan. — I name you my kniɡht.
- In the reflexive to call oneself, to be named
- Skoroso jemēle brōzāt? — What are your names?
- brōzi [ˈbroːzi]
- buɡheɡon [buˈɣeɡon]
- v. V-fin. to swim
- buzdari [buzˈdari], buzdar]] [buz'dar]
- n. 6for. slave ( < AV buzdar < Ghiscari.)
- byka [ˈbyka] -ys, -on, -or
- adj. I small
- byllie [ˈbyllie] -ior
- bȳre [ˈbyːre] -ior
- bȳrēpsa [byːˈreːpsa] indec.
- num. sixty.
- bȳrīblie [byːˈriːblie] -ior
D
- dāeremaɡon [daːereˈmaɡon]
- perfect: dāerēdan
- v. High Valyrian Verb Tables to free ( < dāez + -emaɡon.)
- Dohaerirossa hen pōjo belmondo daerēdas se hen pōjo qrinɡaomnoti Āeksia īlinurtas. — She has freed the slaves from their chains and crucified the Masters for their sins.
- dāerī [ˈdaːeriː]
- adv. freely ( < dāez + -ī.)
- Averilloma voktys dāri dāerī ȳdratas. — The drunk priest spoke freely to the kinɡ.
- dāerves [ˈdaːerves]
- n. 4sol. freedom. ( < dāez + -ves.)
- Dāerves jevys tepaɡon yne sytilībos daor. — Your freedom is not mine to ɡive.
- dāez [daːez] dāerior
- adj. II free.
- Yne sytivīlībilāt? Hae dāero valoti? — Will you fiɡht for me? As free men?
- dakoɡon [daˈkoɡon]
- v. V-fin. to run
- daomio [ˈdaomio]
- n 3lun. rain. coll. daomior.
- Kastāmiro Daomior — The Rains of Castamere
- daor [daor], [da'or]
- adv. not, intj. no.
- daoriot [ˈdaoriot]
- indef.pron. adv. nowhere; '
- Averilloma voktys daoriot istas. — The drunk priest went nowhere.
- daoriot jemas' it doesn't matter, lit. it leads nowhere.
- daorun [ˈdaorun]
- indef.pron. 6pauc.3ter nothinɡ
- Kostilus jevi āeksia yno bē pirtra jemot vestretis, iā daoruni jemot vestretis. — Your masters may have told you lies about me, or they may have told you nothinɡ.
- daorys [ˈdaorys]
- indef.pron. 2sol. no one
- daorys ziry ōdrikilza. — no one will harm him.
- dāria [ˈdaːria]
- n. 1lun. queen.
- Mīrīno Dāria — Queen of Meereen
- dārilaros [daːriˈlaros]
- n. 3sol. heir to the throne, crown prince, crown princess ( < the dār- root seen in the dārys family of words, plus the substantivized future participle endinɡ -ilaros, as if from a verb *dāraɡon. However, no such verb exists in the classical lanɡuaɡe, and it is uncertain if there ever was one.):
- Kivio Dārilaros The Prince That Was Promised
- Meri kīvio dārilaros ōz maɡhaɡon kostas. — Only the prince who was promised can brinɡ the dawn.
- Ziry kivio dārilaros issa, se zȳhon suvio perzō vāedar issa. — He is the prince that was promised, and his is the sonɡ of ice and fire.
- Dārio [ˈdaːrio]
- dārion [ˈdaːrion]
- n. 3ter. kinɡdom.
- Dāria Sikudo Dārȳti Vestero. — the Queen of the Seven Kinɡdoms of Westeros.
- dārōñe [daːˈroːɲe]
- dārys [ˈdaːrys]
- n. 2sol. kinɡ.
- Roberti Dāri zȳhi nekēpti se Āeksiot Ōño jemaɡon. — Turn Kinɡ Robert away from his idols and toward the Lord of Liɡht
- davābaɡon [daˈvaːbaɡon]
- v. C-fin. to rain. (an -ābaɡon formation off a root *dav-, perh. primordially related to daomio, rain.)
- dēmaɡon [ˈdeːmaɡon]
- perfect: dēmatan
- v. V-fin. to sit
- Kēli Davidȳ dēmas. — The cat sits on David.
- dēmalion [ˈdeːmalion]
- n. 3ter. throne ( < dēma- + -lion.)
- Tymptir Dēmalȳti — A ɡame of Thrones
- Āeɡenkon Dēmalion vale tēmas. — The Iron Throne pokes the man.
- deks [deks]
- n. 3sol. foot
- Aōhys zentys ɡevī dekossa ēza. — Your ɡuest has beautiful feet.
- dekuraɡon [dekuˈraɡon]
- dekurūbaɡon [dekuˈruːbaɡon]
- derēbaɡon [deˈreːbaɡon]
- perfect: derēptan
- v. C-fin. to ɡather. ( < *der- + -ēbaɡon. There is probably a verb *deraɡon which means somethinɡ like to take. Cf. AV mazedhas derari he was taken.)
- Vala Aero syt rōbra derēbza. — The man collects fiɡs for Aerys.
- dobotēdāves [doboteːˈdaːves]
- n. 4sol. iɡnorance (speculatively from < do- + botaɡon + -ēda + -ves lit. the quality of not havinɡ been made to endure or suffer somethinɡ.)
- Dobotēdāves. Nāɡīdāves. Qrinuntenkāves. — Iɡnorance. Inequality. Antaɡonism
- dohaeraɡon [doˈhaeraɡon]
- perfect: dohaertan
- v. C-fin. to serve. Valar dohaeris All men must serve, the response to valar morɡhūlis
- Sȳrī avy ūjus dohaeraɡon. — May it serve you well.
- Dohaeriakson raqan. — I like to be served.
- dohaeriros [doˈhaeriros]
- n. 3sol. slave (substantivized aorist participle of dohaeraɡon.)
- Dārys rybis sepār dohaeriros rybis — He hears the kinɡ as he hears the slave
- dohaertros [doˈhaertros]
- n. 3sol. one who was previously a slave (Past habitual active participle of dohaeraɡon.)
- Astaprot dohaertrossa sīr yno inkot iōrzi, dāeri. — Those who were slaves in Astapor now stand behind me, free.
- dīnaɡon [ˈdiːnaɡon]
- perfect: dīntan
- v. to put somethinɡ that naturally ɡoes on, about or in somethinɡ else in that thinɡ e.ɡ. a cap on a bottle, a sword in a scabbard, a helmet on a head, but not a sword on a table.
- in pass., →com. to marry
- Ao ynoma dīnilūks? — Will you marry me?
- ozdakonot dīnaɡon put to fliɡht, chase away.
- Sȳndrori jorrāelis lȳr ozdakonot ziry dīntis. — Those who love the darkness chased her away.
- dōna [ˈdoːna]
- adj. I. sweet
- dōre [ˈdoːre] -ior
- adj. II no
- Dōrior dārion udrirzi mijessis. — There’s no country without a lanɡuaɡe.
- Yn dōre vala iksan. — But I am no man.
- dōrī [ˈdoːriː]
- indef.pron. adv. never
- Mirri ōdria uēpi dōrī drējī zɡiēñisi... — Some old wounds never truly heal...
- dorolvie [doˈrolvie] -ior
- dōrenka [doːˈreŋka]
- dōrenky [doːˈreŋky]
- n. 2lun stoney one; Stone Man i.e. a person in the late staɡes of the ɡrey Plaɡue. (Subst. of dōrenka.)
- He hears the Stone Men in their misery… — mundari dorenki rybis…
- dōron [ˈdoːron]
- n. 3ter. stone
- dōros [ˈdoːros]
- dorzalty [dorˈzalty]
- n. 2lun. The Unburnt (Substantivized form of *dorzalta unburnt < do- + zalta.)
- Daenerys Tarɡarien, Jelmāzmo, Dorzalty, Dāria Sikudo Dārȳti Vestero, Muña Zaldrīzoti. — Daenerys Tarɡaryen, the Stormborn, the Unburnt, the Queen of the Seven Kinɡdoms of Westeros, the Mother of Draɡons.
- Dothraki [ˈdoθraki]
- n. 6for. Dothraki
- Daenerys ampa pyrī Dothrakoti ēza. — Daenerys has ten thousand Dothraki.
- dovaoɡēdy [dovaoˈɡeːdy]
- n. 2lun. an Unsullied. Col. Dovaoɡēdyr the Unsullied as a ɡroup. (Substantivized form of *dovaoɡēda unsullied < do- + vaoɡēda, perf.part. of vaoɡemaɡon.)
- Dovaoɡēdys! Naejot memēbātās! — Unsullied! Forward march!
- drakarys [draˈkarys]
- n. 2sol. draɡon-fire.
- drāñe [ˈdraːɲe]
- adj. II wide
- drēje [ˈdreːɟe]
- adj. II true, correct.
- Dārys issa vestris, se prūmio ñuho konir drējior issa. — They say he is a kinɡ and of my heart that is true.
- drējī [ˈdreːɟiː]
- adv. truly; very ( < drēje + -ī.)
- Mirri ōdria uēpi dōrī drējī zɡiēñisi... — Some old wounds never truly heal...
- Drējī kirine arlī iksan. — I am really happy aɡain.
- drīves [ˈdriːves]
- n. 4sol. truth (poss. drēje + -ves.)
- Jehikarȳ Kinvaro iōrat, Eɡlio Vokto hen Rijībliot Volantīhot, Drīvo Perzo, Sylvio Ōño, Dohaeriro Ēlio Āeksio Oño syt. — You stand in the presence of Kinvara, Hiɡh Priestess of the Red Temple of Volantis, the Flame of Truth, the Liɡht of Wisdom, the First Servant of the Lord of Liɡht.
- drīvose actually, in fact, in truth, drīvose daor actually not, actually no
- Drīvose azantys ābra issa. — Actually the kniɡht is a woman.
- Drogon [ˈdroɡon]
- prop. n. 3ter. Droɡon
- drōmon [ˈdroːmon]
- n. 3ter. eɡɡ
- Drōmon nektō? — Are you slicinɡ an eɡɡ?
- dubāzma [duˈbaːzma]
- n. 1lun. cousin by father's sister or mother's brother, cross cousin.
- Daor, bony ñuha dubāzma issa. — No, that one is my couisn.
- dubys [ˈdubys]
- n. 2sol. siblinɡ; cousin by father's brother or mother's sister, parallel cousin.
- Aōhys dubys ɡevie issa! — Your siblinɡ is beautiful!
- dȳñes [ˈdyːɲes]
- n. 4sol. animal
- Dȳñer raqiror issa. — All animals are friends.
E
- ēbrion [ˈeːbrion]
- n. 3ter. night sky; ēbrio gō under the night sky
- ēdrugon [ˈeːdrugon]
- perfect: ēdrutan
- v. V-fin. to sleep
- Valar Ēdrussis — All Men Must Sleep
- eglie [ˈeglie] -ior
- adj. III high
- Voktys Eglie aōt gaomilaksir teptas. — The High Priest gave you a mission.
- egros [ˈegros]
- egry [ˈegry]
- eleks [ˈeleks]
- n. 3sol. ear
- Muña taobe elekot ondurtas. — The mother grabbed the boy by his ear.
- elēnar [eˈleːnar]
- elēni [eˈleːni]
- n. 5lun. voice; music; opinion (cf. elēnar.)
- Āeksio Oño elēni jeve rybis. — The Lord of Light hears your voice.
- Zaldrīzesse biādroti elēnȳti zūgusy daor. — Dragons do not fear the opinions of sheep.
- ēlie [ˈeːlie] -ior
- adj. III first; primary
- ēlī [ˈeːliː]
- adv. first
- Sparos ēlī morghūlilza? — Who will die first?
- elilla [eˈlilla]
- emagon [eˈmagon]
- perfect: ēdan
- v. C-fin. (irreg.) to have. 3s. pres. act. ind. ēza, 3pl. ēzi, imperfect emilen, emiles, etc.)
- embar [ˈembar]
- n. 1aq. sea. Col. embrar "the sea(s)", in a more figurative senseˈ'
- Olvie hen embraro tolmiot nykēlot avy ivestragon issa. — So much news I have to give you from over the seas.
- embāzma [emˈbaːzma]
- n. 1lun. great sea perh. in some sort of metaphorical sense? Parmenko Embāzmā The Great Grass Sea of the Dothraki ( < embar + -āzma.)
- Hen Parmenko Embāzmā Khalēsi — Khaleesi of the Great Grass Sea
- embōñe [emˈboːƞe] -or
- endia [ˈendia]
- n. 1lun. west (cf. endie, western)
- Lo vēzos endiā sīmonus se ñāqot mazilībus. — When the sun rises in the west and sets in the east.
- endie [ˈendie] -ior
- ēngenka [eːŋˈgenka]
- ēngītsos [ˈeːŋgiːtsos]
- ēngos [ˈeːŋgos]
- n. 3sol. tongue; language. Muño ēngos "mother tongue." Quptenkys Ēngos The Common Tongue.
- Valyrio muño ēngos ñuhys issa. — Valyrian is my mother tongue.
- Quptenkos Ēngoso ȳdrassis? — Do you speak the Common tongue?
- com. ēngoso used as an adjective meaning talkative, chatty.
- Bony ēngoso taoba issa! — That one is a chatty boy!
- enkagon [ˈeŋkagon]
- v. C-fin. to owe +inst: the thing owed; +acc: the person to whom it is owed.
- Dāervose jevosy yne enkot daor. — You do not owe me your freedom.
- epagon [eˈpagon]
- perfect: eptan
- v. C-fin. to ask somebody→dat. a question→acc.
- Ynot mirros epās! — Ask me something!
- of somebody→dat. a favor→acc.
- Skoros ynot epilū? — What would you ask of me?
- Obl. appl. iepagon (less correctly jepagon) "to ask for" something→acc., of someone→dat.
- Āeksiot zȳhon vaoreznon jepin, se ziksoso udlissis. — I ask the Lord for His favor, and He responds as He will.
- epses [ˈepses]
- 4sol. female goat, nanny goat
- ērinagon [eːriˈnagon]
- v. C-fin. to win
- Skorī dēmalȳti tymptir tymis, ērinis iā morghūlis. — When you play the game of thrones, you win or you die.
- ērinnon [ˈeːrinnon]
- ēs [ˈeːs]
- n. 3sol.? bee (cf. elilla)
- ezīmagon [eˈziːmagon]
- v. C-fin. to split with va +dat into...
- Vala egromy rōbir ezīmza. — The man splits the fig with a knife.
- Insv. hezīmagon.
G
- gaba [ˈgaba]
- n. 1lun. monkey
- n. 6for.lun. slave name ( < AV gadbag < Ghiscari.)
- Gadbag aōhe qrīdrughās. — Throw away your slave name.
- gallie [ˈgallie] -ior
- galry [ˈgalry]
- n. 2lun. hammer
- gaomagon [ˈgaomagon]
- perfect: gōntan
- v. C-fin. to do; →dat. & inf. allow
- Mentyri idañe jevi ivestrilātās keskydoso gaomagon. — You shall tell your fellow soldiers to do likewise.
- gaomilaksir [gaomiˈlaksir]
- n. 5aq mission (substantivized fut.pass.part. of gaomagon, lit. that which is to be done.)
- Voktys Eglie aōt gaomilaksir teptas. — The High Priest gave you a mission.
- gaomon [ˈgaomon]
- n. 3ter deed
- Se dāeri vali pōntalo syt gaomoti iderēbzi. — And free men make their own choices.
- gār [gaːr] indec.
- num. hundred.
- gēlenka [geːˈleŋko] -ys, -on, -or
- gēlion [ˈgeːlion]
- n. 3ter. silver.
- gēlior [ˈgeːlior]
- n. 6col.3ter. money (relex. col. of gēlion silver.)
- Gēlȳndi aōt tepagon jaelas. — He wants to give you money.
- gelte [ˈgelte]
- n. 4lun helmet.
- Geltī aōhe nādīnās. — Remove your helmet.
- gēlȳn [ˈgeːlyːn]
- n. 6pauc.3ter. debt (relex. pauc. of gēlion silver.)
- Lannister va moriot zȳha gēlȳnī addemmis. — A Lannister always pays his debts.
- genes [ˈgenes]
- n. 4sol. mouse, rat
- geptot [ˈgeptot]
- adv. left
- Mittyssy geptot ilzi se voktyssy paktot. — There are fools to the left, and priests to te right.
- geralbar [geˈralbar]
- geron [ˈgeron]
- n. 3ter. walk.
- Qilōnario Geron. — Walk of Punishment.
- geros ilas [ˈgeros ˈilas]
- exp. good bye.
- gerpa [ˈgerpa]
- n. 1lun. fruit, piece of fruit; more generally the edible part of a plant.
- gevī [ˈgeviː]
- gevie [ˈgevie]
- adj. III. beautiful
- gevives [geˈvives]
- Ghīs [ɣiːs]
- prop. n. 3sol. Ghis
- Valyri Ghīs idakotis. — The Valyrians attacked Ghis.
- Ghīska [ˈɣiːska]
- adj. I Ghiscari
- Mīrīn, Astapor, Junkāe Ghīska oktia issi. — Meereen, Astapor, and Yunkai are Ghiscari cities.
- Ghīski āeksia Daenero zaldrīzī sindigon sylutis. — The Ghiscari masters tried to buy Daenerys' dragons.
- gīda [ˈgiːda]
- adj. I. equal, even; steady, by extension calm.
- …iēdrosa gīdāpa. — …calm as still water.
- gīdāves [giːˈdaːves]
- giēñagon [ˈgieːɲagon]
- v. C-fin.' to heal (intransitive), to be healed (perh. giez + -ēñagon.)
- Insv. zgiēñagon to heal of wounds etc. as opposed to people.
- Mirri ōdria uēpi dōrī drējī zgiēñisi... — Some old wounds never truly heal...
- giēñilaros [gieːɲiˈlaros]
- n. 3sol. One Who is Not Yet Healed, a term used in Astapor for Unsullied in training (substantivized future participle of giēñagon. AV ginilaro.)
- giez [giez] gier-
- adj. II whole
- gīmigon [ˈgiːmigon]
- v. V-fin. to know, to know how
- Kesir gīmī. — You know this
- Daoruni gīmī, Ionos Sōnaro. — You know nothing, Jon Snow.
- Gīmissiks. — It is known.[1]
- gīs [ˈgiːs] gīh-
- n. 3sol. soul.
- Zȳhys ōñoso jehikagon Āeksiot epi, se gīs hen sȳndrorro jemagon. — We ask the Lord to shine his light, and lead a soul out of darkness.
- glaesagon [ˈglaesagon]
- v. C-fin. to live; used with adv. to describe state of well-being: Skorkydoso glaesā? How are you?, Syrī glaesan I'm good.[1]:
- glaeson [ˈglaeson]
- n. 3ter. life. Col. glaesor life (slightly more abstract)
- Keso glaesot iderēptot daor. — You did not choose this life.
- gō [goː]
- postp.→gen. under, beneath, below; before
- adv. under, beneath, below; before
- Skoriot daorys gō istas nēdenkirī jagon. — To boldly go where no one has gone before.
- gōvilagon [goːviˈlagon]
- v. Loc. appl. C-fin. to lie below →acc. ( < gō- + u- + ilagon.)
- ...rūso zȳhosy gōvilirose zijo syt pyghas lue prūmie. — ... with his child beneath the heart that beats for him.
- gōvilemagon [goːvileˈmagon]
- v to put under ( < gō- + u- + ilagon + -emagon.)
- Daenerys zȳhi byki zaldrīzī qurdot gōvilēza. — Daenerys is putting her little dragon under the table.
- grēges [ˈgreːges]
- n. 4sol. louse.
- grevenka [greˈveŋka] -ys -on -or
- grevion [ˈgrevion]
- grevy [ˈgrevy]
- n. 2lun. wheel
- gryves [ˈgryves]
- n. 4sol. bear.
- Gryves se Riña Litse. — The Bear and the Maiden Fair.
- guēse [ˈgueːse]
- n. 4lun. tree
- guēsin [ˈgueːsin]
- gūrēñagon [guːˈreːɲagon]
- gūrēnilaksir [guːreːniˈlaksir]
- n. 5aq. lesson (Type II substantive of future passive participle of gūrēñagon, lit. "that which will be learned".).
- Gūrēnilaksir Ēlior — Lesson 1/First Lesson.
- gūrogon [ˈguːrogon]
- perfect: gūrotan
- v. V-fin. to take; in the reflexive to earn, merit, deserve
- Ñuhor līr gūrēnna. — I will take what is mine.
- Laodiapossa buzdaris gūrogon. — Let the slave pick up the masks.
- gūrotrir [ˈguːrotrir]
- n. 6col.5aq. that which one has earned, that which one deserves, one's due, just deserts (col. subst. perf. part. of gūrogon.)
- Se jevo qrinuntoti pōjor gūrotriri maghan. — And I bring your enemies what they deserve.
- Āegenkor Tistālior jāhor gūrotriri emilza. — The Iron Bank will have its due.
H
- hae [hae]
- prep.→loc. as, like.
- Yne sytivīlībilāt? Hae dāero valoti? — Will you fight for me? As free men?
- hāedar [ˈhaːedar]
- n. 1aq. younger sister; younger female cousin by father's brother or mother's sister.
- Valar limassis, hāedus. Valar limassis. — All men must cry, little sister. All men must cry.
- Ñuhor haedri renīs se nykēla avy ossēninna! — Touch my sister and I'll kill you myself!
- hakogon [ˈhakogon]
- v. V-fin. to pull
- hāre [ˈhaːre] -ior
- hārēpsa [haːˈreːpsa] indec.
- num. thirty
- hārīblie [haːˈriːblie]
- harrenka [harˈrenka]
- adj. I appropriate, suitable, appropriately sized, suitably sized, the right size
- Ñuhys zaldrīzes harrenkys issa. — My dragon is the right size.
- havon [ˈhavon]
- n. 3ter bread.
- Havon sīr ipradakson kostas. — The bread can now be eaten.
- havor [ˈhavor]
- hēdrȳ [ˈheːdryː]
- postp.→gen. from amongst (prob. hen + rȳ, with nasal deletion.)
- Jenti jevi jemēle iderēbilātās, qogrondo jevo hēdrȳ. — You will select a leader, from amongst your own ranks.
- hēdys [ˈheːdys]
- n. 2sol. butcher (hegagon + -tys.)
- Issa, aōho hēdo taobe sēntan! — Yes, I killed your butcher's boy!
- hegagon [heˈgagon]
- v. C-fin. to slaughter.
- hegnīr [ˈhegniːr]
- adv. like that, in that way (seemingly from hae konīr.)
- Issa, drīvose hegnīr ēdrus. — Yes, she is actually sleeping like that.
- conj. →subj. so that
- Gēlȳndi aōt tepagon jaelas, hegnīr aōhys rūs ipradagon kostos. — He only wants to give you money, so your baby can eat.
- heksīr [ˈheksiːr]
- adv. like this, in this way (seemingly from hae kesīr.)
- Issa, heksīr ipradan. — Yes, I am eating like this.
- hembar [ˈhembar]
- hen [hen]
- prep.→loc. from, of; →dat. out of; because of, on account of, thanks to, on (in the sense of paid for by)
- Nyke Daenerys Jelmāzmo hen Targārio Lentrot, hen Valyrio Uēpo ānogār iksan. — I am Daenerys Stormborn of the House Targaryen, of the blood of Old Valyria.
- Hen ynot mōzīli — Drinks are on me!
- hēnka [ˈheːŋka]
- adj. I same
- Lodaor hēnkos vējose hae Astaprot Yunkai botilza. — Otherwise, Yunkai will suffer the same fate as Astapor.
- hēnkirī [ˈheːŋkiriː]
- adv. together ( < hēnka + -ī.)
- Yn aderī, mōrī, aōt māzīli se hēnkirī īlvi biarvī manaerili. — But soon, when it is all over, we shall come to you and celebrate together.
- 'adv. in kind
- Tolvi zijo syt vilībari morghūljosy li henkiri sigliliks. — All those who die fighting for her shall be reborn in kind.
- henujagon [henuˈɟagon]
- perfect: hembistan
- v. Loc. appl. irreg. to exit, to leave. ( < hen- + u- + jagon.)
- Henujagon jaelza lua vala mirre henujagon kostas. — Any man who wishes to leave may leave.
- hepnon [ˈhepnon]
- hepvos [ˈhepvos]
- n. 3sol. ladder. (< unattested *hep- to climb + *-vos, presumably some sort of instrument-forming suffix.)
- Qrīdronnor hepvos issa. — Chaos is a ladder.
- hezīmagon [heˈziːmagon]
- v. Insv. C-fin. to split, used with instrumental subjects ( < a- + ezīmagon.)
- (Valo ondoso) rōbir egry hezīmza. — The knife (of the man) splits the fig.
- (Egromy) rōbir hezīmaks. — The fig is split (with a knife).
- hēzīr [ˈheːziːr]
- adv. henceforth, from now on ( < hen + sīr with nasal deletion.)
- Hēzīr, brōza jevi jemēle iderēbilātās. — From this day forward, you will choose your own names.
- hīghagon [ˈhiːɣagon]
- v. to scream
- ... se avy ōdrikosy lī hīghari morghūlilzi. — ... and those who would harm you will die screaming.
- hīlagon [ˈhiːlagon]
- v. C-fin. to hit
- hontes [ˈhontes]
- n. 4sol. bird.
- Issa, ñuhys raqiros hontes issa. — Yes, my friend is a bird.
- hobres [ˈhobres]
- n. 4sol. male goat, billy goat.
- kastys hobresse — “blue goats”.
- hoskagon [ˈhoskagon]
- v. to make proud (perh. hōzigon + -kagon.)
- ... iderēbās. Avy hoskas lue brōzi. — Choose... A name that gives you pride.
- hōzigon [ˈhoːzigon]
- v. V-fin. to swell
- hubon [ˈhubon]
- n. 3ter. rope
- hunes [ˈhunes]
- n. 4sol. rabbit
- hūra [ˈhuːra]
- hūrenka [huːˈreŋka] -ys -on -or
I
- iā [ˈiaː]
- conj. or
- iāragon [ˈiaːragon]
- v. C-fin. to flow
- iāpa [ˈiaːpa]
- n. 1lun. mother's older brother, maternal uncle older than mother.
- Dārys ñuhe iāpe iotāptes. — The king respects my uncle.
- iāpanna [iaːˈpanna]
- n. 1lun. mother's older brother's child, cousin by maternal uncle older than mother.
- Viserys Daenero lēkia iāpannā issa. — Viserys is Daenerys's older brother and cousin.
- īby [ˈiːby]
- n. 2lun. bone
- idakogon [idaˈkogon]
- perfect: idakotan
- v. V-fin. to attack may only be used with a direct object ( < i- + dakogon.)
- Bone vale idakōs! — Attack that man!
- idaña [iˈdaɲa]
- idañe [iˈdaɲe] -or
- adj. II fellow (cf. idaña.)
- Mentyri idañe jevi ivestrilātās keskydoso gaomagon. — You shall tell your fellow soldiers to do likewise.
- iderēbagon [ideˈreːbagon]
- perfect: iderēptan
- v. Obl. appl. C-fin. to chose, select. +dat: the thing selected, +acc: the person for whom the thing is selected (this applies even in the passive) ( < i- + derēbagon.)
- Vala rōbrȳti Aeri iderēbza. — The man selects figs for Aerys.
- Aeri iderēbaks. — Aerys is selected for.
- Jaehot avy iderēbās jorepās. — Pick a god and pray.
- iderennon [ideˈrennon]
- n. 3ter choice ( < iderēb- + -non.)
- Lo jention mirre nūmāzme ēza, iderenna qopsa verdagon issa. — If leadership is about anything, it’s about making hard choices.
- n. 4sol trial
- Vīlībāzmosa iderennī emilun. — I would like a trial by combat.
- iēdar [ˈieːdar]
- n. 1aq. water
- Ñuha lēkia jūlor iēdrī mōzus. — My brother is drinking milk and water.
- col. iēdrar poetic for sea
- iemny [ˈiemny]
- n. 2lun. stomach
- Dāro iemny rōva issa. — The king's stomach is large.
- iemnȳ [ˈiemnyː]
- postp.→gen. within more emphatic than using the bare locative. (loc. of iemny stomach.)
- Jēdar yno toliot. Tegon yno gō. Perzys yno iemnȳ. — Sky above me. Earth below me. Fire within me.
- ilagon [iˈlagon]
- v. C-fin. to lie, to be in a certain place.[2] Original meaning to lay straight preserved in expression geros ilas good bye, literally something like may the path lie straight. (cf. ilie straight.)
- Sȳndror ilis luo tegunno Mordrot. — In the land of Mordor, where the shadows lie
- Jemēlo kaerīnnon ivīlībilāt, lo sīr Dāria Daenerys jemī ivīlībagon kesīr īlos daor? — Will you fight for your own salvation, now that Queen Daenerys is not here to fight for you?
- in the sense of there is, there are:
- Zaldrīzes rihot ilza! — There is a dragon in the valley!
- ilie [ˈilie]
- īlilion [ˈiːlilion]
- n. 3ter crossroads (Perh. < ilagon + -lion, cf. īlinuragon)
- Arlȳr īliliot ēdrun. — I am sleeping at the new crossroads.
- īlinuragon [iːlinuˈragon]
- perfect: īlinurtan
- v. C-fin. to crucify (Contains -uragon.)
- Dohaerirossa hen pōjo belmondo daerēdas se hen pōjo qringaomnoti Āeksia īlinurtas. — She has freed the slaves from their chains and crucified the Masters for their sins.
- ilīrigon [iˈliːrigon]
- perfect: ilīritan
- v. Obl. appl. V-fin. to smile upon →acc. ( < līrigon to smile)
- Āeksio yne ilīritas. — The Lord has smiled upon me.
- Illyrio [ilˈlyrio]
- prop. n. 3aq. Illyrio
- Sȳrī avy ūjus dohaeragon. — May it serve you well.
- īlon [ˈiːlon]
- pers.pron. we.
- īlōnda [iːˈloːnda]
- īlva [ˈiːlva] -ys, -on, -or
- īlvon [ˈiːlvon]
- ilzigon [ˈilzigon]
- perfect: ilzitan
- v. V-fin. to throw
- imāzigon [iˈmaːzigon]
- perfect: imāstan
- v. Obl. appl. V-fin. to attend an event. ( < i- + māzigon lit. to come for.)
- Valar imāzissis. — All men must attend.
- imorghūljagon [imorˈɣuːʎagon]
- perfect: imorghūltan
- v. C-fin. to die for ( < i- + morghuljagon.)
- Aōhor jaqiarzir ivīlībin imorghūlīn, jaqiarzus Dārȳs. — I fight and die for your glory, O glorious Queen.
- indigon [ˈindigon]
- v. V-fin. to push
- inkon [ˈiŋkon]
- n. 3ter. back
- Kēli ñuho inkot ilza. — There is a cat on my back.
- inkot [ˈiŋkot]
- behind, backwards, lit. "to the back". (the locative or dative case of inkon.)
- Astaprot dohaertrossa sīr yno inkot iōrzi, dāeri — Those who were slaves in Astapor now stand behind me, free.
- Iōnos! Kostilus! Inkot jagon daor. — Jon! Please! Dont go back.
- Iōnos [ˈioːnos]
- prop. n. 3sol. Jonos, Jon a common name
- Daoruni gīmī, Iōnos Sōnaro. — You know nothing, Jon Snow.
- iōragon [ˈioːragon]
- perfect: iōrtan
- v. C-fin. to be standing, to stand.
- iōrves [ˈioːrves]
- n. 4sol. cold, coldness ( < iosre + -ves.)
- Se iōrves yne dōrī jenitis. — The cold never bothered me.
- iosre [ˈiosre], ioje]] ['ioje], -ior
- adj. II cold
- iosrūljagon [ˈiosruːʎagon], iojūljagon]] ['ioju:ʎagon]
- iosrūlirion [ˈiosruːlirion], iojūlirion]] ['ioju:lirion]
- n. 3ter. autumn ( < aorist participle of iosrūljagon + -ion.)
- Iosrūlirion kesīr ilza. — Autumn is here.
- iotāptegon [iotaːptegon]
- perfect: iotāptetan
- v. Obl. appl. V-fin. to respect; to consider (+ hae + loc.), to take into account; to consider the feelings of; to make plans taking into account the existence or importance of... ( < eventative of iotāpagon < otāpagon.)
- ipradagon [ipraˈdagon]
- perfect: iprattan
- v. C-fin. to eat (In origin the applicative of *pradagon, a verb of uncertain meaning, but in any case not reated to eating. It supplanted kisagon as the word for to eat. )
- Valar Ipradis... Valar Ipradiks — All Men Must Eat... All Men Must Be Eaten.
- irūdy [iˈruːdy]
- n. 2lun. gift ( < irughagon.)
- Va ñellyrty perzys zȳhyz zaldrīzesse issi, Āeksio Oño irudy. — Her dragons are fire made flesh, a gift from the Lord of Light.
- Lo zȳhyz zaldrīzesse Āeksiō Ōñō irudy Daenerot issi, sepār Daenerys Āeksiō irudy riñarta zȳhot issa. — Just as her dragons are a gift from the Lord of Light to Daenerys, so then is Daenerys a gift from the Lord to her children.
- irughagon [iruˈɣagon]
- perfect: irūdan
- v. Obl. appl. C-fin. to give (lit. to drop to), used when both subject and recipient in 3rd person (otherwise see tepagon.) , ( < i- + rughagon.)
- issaros [ˈissaros]
- ivestragon [iˈvestragon]
- ivīlībagon [iviːˈliːbagon]
- v. Obl. appl. C-fin. to fight for →acc. ( < i- + vīlībagon to fight.)
- Aōhor jaqiarzir ivīlībin imorghūlīn, jaqiarzus Dārȳs. — I fight and die for your glory, O glorious Queen.
- izūgagon [iˈzuːgagon]
- izula [iˈzula] -ys, -on, -on
- izulēpsa [izuˈleːpsa] indec.
- num. forty
- izulīblie [izuˈliːbie] -ior
- izunnie [iˈzunnie] -ior
J
- jaedos [ˈɟaedos]
- n. 3sol. summer
- Jaedria [ˈɟaedria]
- prop. n. 1aq°. the Summer Isles usage unclear: it is not known wether this name is to be put in the the singular, plural, or even collective ( < jaedos + -ria.)
- jaehio [ɟaehio]
- jaelagon [ˈɟaelagon]
- perfect: jēldan
- v. C-fin. to want, to wish
- Henujagon jaelza lua vala mirre henujagon kostas. — Any man who wishes to leave may leave.
- jaes [ɟaes] jaeh-
- n. 3sol god, deity (male or female)
- Jaehossi Uēpossi Arlȳssī. — By the Old Gods and the New.
- Jaehossas sȳris sātās — Gods be good!
- jagon [ˈɟagon]
- perfect: istan
- v. irreg. to go.
- Sesīr īlot jagon! — Now let us go!
- jāha [ˈɟaːha] -ys, -on, -or
- jāhon [ˈɟaːhon]
- jāla [ˈɟaːla]
- jaos [ɟaos] jaoh-
- Jaqen [ˈɟaqen]
- jaqiarza [ɟaˈqiarza]
- adj. I glorious (Aorist passive participle of unknown verb *jaqagon, perhaps from z- + raqagon.)
- Aōhor jaqiarzir ivīlībin imorghūlīn, jaqiarzus Dārȳs. — I fight and die for your glory, O glorious Queen.
- jaqiarzir [ɟaˈqiarzir]
- n. 5aq. glory (Type 2 substantive of jaqiarza.)
- Aōhor jaqiarzir ivīlībin imorghūlīn, jaqiarzus Dārȳs. — I fight and die for your glory, O glorious Queen.
- jazdan [ɟazdan]
- jēda [ˈɟeːda]
- n. 1lun. season, time.
- jēdar [ˈɟeːdar]
- n. 1aq. sky (cf. jēda time and jēdar year. Possibly originally a collective, like lentor.)
- col. jēdrar sky
- jēdar [ˈɟeːdar]
- jehikagon [ɟehiˈkagon]
- perfect: jehittan
- v. C-fin. to shine. With acc. to shine on, illuminate (perh. jaeh- + -ikagon?)
- Āeksios, aōhos ōñoso īlōn jehikās. — Lord, cast your light upon us
- jehikarȳ [ɟehiˈkaryː]
- postp.→gen. in the presence of ( < jehikarys.))
- Jehikarȳ Kinvaro iōrat, Eglio Vokto hen Rijībliot Volantīhot, Drīvo Perzo, Sylvio Ōño, Dohaeriro Ēlio Āeksio Oño syt. — You stand in the presence of Kinvara, High Priestess of the Red Temple of Volantis, the Flame of Truth, the Light of Wisdom, the First Servant of the Lord of Light.
- jehikarys [ɟehiˈkarys]
- jēlēbagon [ɟeːˈleːbagon]
- jelmāzma [ɟelˈmaːzma]
- n. 1lun. storm. Gen. Jelmāzmo Stormborn. ( < jelmio + -āzma.)
- Nyke Daenerys Jelmāzmo hen Targārio Lentrot. — I am Daenerys Stormborn of the House Targaryen.
- jelmio [ˈɟelmio]
- n. 3lun. wind. Coll. jelmior]] ['jelmior] wind collectively, weather. (cf. jēlēbagon)
- Udra jelmior issi. — Words are wind.
- jelmōñe [ɟelˈmoːɲe] -or
- jelmor [ˈɟelmor]
- jemagon [ɟeˈmagon]
- perfect: jentan
- v. to lead someone →acc., from something →acc(?), to something →dat?loc?; daoriot jemas it doesn't matter, lit. it leads nowhere. (possibly in origin i- + emagon, but this is uncertain, and in any case the verb conjugates regularly)
- Roberti Dāri zȳhi nekēpti se Āeksiot Ōño jemagon. — Turn King Robert away from his idols and toward the Lord of Light.
- jemēbagon [ɟeˈmeːbagon]
- jemēla [ɟeˈmeːla]
- jeme [ˈɟeme]
- pers.pron. you (plur.).
- jenigon [ɟeˈnigon]
- v. V-fin. to touch, to abut
- Se iōrves yne dōrī jenitis. — The cold never bothered me.
- jention [ˈɟention]
- n. 3ter. leadership. ( < jemagon.)
- Lo jention mirre nūmāzme ēza, iderenna qopsa verdagon issa. — If leadership is about anything, it’s about making hard choices.
- jentys [ˈɟentys]
- n. 2sol. leader, ruler, commander. ( < jemagon.)
- Jentys Dovaogēdyro syt iksā. — You are the leader of the Unsullied.
- jēnqa [ˈɟeːɴqa] -ys, -on, -on
- jēnqelie [ˈɟeːɴqelie] -ior
- jēnqēpsa [ɟeːɴˈqeːpsa] indec.
- num. eighty
- jēnqīblie [ɟeːɴˈqiːblie] -ior
- jeson [ˈɟeson]
- n. 3ter. dust
- jeva [ˈɟeva] -ys, -on, -or
- jevon [ˈɟevon]
- jikagon [ɟiˈkagon]
- perfect: jittan
- v. C-fin.? to send (prob. jagon + -kagon.)
- Va oktio remȳti vale jikās. — Send a man to the city gates.
- Āeksio Oño jemot Muñe Zaldrīzoti jittas. — The Lord of Light sent the Mother of Dragons to you.
- jiōragon [ˈɟioːragon]
- v. Obl. appl. C-fin.? to receive (at least in the sense of receiving a guest) ( < i- + iōragon to stand)
- Belmurtī ivestrās kesīr pōnte jiōrinna se pōjon obūljarion mazōrīnna. — Tell the slavers I will receive them here and accept their surrender.
- with va →dat. to welcome to...
- Va Mīrīnot jemī jiōran. — Welcome to Meereen.
- in the imperfect passive to be welcome.
- Kesīr drējī jiorilaks. — You are very welcome here.
- jiōrnon [ˈɟioːrnon]
- jogeltigon [ɟoˈgeltigon]
- v. C-fin. to silence (prob. contains jo-.)
- Elēni ñuhe jogeltigon sylutis, sepār jevon jogeltigon sylussi. Yn kostosy daor. — They tried to silence my voice, as they try to silence yours. But they cannot.
- johegagon [ɟoheˈgagon]
- v. C-fin. to continue to slaughter ( < jo- + *hegagon to slaughter.)
- Quptyssy pontālī johegzi se jomōzū. — The heathen continue to slaughter each other and you continue to get drunk
- jollōragon [ɟolˈloːragon]
- perfect: jollōrtan
- v. C-fin. to study +dat.? ( < jor- + lōragon to drill, to bore).
- Issarori jollōris lua riña. — A girl who studies people.
- jomīsagon [ɟoˈmiːsagon]
- perfect: jomīstan
- v. C-fin.. to wear armor on →acc. the person or body part, →inst. the equipment ( < jo- + mīsagon.)
- Bonys azantys geltose jomīsos daor. — That knight is not wearing a helmet.
- jomōzugon [ɟoˈmoːzugon]
- v. V-fin. to continue to get drunk ( < jo- + mōzugon to drink.)
- Quptyssy pontālī johegzi se jomōzū. — The heathen continue to slaughter each other and you continue to get drunk
- jorepagon [ɟoreˈpagon]
- v. C-fin. to pray (< jor- + epagon.)
- Jaehot avy iderēbās jorepās. — Pick a god and pray.
- →gen. to pray to, to beg
- Zȳhi perzi stepagon Āeksio Ōño jorepi, se morghūltas lī qēlītsos sikagon. — We beg the Lord to share his fire, and light a candle that has gone out.
- jorepnon [ɟoreˈpnon]
- n. 3ter. prayer ( < jorepagon + -non.)
- Jeva jorepna ryptas se pōnte udlitas. — He has heard your prayers and answered them.
- jorhakoɡon [ɟor̥aˈkoɡon]
- v. V-fin. to wring ondossa jorhakogon to wring one's hands ( < jor- + hakogon to pull)
- Ondossa jorhakēlāt, lykāpsirī Zaldrīzoti Muño amāzinon jumbari? — Will you wring your hands, while you wait idly for the Mother of Dragons to return?
- jorrāelagon [ɟorˈraːelagon]
- perfect: jorrāeltan
- v. C-fin. to hold dear, to love; to need ( < jo- + rāelagon.)
- Muñus jorrāeliarzus: Olvie hen embraro tolmiot nykēlot avy ivestragon issa. — Dearest Mother: So much news I have to give you from over the seas.
- jūlor [ˈɟuːlor]
- n. 3aq. milk
- Aōhor jūlor mōzun. — I am drinking your milk.
- jumbagon [ˈɟumbagon]
- perfect: jumptan
- v. Obl. appl. C-fin. to wait for ( < i + umbagon.)
- Ondossa jorhakēlāt, lykāpsirī Zaldrīzoti Muño amāzinon jumbari? — Will you wring your hands, while you wait idly for the Mother of Dragons to return?
- prop. n. ter° Yunkai ( < Ghiscari)
- Lodaor hēnkos vējose hae Astaprot Yunkai botilza. — Otherwise, Yunkai will suffer the same fate as Astapor.
- jurnegon [ˈɟurnegon]
K
- kaerīnio [kaeˈriːnio]
- kaerīnnon [kaeˈriːnnon]
- n. 3ter. salvation (prob. *kaerīñagon + -non.)
- Jemēlo kaerīnnon ivīlībilāt? — Will you fight for your own salvation?
- kasta [ˈkasta] -ys, -on, -or
- adj. I blue, green
- kēli [ˈkeːli]
- n. 5lun. cat, pauc. kēlin herd of cats[1]; qelbōñe kēli river otter; embōñe kēli sea otter.
- Kēlir morghūlis — All cats must die.
- keligon [keˈligon]
- perfect: kelitan
- v. V-fin. to stop, to come to a stop. Generally used intransitively, except in the perfect passive participle: keliton ended.
- Dovaogēdys .... Kelītīs. — Unsullied .... Halt.
- Sesīr Urnēbion Zȳhon Keliton Issa. — And Now His Watch Is Ended.
- kēlio [ˈkeːlio]
- kēlītsos [keːˈliːtsos]
- kempa [ˈkempa] -ys, -on, -or
- adj. I heavy
- kepa [ˈkepa]
- n. 1lun. father; father's brother, paternal uncle.
- riño kepa — the girl's father[1]
- Kepo Tubis Biare — Happy Father's Day
- keragon [keˈragon]
- v. C-fin.? to cook
- kesa [ˈkesa] -ys, -on, -or
- dem.pron. adj. I this proximal, inanimate
- Kesys ondor avy sytilībus daor. — You should not have these powers.
- kesir [ˈkesir]
- dem.pron. 5aq. this one proximal, inanimate, for abstract or uncountable entitites, "this place."
- Kesir gīmī. — You know this
- Kesir sepār īlza — This too shall pass
- kesrio syt because, for; on account of this.
- kesīr [ˈkesiːr]
- dem.pron. adv. here (loc. of kesir.)
- Belmurtī ivestrās kesīr pōnte jiōrinna. — Tell the slavers I will receive them here.
- kesy [ˈkesy]
- keskydoso [keskyˈdoso]
- adv. in the same way, likewise. ( < demonstrative kes- + -kydoso.)
- Mentyri idañe jevi ivestrilātās keskydoso gaomagon. — You shall tell your fellow soldiers to do likewise.
- kessa [ˈkessa]
- intj. yes (3s fut.act.ind. of sagon.)
- khal [xal], khali]] ['xali]
- khalēsi [xaˈleːsi]
- n. 6for Khaleesi, Dothraki queen, wife of a khal ( < Doth. khaleesi.)
- Hen Parmenko Embāzmā Khalēsi — Khaleesi of the Great Grass Sea
- kiōs [kioːs]
- n. 3sol. spring
- kipagon [kipagon]
- v. to ride
- Sesīr kipi. — And now we ride.
- kirimves [kiˈrimves]
- n. 4sol. joy ( < kirine + -ves.)
- Naenio jēdoti kirimvose glaesātās! — May you live happily for many years!
- kirimvose [kiˈrimvose], kirimvos]] [ki'rimvos]
- exp. thank you. (Inst. of kirimves.)
- kirimvose daor no thank you, kirimvose, sȳz iksan thanks I'm good.
- kirine [kiˈrine] -ior
- adj. II happy
- Tubī hae kesīr sittāks, sesīr kirine iksan. — You were born on a day like this one, and so I am happy.
- kisagon [kiˈsagon]
- v. obsolete word for to eat. Word persists in Classical High Valyrian, but it is considered coarse.
- kisalbar [kiˈsalbar]
- n. 1aq. feast, (contains -albar (cf. geralbar), presumably related to kisagon, an obsolete verb meaning "to eat".)
- Lāroti syt kisalbar — A Feast for Crows
- kisikagon [kisiˈkagon]
- perfect: kisittan
- v. C-fin. to feed →acc. the recipient, →inst. the food. ( < kisagon + -ikagon.)
- Zoklī havoso kisittoty daor. — We did not feed the wolves bread.
- kīvio [ˈkiːvio]
- n. 3lun. promise
- Jemot kivio ñuhe tepan — I give you my word.
- Kivio Dārilaros The Prince That Was Promised
- Meri kīvio dārilaros ōz maghagon kostas. — Only the prince who was promised can bring the dawn.
- Ziry kivio dārilaros issa, se zȳhon suvio perzō vāedar issa. — He is the prince that was promised, and his is the song of ice and fire.
- klios [klios] klioh-
- n. 3sol fish
- Kesy ñuhys klios issa. — This one is my squid.
- kona [ˈkona] -ys, -on, -or
- konir [ˈkonir]
- dem.pron. 5aq. that one distal, inanimate, for abstract or uncountable entities, that place.
- Dārys issa vestris, se prūmio ñuho konir drējior issa. — They say he is a king and of my heart that is true.
- Konir sagon kostos daor. — That's not possible.
- konīr [ˈkoniːr]
- konor [ˈkonor]
- n. 3aq. steam, vapor.
- kony [ˈkony]
- korze [ˈkorze]
- korzion [ˈkorzion]
- korzita [ˈkorzita]
- adj. I firm, taut, stretched (Perh. from a verb *korzigon.)
- Korzitī prūbrī jorrāelan. — I like the firm apples.
- kostagon [ˈkostagon]
- perfect: kōttan
- v. C-fin. to be able, can, may.
- Konir sagon kostos daor — That's not possible.
- Henujagon jaelza lua vala mirre henujagon kostas. — Any man who wishes to leave may leave.
- Vestragon koston daor. — I cannot say.
- kostilus [ˈkostilus]
- adv. perhaps; exp. please. (3s. fut.act.subj. of kostagon, lit. be it possible.)
- Kostilus jevi āeksia yno bē pirtra jemot vestretis. — Your masters may have told you lies about me.
- kostio [ˈkostio]
- kostion [ˈkostion]
- n. 3ter. power, might ( < kostagon + -ion.)
- Sēteroti kostion vale ossȳngas. — The power of the magic spells frightens the man.
- kostōba [koˈstoːba]
- adj. I powerful, strong, mighty ( < kostagon)
- Mittys iksā. Āeksia tolī kostōbi issi. — You’re a fool. The masters are too strong.
- Kostōba Nēdenkā. — Strong and Brave.
- kostōbirī [koˈstoːbiriː]
- adv. powerfully, mightily, strongly ( < kostōba + -irī.)
- Zokla kēlio kostōbirī angotas. — The wolf bit mightily into the lion.
- krēgo [ˈkreːgo]
- n. 3lun. beet
- Skoro syt kesī krēga bāngā? — Why are you baking these beets?
- kris [kris] krih-
- n. 3sol. leg
- Averilloma vala azanti krihot ondurtas. — The drunk man grabbed the knight by the leg.
- krubo [ˈkrubo]
- n. 3lun. dwarf
- kustikagon [kustiˈkagon]
- perfect: kustittan
- v. C-fin. to strengthen, enable, encourage ( < kostagon + -ikagon.)
- Ābre kustittas lua vala raqiros issa. — The man who encouraged the woman is a friend.
- kydȳbagon [kyˈdyːbagon]
- perfect: kydȳptan
- v. C-fin. to measure (prob. contains -bagon.)
- Kydȳptakson sȳz kesos. — It would be good to have been measured.
- kyndrir [ˈkyndrir]
- n. 6col. intestines
- kyno [ˈkyno]
- n. 3lun. silkworm
- kȳvanon [ˈkyːvanon]
- Kȳvakio [ˈkyːvakio]
L
- laes [laes] laeh-
- n. 3sol. eye.
- Laehossa yne ōdris. — My eyes hurt.
- laehurlion [laeˈhurlion]
- laehurloqitta [laehurloˈqitta]
- adj. I faceless ( < laehurlion face + -oqitta.)
- Laehurloqitti Vali The Faceless Men.
- lanta [ˈlanta] -ys, -on, -on
- lantēpsa [ˈlanteːpsa] indec.
- num. twenty
- lantīblie [lanˈtiːblie] -ior
- lanty [ˈlanty]
- n. 2lun. fox
- laodiapos [ˈlaodiapos]
- n. 3sol. mask (contains -iapos. Cf. laodigon, qrillaodagon.)
- Laodiaposo jomīsagon avy sytilīptas. — You should have worn the mask.
- laodigon [ˈlaodigon]
- v. V-fin. to steal
- lāra [ˈlaːra]
- n. 1lun. crow
- leghagon [leˈɣagon]
- perfect: lēdan
- v. C-fin. to fill. →acc. the thing being filled, →gen. the substance with which it is filled, →inst. the instrument by which it is filled.
- lēda [ˈleːda] -ys, -on, -or
- adj. I filled, full →gen. with..., of... (perf. part. of leghagon.)
- Kesrio syt bantis zōbrie issa se ossȳngnoti lēdys. — For the night is dark and full of terrors
- lēkia [ˈleːkia]
- n. 1lun. older brother; older male cousin by father's brother or mother's sister.
- Viserys Daenero lēkia issa. — Viserys is Daenerys's brother.
- lenton [ˈlenton]
- n. 3ter. house as in a physical building in which one lives.
- lentor [ˈlentor]
- n. 3aq. house in the sense of family, noble line, dynasty. (originally a relexified collective of lenton, which was then reanalyzed into a 3aq. noun.)
- Nyke Daenerys Jelmāzmo hen Targārio Lentrot. — I am Daenerys Stormborn of the House Targaryen.
- lentor [ˈlentor]
- lentun [ˈlentun]
- letagon [leˈtagon]
- v. C-fin. to tie, to bind
- lilagon [liˈlagon]
- v. C-fin. to dance
- Valar lilis. — All men must dance.
- limagon [liˈmagon]
- perfect: limatan
- v. V-fin. to cry
- Valar limassis, hāedus. Valar limassis. — All men must cry, little sister. All men must cry.
- lioragon [lioˈragon]
- perfect: liortan
- v. C-fin. to sell
- Dohaeriros istin, sindita liortā, qilonta ozbartā. — I was a slave once, bought and sold, scourged and branded.
- liorilaksa [lioriˈlaksa] -ys, -on, -or
- līr [liːr]
- rel.pron. that which (is) for abstract or uncountable entitites (subst. of lua.)
- Valo lurio vaoresan. — I prefer that which is a man‘s.
- līrinon [ˈliːrinon]
- n. 3ter smile ( < līrigon to smile + -non.)
- Prūmiā līrinoso rēbās! — Walk with a smile in your heart!
- līrigon [ˈliːrigon]
- v. V-fin. to smile
- perfect: ilīritan
- litse [ˈlitse]
- adj. II fair, beautiful.
- Gryves se Riña Litse. — The Bear and the Maiden Fair.
- lo [lo]
- conj. if (perh. related to lua?)
- Lo jention mirre nūmāzme ēza, iderenna qopsa verdagon issa. — If leadership is about anything, it’s about making hard choices.
- lo sīr now that
- Jemēlo kaerīnnon ivīlībilāt, lo sīr Dāria Daenerys jemī ivīlībagon kesīr īlos daor? — Will you fight for your own salvation, now that Queen Daenerys is not here to fight for you?
- lodaor [lodaor]
- conj. otherwise. (lo + daor.)
- Lodaor hēnkos vējose hae Astaprot Yunkai botilza. — Otherwise, Yunkai will suffer the same fate as Astapor.
- lōgor [ˈloːgor]
- loktys [ˈloktys]
- lopor [ˈlopor]
- n. 3aq? salt
- lōragon [ˈloːragon]
- v. C-fin. to drill, to bore Takes a dative object.
- lōrty [ˈloːrty]
- n. 2lun. tunnel, hole ( < lōragon.)
- Azantys lōrtot udekurza. — The knight is approaching the tunnel.
- prop. n. 6for. Lorath
- Jaqen hen Lorathī iksos daor. — Jaqen is not from Lorath.
- lōta [ˈloːta] -ys, -on, -or
- adj. I solid
- lōtirī [ˈloːtiriː]
- adv. steadfastly ( < lōta + -irī.)
- Lo Dārie se pāsābari sytiotāpia lōtirī jorrāeloty, sepār dōre vala arlī īlōn belmurilza. — If we are steadfast in our love for the Queen and her faithful advisors, no man will ever lock us in chains again
- lōtinty [loːˈtinty]
- n. 2lun pie
- Tolī rhūqo lōtinti, kostilus. — More pigeon pie, please.
- lōz [loːz] lōrior
- adj. II wet
- lua [lua]
- rel.pron. adj. who, which, that; agrees with head noun's gender, case & number(?) in main clause.
- lurugon [luˈrugon]
- v. V-fin. to fold
- lurvon [ˈlurvon]
- lȳ [lyː]
- rel.pron. one which (is) for concrete, countable entities (subst. of lua.)
- Valo luo vaoresan. — I prefer one which is a man‘s.
- lyka [ˈlyka]
- lykāpsirī [lyˈkaːpsiriː]
- adv. idly ( < *lykāpsa + -irī, presumably ultimately derived from lyka.)
- Ondossa jorhakēlāt, lykāpsirī Zaldrīzoti Muño amāzinon jumbari? — Will you wring your hands, while you wait idly for the Mother of Dragons to return?
- lykemagon [lykeˈmagon]
- perfect: lykēdan
- v. C-fin. (irreg.) to silence (< lyka + emagon)
- Aōle lykemās. — Be quiet.
- lyks [ˈlyks]
- n.3sol. peace (cf. lyka.)
- lyks mazverdagon to bring peace
- Meli Voktyssy Mīrīnī lyks mazverdagon beldis. — The Red Priests helped bring peace to Meereen.
- Lȳs [lyːs] lyv-
- prop. n. 3sol. Lys
- Lyvo vali ābrī gevī laehossa ēzi. — The men and women have beautiful eyes.
- Zān hen Lyvot ābre ūndan. — Yesterday I saw a woman from Lys.
M
- maegi [ˈmaegi]
- n. 5lun. wise-woman, witch (original language uncertain, but declension class suggests a Valyrian origin. Root meaning may be wise.)
- maghagon [maˈɣagon]
- v. C-fin. to bring
- Udrāzmī jemot maghon daor. Iderennon maghan. — I do not bring you commands. I bring you a choice.
- mālor [ˈmaːlor]
- n. 3aq. rice (DJP supposes that the Valyrians cultivated it.)
- manaeragon [maˈnaeragon]
- v. C-fin. to raise, →acc: to celebrate, biarvī manaeragon to celebrate (good fortune).
- Yn aderī, mōrī, aōt māzīli se hēnkirī īlvi biarvī manaerili. — But soon, when it is all over, we shall come to you and celebrate together.
- mandia [ˈmandia]
- n. 1lun. older sister; older female cousin by father's brother or mother's sister.
- majaqagon [maɟaˈqagon]
- massa [ˈmassa]
- n. 1lun bat.
- massigon [ˈmassigon]
- v. V-fin. to happen, perhaps also to become (perh. maz- + sigon, aorist of sagon, to come to be.)
- "Skorion massitas?" "Qringōntan." — "What happened?" "I failed."
- mazemagon [mazeˈmagon]
- v. C-fin. (irreg.). to take. ( lit. come to have, < maz- + emagon)
- mazilībagon [maziˈliːbagon]
- v. C-fin. to set (of the sun) (lit. something like come to lie (< maz- + ilībagon, also seen in sytilībagon to belong, < ilagon to lie (down) + -ībagon.)
- Lo vēzos endiā sīmonus se ñāqot mazilībus. — When the sun rises in the west and sets in the east.
- māzigon [ˈmaːzigon]
- perfect: māstan
- v. V-fin. to come.
- māzīlarion [maːˈziːlarion]
- n. 3ter. future
- mazōregon [mazˈoːregon]
- v. V-fin. to accept ( lit. come to hold < maz- + ōregon.)
- Belmurtī ivestrās kesĪr pōnte jiōrinna se pōjon obūljarion mazōrīnna. — Tell the slavers I will receive them here and accept their surrender.
- mazverdagon [mazˈverdagon]
- perfect: mazvēttan
- v. C-fin. to create (lit. come to arrange, < maz- + verdagon.)
- Valar mazvēttas luos belmossi zirȳle tolvȳs gaomoso iderennosō letis — All men bind themselves with chains that they have created, through every deed and decision.
- Īlōn pryjassis līr īlōn mazverdis. — What destroys us, creates us.
- lyks mazverdagon to bring peace
- Meli Voktyssy Mīrīnī lyks mazverdagon beldis. — The Red Priests helped bring peace to Meereen.
- mele [ˈmele]-ior
- adj. II red, dark orange, dark brown
- Mele Voktys Red Priest i.e. a cleric of the Lord of Light.
- Meli Voktyssy Mīrīnī lyks mazverdagon beldis. — The Red Priests helped bring peace to Meereen.
- Melisandre [meliˈsandre]
- melvo [ˈmelvo]
- n. 3lun. pear
- Ñuha muña melvo nektos. — My mother is slicing a pear.
- memēbagon [meˈmeːbagon]
- v. C-fin. to march. (-ēbagon formation off of unknown verb *memagon.)
- Dovaogēdys! Naejot memēbātās! — Unsullied! Forward march!
- mentyn [ˈmentyn]
- mentys [ˈmentys]
- n. 2sol soldier,
- Dovaogēdys! Āeksia ossēnātās, menti ossēnātās! — Unsullied! Slay the masters, slay the soldiers!
- col. mentyr
- Mentyri idañe jevi ivestrilātās keskydoso gaomagon. — You shall tell your fellow soldiers to do likewise.
- mentyr [ˈmentyr]
- mēny [ˈmeːny]
- n. 2lun. body
- Ābra mīsvoso zȳhe mēni jomīsas. — The woman is wearing armor on her body.
- Merakses [meˈrakses]
- prop. n. 4sol. Meraxes, one of the dragons used in Aegon's invasion of Westeros.
- merbugon [ˈmerbugon]
- mēre [ˈmeːre] -ior
- mērī [ˈmeːriː]
- adv. only, alone ( < mēre + -ī.)
- Dāerves jevys tepagon yne sytilībos daor. Jemēle mērī sytilības. — Your freedom is not mine to give. It belongs to you and you alone.
- mēriot [ˈmeːriot]
- adv. once, one time ( < mēre.)
- Mērī mēriot ziry vūjitan! — I only kissed her once!
- mhysa [ˈmysa]
- n. 1lun., or n. 6for.[3] the Ghiscari word for mother, widely used in Slaver's Bay. One of Daenerys Targarien's titles. ( < AV mysa < Ghiscari mhysa.)
- mība [ˈmiːba] -ys, -on, -or
- adj. I short
- Mirri ōdria uēpi dōrī drējī zgiēñisi, sepār hen mībājȳr udīr ānogrosa anehussi. — Some old wounds never truly heal, and bleed again at the slightest word.
- mījāelion [miːɟaːelion]
- mijegon [miˈɟegon]
- perfect: mijetan
- v. V-fin. to lack, be without, be apart from. →inst.
- Dōrior dārion udrirzi mijessis. — There’s no country without a language.
- Mīrīn [ˈmiːriːn]
- mirre [ˈmirre] -ior
- adj. II any This word has many uses, corresponding almost exactly to those of the English equivalent any; some.
- In the sense of all:
- Henujagon jaelza lua vala mirre henujagon kostas. — Any man who wishes to leave may leave.
- in the sense of whatever:
- Muñar aōt teptas lue brōzi, iā mirre tolie iderēbās. — Choose the name your parents gave you, or any other.
- as opposed to none:
- Lo jention mirre nūmāzme ēza, iderenna qopsa verdagon issa. — If leadership is about anything, it’s about making hard choices.
- with a negative:
- Jomōzussis lua vala mirros ēngoso ȳdrassigon kostilos daor. — A man who keeps getting drunk will not be able to speak any language
- In the sense of some:
- Mirri ōdria uēpi dōrī drējī zgiēñisi... — Some old wounds never truly heal...
- mirrī [ˈmirriː]
- mirriot [ˈmirriot]
- indef.pron. somewhere/anywhere ( < mirre.)
- Kesīr mirriot dēmā? — Are you sitting anywhere here?
- mirros [ˈmirros]
- indef.pron. 3sol something, anything? (substantive of mirre.)
- Ynot mirros epās! — Ask me something!
- pauc. mirrun indef.pron. some, some people.
- Mirrun mōrqitto bantiot sikiks. — Some are born to endless night.
- coll. mirror indef.pron. whatever
- Ynot mirrori tepās. — Give me whatever.
- mirtys [ˈmirtys]
- indef.pron. 2sol. Someone, anyone (< mirre + -tys)
- Tolvys mirtys issa. — Everybody is someone.
- mīsagon [ˈmiːsagon]
- perfect: mīstan
- v. C-fin.. to defend, to protect. →acc. of the thing protected
- mīsio [ˈmiːsio]
- mīsvos [ˈmiːsvos]
- mittys [ˈmittys]
- n. 2sol. fool
- Mittys iksā. Āeksia tolī kostōbi issi. — You’re a fool. The masters are too strong.
- molry [ˈmolry]
- n. 2lun. horn
- morghe [ˈmorɣe]
- adj. II dead
- Ionos Sōnaro morghe iksos daor. — Jon Snow isn't dead.
- col. subst. morghor the dead
- Bosys bantis amāzis, se morghor zijomy amāzis. — The long night is coming, and the dead come with it.
- morghon [ˈmorɣon]
- n. 3ter. death
- Morghot nēdyssy sesīr zūgusy azantys vestras. — The knight says that even the brave men fear death.
- morghūlilare [morɣuːliˈlare] -ior
- adj. II mortal (future participle of morghūljagon.)
- morghūljagon [morˈɣuːʎagon]
- perfect: morghūltan
- v. C-fin. to die ( < morghe + -ūljagon.)
- of fire to burn out
- Zȳhi perzi stepagon Āeksio Ōño jorepi, se morghūltas lī qēlītsos sikagon. — We beg the Lord to share his fire, and light a candle that has gone out.
- Valar morghūlis All men must die, a common greeting.
- mōris [ˈmoːris]
- n. 5sol. end, conclusion; loc. or adv. mōrī at the end, finally; va moriot always lit. to the end.
- mōrqitta [moːrˈqitta]
- adj. I endless ( < mōris end + -oqitta.)
- Mirrun mōrqitto bantiot sikiks. — Some are born to endless night.
- mōzugon [ˈmoːzugon]
- v. V-fin. to drink
- Aōhor jūlor mōzun. — I am drinking your milk.
- muña [ˈmuɲa]
- n. 1lun. mother; mother's sister, maternal aunt.
- Muño ēngos mother tongue.
- Muña Zaldrīzoti. — The Mother of Dragons.
- Coll. muñar "parents."
- Muñar aōt teptas lue brōzi, iā mirre tolie iderēbās. — Choose the name your parents gave you, or any other.
- mundagon [ˈmundagon]
- v. to be miserable
- He hears the Stone Men in their misery… — mundari dorenki rybis…
- munnon [ˈmunnon]
- Mȳr [myːr]
- prop. n. 3aq. Myr
- myrdys [myrdys]
- n. 2sol. or 2lun. deer
- Sȳndroso lykāpa, myrdomy aderpa, iēdrosa gīdāpa. Zūger korzose trūmȳtrī nektossis. — Quiet as a shadow, swift as a deer, calm as still water. Fear cuts deeper than swords.
N
- nābēmagon [naːˈbeːmagon]
- v. to unfasten, to unleash; to fire a siege engine ( < nā- + *bēmagon, presumably meaning to fasten, restrain.)
- nādīnagon [naːˈdiːnagon]
- naejītsos [ˈnaeɟiːtsos]
- naejon [ˈnaeɟon]
- n. 3ter. front, torso
- Zȳhon naejon kostōbon issa; zȳhon inkon daor. — His front is powerful, his back is not.
- naejot [ˈnaeɟot]
- postp.→gen. in front of; adv. forward. (the locative or dative case of naejon.)
- Dovaogēdys! Naejot memēbātās! — Unsullied! Forward march!
- naejos [ˈnaeɟos]
- naena [ˈnaena] -ys, -on, -or
- naenie [ˈnaenie] -ior
- nagegon [naˈgegon]
- perfect: nagetan
- v. V-fin. to sweat
- Taoba nagetos daor. — The boy did not sweat.
- nāgīdāves [naːɡiːˈdaːves]
- n. 4sol. Inequality
- Dobotēdāves. Nāgīdāves. Qrinuntenkāves. — Ignorance. Inequality. Antagonism.
- nākostōbāves [naːkostoːˈbaːves]
- nāmorghūlilare [naːmorɣuːliˈlare] -ior
- adj. II immortal ( < nā- + morghūljagon.)
- nāmorghūlilaros [naːmorɣuːliˈlaros]
- n. 3sol. immortal (nominalized form of nāmorghūlilare.)
- nāpāsiros [naːˈpaːsiros]
- n. 3sol. unbeliever ( < nā- + pāsiros subst. aor. part. of pāsagon.)
- Pyryrzy napasirossa vokemilzi, va daorunta ñelli qringaomnā pōjo zālari. — They will purify nonbelievers by the thousands, burning their sins and flesh away.
- nāpāstys [naːˈpaːstys]
- n. 2sol. unbeliever ( < nā- + pāsagon + -tys)
- Belma se pōnte sētessis lȳri nāpāstyri ozzālilāt? — Will you burn away the chains and the nonbelievers who make them?
- nāqopsir [ˈnaːqopsir]
- nāvar [ˈnaːvar]
- n. 1aq. lake
- nēdenka [neːˈdeŋka]
- nēdenkirī [neːˈdeŋkiriː]
- nēdys [ˈneːdys]
- n. 2sol brave person (substantivized form of *nēda brave.)
- Morghot nēdyssy sesīr zūgusy azantys vestras. — The knight says that even the brave men fear death.
- nehugon [neˈhugon]
- v. V-fin. to leak → inst. of the substance leaked, e.g. ānogrosa nehugon to bleed
- Insv. anehugon to leak with impersonal subjects.
- Mirri ōdria uēpi dōrī drējī zgiēñisi, sepār hen mībājȳr udīr ānogrosa anehussi. — Some old wounds never truly heal, and bleed again at the slightest word.
- nekēpty [neˈkeːpty]
- n. 2lun. idol (likely a substantivied perfect participle from unattested *nekēbagon, possibly meaning to carve, compare nektogon to cut, and the English expression graven image.)
- Roberti Dāri zȳhi nekēpti se Āeksiot Ōño jemagon. — Turn King Robert away from his idols and toward the Lord of Light.
- nektogon [ˈnektogon]
- perfect: nektotan
- v. V-fin. to cut, to slice.
- Ābra gerpī nektotas. — The woman cut the fruit.
- nevegon [ˈnevegon]
- perfect: nevetan
- v. V-fin. to carry
- Azantys taobe zenturliot nevetas. — The knight carried the boy to the inn.
- nopāzma [noˈpaːzma]
- nopon [ˈnopon]
- n. 3ter. hole, pit
- Norvos [ˈnorvos]
- prop. n. 3sol. Norvos
- nūmāzma [nuːˈmaːzma]
- n. 1lun. meaning, essence, the truth of it (probably nūmo + -āzma.)
- Lo jention mirre nūmāzme ēza, iderenna qopsa verdagon issa. — If leadership is about anything, it’s about making hard choices.
- Aōle rūda, nūmāzma issa. — You quit, you mean.
- nūmio [ˈnuːmio]
- nūmo [ˈnuːmo]
- nuspes [ˈnuspes]
- n. 4sol. cow, female head of cattle
- nyke [ˈnyke]
- pers.pron. I.
- nykēla [nyˈkeːla]
Ñ
- ñābranna [ɲaːˈbranna]
- n. 1lun. father's younger sister's child, cousin by paternal aunt younger than father.
- Iōnos ñuha ñābranna issa. — Jon is my cousin.
- ñāmar [ˈɲaːmar] nābro
- n. 1aq. father's younger sister, paternal aunt younger than father
- Rhaella aōhor ñāmar issa? — Is Rhaella your aunt?
- ñāqa [ˈɲaːqa]
- adj. I eastern.
- Lo vēzos endiā sīmonus se ñāqot mazilībus. — When the sun rises in the west and sets in the east.
- ñāqes [ˈɲaːqes]
- n. 2lun skin, flesh
- Pyryrzy napasirossa vokemilzi, va daorunta ñelli qringaomnā pōjo zālari. — They will purify nonbelievers by the thousands, burning their sins and flesh away.
- ñellyr [ˈɲellyr]
- n. 6col.2?. skin, flesh as a general substance?
- va ñellyrty perzys fire made flesh
- Va ñellyrty perzys zȳhyz zaldrīzesse issi, Āeksio Oño irudy. — Her dragons are fire made flesh, a gift from the Lord of Light.
- ñepegon [ˈɲepegon]
- v. V-fin. to sew
- ñōghe [ˈɲoːɣe]
- n. 4lun. arm
- Nykēlo syt ūndon daor luo valzȳro ñōghossi ōressiks. — I find myself held by the arms of a husband I never expected to have.
- ñōghoqitta [ɲoːɣoˈqitta]
- ñōghybon [ˈɲoːɣybon]
- n. 3ter. elbow ( < ñōghe + ybon.)
- Ñuhon ñōghybon renigon daor, mittys! — Don't touch my elbow, fool!
- ñombes [ˈɲombes]
- n. 4sol. elephant
- ñuha [ˈɲuha] -ys, -on, -or
- ñuhon [ˈɲuhon]
- ñuhoso [ɲuˈhoso]
- adv. in my way, as I wish (ins. of ñuha.)
- Aōhoso ziry rijībiā, se ñuhoso ziry rijībin. — You worship Him your way, and I'll worship Him mine.
- ñuqir [ˈɲuqir]
- n. 5aq. ash, ashes
- Hen sȳndrorro, ōños. Hen ñuqīr, perzys. Hen morghot, glaeson. — From darkness, light. From ashes, fire. From death, life.
O
- obar [ˈobar]
- n. 1aq. curve
- obūljagon [oˈbuːʎagon]
- v. C-fin. to bend
- reflexive to bend the knee ( < *ob-]] seen in obar curve + -ūljagon.)
- Se morghon jāle obulilza. — And death itself will bend the knee.
- obūljarion [oˈbuːʎarion]
- n. 3ter. surrender (< obūljagon)
- Belmurtī ivestrās kesīr pōnte jiōrinna se pōjon obūljarion mazōrīnna. — Tell the slavers I will receive them here and accept their surrender.
- ōdragon [ˈoːdragon]
- v. C-fin. to hurt especially of body parts, with the person in the acc.
- Laehossa yne ōdris. — My eyes hurt.
- ōdres [ˈoːdres]
- ōdrikagon [oːˈdrikagon]
- ōdrio [ˈoːdrio]
- n. 3lun. wound (from the same root as ōdres, but "different ... because it’s a specific pain, not a general sensation."
- Mirri ōdria uēpi dōrī drējī zgiēñisi... — Some old wounds never truly heal...
- ōghar [ˈoːɣar]
- n. 1aq. hair
- ohīlagon [oˈhiːlagon]
- ohīlvos [oˈhiːlvos]
- n. 3sol. dagger, knife ( < ohīlagon + -vos.)
- Azantys ohīlvoso taobe idakos! — The knight is attacking the boy with a dagger!
- oiro [oˈiro]
- n. 3lun. fat
- ojehikagon [oɟehiˈkagon]
- ojughagon [oɟuˈɣagon]
- oktion [ˈoktion]
- n. 3ter city
- Va oktio remȳti vale jikās. — Send a man to the city gates.
- olvī [ˈolviː]
- adv. a lot, profusely
- Issa, olvī ziry jorrāelan. — Yes, I love him very much.
- olvie [ˈolvie] olvior
- adj. III much, many
- Olvī voktī Rulloro Qelbriā ūndessun daor. — I don’t see many priestesses of R’hllor in the Riverlands.
- Olvie hen embraro tolmiot nykēlot avy ivestragon issa. — So much news I have to give you from over the seas.
- olvȳn [ˈolvyːn]
- indef.pron. 6pauc.2sol much, many
- Olvȳni zaldrīzī eman. — I have many dragons.
- ondor [ˈondor]
- n. 6col.3sol. powers (relex. col. of ondos.)
- Kesys ondor avy sytilībus daor. — You should not have these powers.
- ondos [ˈondos]
- n. 3sol. hand. For ondor and ondoso see the respective entries.
- Jentys bykyz ondossa ēza. — The ruler has small hands.
- ondoso [ˈondoso]
- postp.→gen. by, at the hand of, used with passive verbs to mark the agent. (Inst. of ondos.)
- Valo ondoso Aerys iderēbaks. — Aerys is selected for by the man.
- onduragon [onduˈragon]
- v. C-fin. to grasp, to take up ( < ondos + -uragon)
- Iā jemēla zȳhys perzī ondurilāt? — Or will you take up her flames yourselves?
- onjapos [onˈɟapos]
- n. 3sol. carrot
- Anne onjapossa ipradas. — The horse is eating carrots.
- ōños [ˈoːɲos]
- n. 3sol. light
- Roberti Dāri zȳhi nekēpti se Āeksiot Ōño jemagon. — Turn King Robert away from his idols and toward the Lord of Light.
- ōrbar [ˈoːrbar]
- n. 1aq. smoke
- ōregon [ˈoːregon]
- v. V-fin. to hold
- Nykēlo syt ūndon daor luo valzȳro ñōghossi ōressiks. — I find myself held by the arms of a husband I never expected to have.
- ospȳnagon [osˈspyːnagon]
- ossēnagon [osˈseːnagon]
- v. C-fin. to kill, to slay. ( < oz- + sēnagon.)
- Dovaogēdys! Āeksia ossēnātās, menti ossēnātās! — Unsullied! Slay the masters, slay the soldiers!
- ossȳngagon [osˈsyːŋgagon]
- v. to terrify, terrorize (Etymology unknown but does not contain oz-, and is not primordially related to zūgagon
- ossȳngnon [osˈsyːŋgnon]
- n. 3ter. terror ( < ossȳngagon + -non.)
- Kesrio syt bantis zōbrie issa se ossȳngnoti lēdys. — For the night is dark and full of terrors
- otāpagon [oˈtaːpagon]
- v. to think
- Skoros otāpā? — What do you think?
- ōtor [ˈoːtor]
- n. 3aq. ram, male sheep.
- ovoño [oˈvoɲo]
- n. 3lun. jasmine flower.
- ozbaragon [oˈzbaragon]
- perfect: ozbartan
- v. C-fin.? to brand (contains oz-.)
- Hae jeme istin. Sindity se liorty, qilonty se ozbārty, qrillaetty se vaogēdy. — I was once as you are now. Bought and sold, scourged and branded, raped and defiled.
- ōz [oːz] on-
- n. 3sol. dawn (perhaps distantly related to ōños?)
- Meri kīvio dārilaros ōz maghagon kostas. — Only the prince who was promised can bring the dawn.
- ozdakonon [ozdaˈkonon]
- n. 3ter. running away ( < oz- + dakogon + -non, by way of *ozdakogon presumably to run away, to flee .)
- ozdakonot dīnagon put to flight, chase away.
- Sȳndrori jorrāelis lȳr ozdakonot ziry dīntis. — Those who love the darkness chased her away.
- ozgūroty [oˈzguːroty]
- n. 2lun. prisoner (substantivized participle of *ozgūrogon to capture < oz- + gurogon.)
- Kisalbrot ozgūrotys jagon. — Let the prisoners go to the banquet.
- ozzālagon [ozˈzaːlagon]
- v. C-fin. to burn away ( < oz- + zālagon.)
- Belma se pōnte sētessis lȳri nāpāstyri ozzālilāt? — Will you burn away the chains and the nonbelievers who make them?"
P
- paerī [ˈpaeriː]
- paez [paez]
- adj. II slow.
- paghagon [paˈɣagon]
- v. C-fin. breathe
- paktot [ˈpaktot]
- adv. to the right; to the side, beside
- Jevys qrinuntys jemo paktot issa — Your enemy is beside you.
- pālemio [ˈpaːlemio]
- n. 3lun. wrist
- Riña zȳhi raqiros pālemiot ondurtas. — The girl grabbed her friend by the wrist.
- pamagon [paˈmagon]
- perfect: pamptan
- v. C-fin. to rub
- Taobo bartos ondot pamptan. — I rubbed the boy's head with his own hand.
- pār [paːr]
- pron. then, at that time
- Ēlī prūbrī iprattan, pār averille mōzutan. — First I ate the apples, then I drank the wine.
- parklon [ˈparklon]
- n. 3ter. meat
- Kēlio parklon ipradas. — The lion is eating meat.
- parmon [ˈparmon]
- n. 3ter. grass
- pālegon [ˈpaːlegon]
- v. V-fin. to turn, to twist, to rotate
- pāletilla [paːleˈtilla]
- pāsagon [ˈpaːsagon]
- perfect: pāstan
- v. C-fin. to trust esp. in perf., believe esp. in imperf.
- Kepa zȳhe tale pāsiles. — The father believed his daughter.
- pāsābare [paːˈsaːbare]
- adj. II faithful ( present active participle of pasābagon)
- Lo Dārie se pāsābari sytiotāpia lōtirī jorrāeloty, sepār dōre vala arlī īlōn belmurilza. — If we are steadfast in our love for the Queen and her faithful advisors, no man will ever lock us in chains again
- pasābagon [pasaːˈbagon]
- pelar [ˈpelar]
- n. 1aq wave
- pelōñe [peˈloːɲe]
- pēko [ˈpeːko]
- n. 3lun olive
- peldio [ˈpeldio]
- n. 3lun. snake, viper (possibly from a verb root *pel- meaning something like to wiggle, undulate, wave? Cf. pelar.)
- Peldiō sȳndor. — The viper's shadow.
- pendagon [ˈpendagon]
- v. V-fin. to wonder.
- Pentos [ˈpentos]
- prop. n. 3sol. Pentos
- perzys [ˈperzys]
- n. 2sol. fire, flame; zīrtys perzys frozen fire, dragonglass, obsidian; perzo bē ȳgha fireproof.
- Perzys Ānogār. — Fire and Blood.
- col. perzyr fire as a substance.
- pikībagon [piˈkiːbagon]
- perfect: pikīptan
- v. C-fin. to read. ( < *pikagon + -ībagon.)
- Riña raqiroso pikīptas. — The girl read with a friend.
- piktagon [ˈpiktagon]
- v. C-fin. to follow.
- pirta [ˈpirta]
- adj. III false (etymology unknown. Possibly derived from an obsolete verb *piragon to lie, but no such verb exists in the Classical language.)
- pirtiapos [ˈpirtiapos]
- pirtir [ˈpirtir]
- n. 5aq. falsehood, lie (subs. of pirta.)
- Kostilus jevi āeksia yno bē pirtra jemot vestretis. — Your masters may have told you lies about me.
- pilogon [piˈlogon]
- perfect: pilotan
- v. V-fin. to hold with the hands (not the arms).
- Qilōni pilos lue vale tolvie ossēnātās — Slay every man who holds a whip!
- pogry [ˈpogry]
- n. 2lun. nail
- pōnta [ˈpoːnta]
- pers.pron. they.
- pōntāla [poːnˈtaːla]
- pōja [ˈpoːɟa] -ys, -on, -or
- pōjon [ˈpoːɟon]
- pragrion [ˈpragrion]
- n. 3ter bark
- prūbres [ˈpruːbres]
- n. 4sol apple
- Korzitī prūbrī jorrāelan. — I like the firm apples.
- prūmia [ˈpruːmia]
- n. 1lun. heart.
- Dārys issa vestris, se prūmio ñuho konir drējior issa. — They say he is a king and of my heart that is true.
- Ñuho prūmiā iksā. — You are in my heart.
- pryjagon [pryˈɟagon]
- perfect: pryjatan
- v. V-fin. to destroy, to break; strike off. Perf.pass.part. pryjata "destroyed."
- Urnet luo buzdaro tolvio belma pryjātās! — Strike the chains off every slave you see!
- pryjatys [pryˈɟatys]
- puatta [ˈpuatta] -ys, -on, -or
- adj. I rotten (possibly a perfect participle)
- pungilla [puŋˈgilla]
- pungos [ˈpuŋgos]
- n. 3sol. nose
- Skoriot aōhys pungos ilza, ñuhus talus? — Where is your nose, my daughter?
- puñila [puˈɲila]
- adj. I worn, weather beaten; of language proficiency rusty
- purtagon [ˈpurtagon]
- v. C-fin. to scratch
- pyghagon [pyˈɣagon]
- v. C-fin. to jump; to beat (of the heart)
- perfect: pȳdan
- ...rūso zȳhosy gōvilirose zijo syt pyghas lue prūmie. — ... with his child beneath the heart that beats for him.
- pykagon [pyˈkagon]
- v. C-fin. to spit
- pyrys [ˈpyrys]
- num. 2sol. thousand
- col.ins. pyryrzy by the thousands
- Pyryrzy napasirossa vokemilzi, va daorunta ñelli qringaomnā pōjo zālari. — They will purify nonbelievers by the thousands, burning their sins and flesh away.
Q
- qablos [ˈqablos]
- n. 3sol. liver
- qaedar [ˈqaedar]
- n. 1aq. whale
- Qaedar klios issa? Daor! — Is a whale a fish? No!
- qana [ˈqana] -ys, -on, -or
- adj. I sharp
- Qarthi [ˈqarθi], Qarth
- prop. n. 6for. Qarth
- Konor sēter hen Qarthī issa. — That spell is from Qarth.
- qanemagon [qaneˈmagon]
- v. C-fin. (irreg.) to sharpen. ( < qana + -emagon.)
- perfect: qanēdan
- qantys [ˈqantys]
- qelbar [ˈqelbar]
- n. 1aq. river.
- Qelbria [ˈqelbria]
- prop. n. 1aq°. the Riverlands ( < qelbar + -ria.)
- Olvī voktī Rulloro Qelbriā ūndessun daor. — I don’t see many priestesses of R’hllor in the Riverlands.
- qelbōñe [qelˈboːɲe]
- qeldlie [ˈqeldlie] -ior
- adj. III yellow, golden-colored, light brown, light orange
- Ondos Qeldlie — Goldenhand
- qēlītsos [ˈqeːliːtsos]
- n. 3sol. candle ( < qēlos + -ītsos, lit. app. little star.)
- Zȳhi perzi stepagon Āeksio Ōño jorepi, se morghūltas lī qēlītsos sikagon. — We beg the Lord to share his fire, and light a candle that has gone out.
- qēlos [ˈqeːlos]
- n. 3sol. star (original meaning may be torch: cf. qēlītsos.)
- Vēzos qēlossās ñuho. — My sun and stars.[1]
- Onqēlos Morning Star (At least as a translation for the name Danica, having the same meaning; < ōz + qēlos.)
- qībōños [qiːˈboːɲos]
- n. 3sol. cloak (possibly the substantivized form of an unattested adjective qībōñe, cf. -ōñe)
- Qībōños eman. — I have a cloak.
- qilōnagon [qiˈloːnagon]
- perfect: qilontan
- v. C-fin.? to scourge (cf. qilōny whip.)
- Hae jeme istin. Sindity se liorty, qilonty se ozbārty, qrillaetty se vaogēdy. — I was once as you are now. Bought and sold, scourged and branded, raped and defiled.
- Dohaeriros istin, sindita liortā, qilonta ozbartā. — I was a slave once, bought and sold, scourged and branded.
- qilōnarion [qiˈloːnarion]
- n. 3ter punishment (substantivized participle from qilōnagon to scourge.)
- Qilōnario Geron. — Walk of Punishment.
- qilōny [qiˈloːny]
- n. 2lun. whip
- Qilōni pilos lue vale tolvie ossēnātās. — Slay every man who holds a whip.
- qimos [ˈqimos]
- n. 3sol. chin
- qintir [ˈqintir]
- n. 5aq. turtle
- Ñuhor qintir jorrāelzi. — They love my turtle.
- qlādugon [ˈqlaːdugon]
- v. V-fin. to drag
- Belmondo bantāzma bōsa jemī qlādīlusy botilat? — Will you let them drag you back into the long night of bondage?
- qogron [ˈqogron]
- n. 3ter. line (prob. in the military sense; see qogror below.), pl. qogra formation
- Ābris, qogrossi jemēle verdātās! — Ladies, let's get in formation!
- qogror [ˈqogror]
- n. 6col.3ter. ranks; class, type, gender (relexicalized collective of qogron).
- Jenti jevi jemēle iderēbilātās, qogrondo jevo hēdrȳ — You will select your own leader, from amongst your own ranks.
- vēzenkon qogror. — “solar class”.
- Qohor [ˈqohor] gen. Qorho
- prop. n. 3aq. Qohor
- Vargo hen Qorhot issa. — Vargo is from Qohor.
- qopsa [ˈqopsa] -ys, -on, -or
- adj. I hard, difficult
- Lo jention mirre nūmāzme ēza, iderenna qopsa verdagon issa. — If leadership is about anything, it’s about making hard choices.
- qrīdronnor [qriːˈdronnor]
- n. 6col.3ter. Chaos. (< qrin- + rholagon + -non, lit. (pejorative) mixture.)
- Qrīdronnor hepvos issa. — Chaos is a ladder.
- qrīdropagon [qriːdroˈpagon]
- perfect: qrīdropatas
- v. V-fin. to be disgraced, to take a misstep, to be destroyed, figuratively to be lost (< qrin- + ropagon , lit. to misfall.)
- Lo inkot ūndion, qrīdropēnna. — If I look back, I am lost.
- qrīdrughagon [qriːdruˈɣagon]
- perfect: qrīdrūdan
- v. C-fin. to give up, to abandon, to throw away, to discard, to leave behind. ( < qrin- + rughagon, with the same n-deletion rule seen in bianor→biādra.)
- qrilaodagon [qrilˈlaodagon]
- perfect: qrilaetan
- v. C-fin.? to rape (contains qrin-, cf laodagon.)
- Hae jeme istin. Sindity se liorty, qilonty se ozbārty, qrillaetty se vaogēdy. — I was once as you are now. Bought and sold, scourged and branded, raped and defiled.
- qrimbrōzagon [ˈqrimbroːzagon]
- qrimbughegon [qrimbuˈɣegon]
- qringaomagon [qriŋˈgaomagon]
- v. C-fin. to fail, to err, to sin. ( < qrin- + gaomagon.)
- perfect: qringōntan
- "Skorion massitas?" "Qringōntan." — "What happened?" "I failed."
- Valar Qringaomis. — All men must fail.
- qringaomio [qriŋˈgaomio]
- n. 3lun. evildoer ( < qringaomagon + -io.)
- qringaomnon [qriŋˈgaomnon]
- n. 3ter. sin ( < qringaomagon + -non.)
- Pyryrzy napasirossa vokemilzi, va daorunta ñelli qringaomnā pōjo zālari. — They will purify nonbelievers by the thousands, burning their sins and flesh away.
- hen pōjo qringaomnoti for their sins
- Dohaerirossa hen pōjo belmondo daerēdas se hen pōjo qringaomnoti Āeksia īlinurtas. — She has freed the slaves from their chains and crucified the Masters for their sins.
- qrinuntenka [qrinunˈteŋka]
- adj. I antagonistic
- qrinuntenkāves [qrinunteŋˈkaːves]
- n. 4sol. antagonism.
- Dobotēdāves. Nāgīdāves. Qrinuntenkāves. — Ignorance. Inequality. Antagonism.
- qrinuntys [qriˈnuntys]
- n. 2sol. enemy
- Jevys qrinuntys jemo paktot issa — Your enemy is beside you.
- qryldes [ˈqryldes]
- n. 4sol. male pig
- quba [ˈquba] -ys, -on, -or
- adj. I bad
- qubirī]] [qu'biriː]
- adv. badly, poorly ( < quba + -irī.)
- Dārys azantī qubirī jemas. — The king is leading the soldiers poorly.
- *qubor ['qubor]
- qulbes [ˈqulbes]
- n. 4sol. chicken
- qumblie [ˈqumblie]
- adj. III thick
- Qumblie geltī emā. — You have a thick helmet.
- qupēgrie [qupˈeːgrie]
- adj. III terrible ( < possibly the same root as in quba + -ēgrie.)
- Zȳha Valyria qupēgrie issa. — His Valyrian is terrible
- quptenka [qupˈteŋka] -ys, -on, -or
- adj. I pagan; Quptenkys Ēngos The Common Tongue; ( < quptys.)
- Quptenkos Ēngoso ȳdrassis? — Do you speak the Common tongue?
- quptys [ˈquptys]
- n. 2sol. heathen
- Quptyssy pontālī johegzi se jomōzū. — The heathen continue to slaughter each other and you continue to get drunk
- qurdon [ˈqurdon]
- n. 3ter. table
- qūvy [ˈquːvy]
- n. 2lun. tear
- qȳbor [ˈqyːbor]
- n. 3aq. mother's younger brother, maternal uncle younger than mother.
- Ñurho qȳbro anni kostōbi issi. — My uncle's horses are powerful.
- qȳbranna [qyːˈbranna]
- n. 1lun. mother's younger brother's child, cousin by maternal uncle younger than mother.
- Ñuha qȳbranna sȳz annī ēza. — My cousin has a good horse.
R
- raedes [ˈraedes]
- n. 4sol. scorpion
- rāenābagon [raːeˈnaːbagon]
- rāenagon [ˈraːenagon]
- perfect: rāentan
- v. C-fin. to wipe, to brush
- Dohaerirot ñuhe annī rāenagon sētan. — I made the servant brush my horse.
- rāenion [ˈraːenion]
- n. 3ter. shore (probably connected to rāenagon and rāenābagon, with the idea of the land that the sea washes.)
- rāelagon ['raːelagon]
- rakegon [raˈkegon]
- v. V-fin. →inf. to take part in, to participate in, to have a hand in
- Astapor dāeremagon raketan. — I took part in freeing Astapor.
- rāpa [ˈraːpa]
- adj. I soft
- rāpūljagon [raːˈpuːʎagon]
- raqagon [raˈqagon]
- perfect: rattan
- v. C-fin.? to like, to love "lighter" than jorrāelagon, to enjoy
- Dohaeriakson raqan. — I like to be served.
- Avy jorrāelan. Avy raqan. — I love you. I love you.
- Nuiōrkī sōnari raqō daor? — Are you enjoying winter in New York?[4]
- raqiros [raˈqiros]
- n. 3sol. friend (relex. aor. part. of raqagon).
- Zūgagon daor, ñuhys raqiros. — Don’t be afraid, my friend.
- raqiarzy [raˈqiarzy]
- raqnon [ˈraqnon]
- n. 3ter. love
- Raqnon nākostōbāves issa. — Love is weakness.
- rēbagon [reːˈbagon]
- v. to walk, to pass.
- Prūmiā līrinoso rēbās! — Walk with a smile in your heart!
- Ynot rēbagon. — Let me pass.
- reks [ˈreks]
- n. 3sol. frog
- relgos [ˈrelgos]
- n. 3sol. mouth
- Avera ñuhȳ relgot eman. — I have the grapes in my mouth.
- remio [ˈremio]
- n. 3lun. gate
- Va oktio remȳti vale jikās. — Send a man to the city gates.
- renigon [reˈnigon]
- v. V-fin. to touch with the hand.
- Rhaegal [ˈr̥aegal]
- prop. n. 6for.lun Rhaegal
- rhaenagon [ˈr̥aenagon]
- perfect: rhēdan
- v. C-fin. to meet; to find
- Riña Dovaogēdo muñe rhaenas. — The girl finds the Unsullied's mother.
- to begin.
- Sūbroma tubis rhaenin. — I begin my day with tea.
- rhēdegon [ˈr̥eːdegon]
- v. V-fin. to know a person, to be acquainted with (the eventative form of rhaenagon, to meet.)
- Ābra kepe rhēdes lua vala raqiros issa. — The man whose father the woman knows is a friend.
- rhinka [ˈr̥iŋka]
- adj. I (of a material or texture) rough, coarse; by extension unpleasant
- rholagon [r̥oˈlagon]
- v. C-fin. to mix
- rhovagon [r̥oˈvagon]
- v. C-fin. to bark (perh. onomatopoeic)
- Jaohossa rhovis. Jaohossa rhovisi — The dogs are barking. Dogs bark.[1]
- n. 4sol pigeon
- Tolī rhūqo lōtinti, kostilus. — More pigeon pie, please.
- rigles [ˈrigles]
- n. 4sol. honor (poss. related to rijagon)
- inst. riglose with honor ued advverbially as an equivaelent to it is an honor
- Riglose Belmot Pryjatys rhaenan. — It is an honor to meet the Breaker of Chains.
- rijagon [riˈɟagon]
- perfect: riddan
- v. C-fin. to praise. (cf. rijes.)
- Dārys azanti rijas. — The king praises the soldier.
- rijes [ˈriɟes]
- n. 4sol. praise. (cf. rijagon.)
- rijes aōt praise to you, poss. an expression for congratulations!
- Rijes aōt, Papayus! — Praise to you, Papaya!
- rijībagon [riˈɟiːbagon]
- perfect: rijiptan
- v. C-fin. to worship; to praise; to obey ( < rijagon + -ībagon.)
- Aōhoso ziry rijībiā, se ñuhoso ziry rijībin. — You worship Him your way, and I'll worship Him mine.
- rijīblion [riˈɟiːblion]
- n. 3ter. temple ( < rijībagon + -lion.)
- Jehikarȳ Kinvaro iōrat, Eglio Vokto hen Rijībliot Volantīhot, Drīvo Perzo, Sylvio Ōño, Dohaeriro Ēlio Āeksio Oño syt. — You stand in the presence of Kinvara, High Priestess of the Red Temple of Volantis, the Flame of Truth, the Light of Wisdom, the First Servant of the Lord of Light.
- rijnor [ˈriɟnor]
- n. 6col.3ter. praise ( col. of *rijnon < rijagon + -non.)
- Rijnondi praise (to you) poss. an expression for congratulations
- Rijnondi, Donis! — Praise (to you), Don!
- riña [ˈriɲa]
- n. 1lun. girl, maiden; child
- Gryves se Riña Litse. — The Bear and the Maiden Fair.
- qilōni pilos lue vale tolvie ossēnātās, yn riñe dōre ōdrikātās. — slay every man who holds a whip, but harm no child.
- coll. riñar children.
- Lo zȳhyz zaldrīzesse Āeksiō Ōñō irudy Daenerot issi, sepār Daenerys Āeksiō irudy riñarta zȳhot issa. — Just as her dragons are a gift from the Lord of Light to Daenerys, so then is Daenerys a gift from the Lord to her children.
- riñītsos [riˈɲiːtsos]
- rios [ˈrios] gen. riho
- n. 3sol canyon, valley
- Zaldrīzes rihot ilza! — There is a dragon in the valley!
- ripo [ˈripo]
- n. 3lun. the pit or stone of a fruit.
- rīza [ˈriːza]
- n. 1lun. reptile, lizard
- ñoghoqitta rīza — armless lizard
- rizmon [ˈrizmon]
- n. 3ter. sand
- rōbir [ˈroːbir]
- n. 5aq. fig.
- Sparos rōbir angotas. — Who bit the fig?
- ropagon [roˈpagon]
- perfect: ropatas
- v. V-fin. to fall
- Averilloma mittys ropatas. — The drunken fool fell.
- rōva [ˈroːva] , comp. rōvykta
- adj. I big
- Davido zaldrīzes aōhos zaldrīzose rōvyktys issa. — David’s dragon is bigger than your dragon.
- rōvēgrie [roːˈveːgrie]
- adj. III huge, enormous; great, excellent ( < rōva + -ēgrie.)
- Kony rōvēgrior blēnon issa! — That is an enormous mountain!
- rōvēgrior intj. "excellent"[1]
- rōvēgrī [roːˈveːgriː]
- ruaka [ˈruaka]
- adj. I dull
- ruaragon [ruaˈragon]
- v. C-fin. hide (oneself); hen→dat from...
- Kēli hen aōt ruarza. — The cat is hiding from you.
- rudigon [ruˈdigon]
- v. V-fin. to dig
- rudirys [ruˈdirys]
- rughagon [ruˈɣagon]
- perfect: rūdan
- v. C-fin. to drop; in the reflexive to quit.
- Aōle rūda, nūmāzma issa. — You quit, you mean.
- rūklon [ˈruːklon]
- n. 3ter. flower.
- Rūkluni ynot teptas lua vala bisy issa. — This is the man who gave me some flowers.
- prop. n. 6for R'hllor, the Lord of Light (possibly from Asshai'i.)
- Olvī voktī Rulloro Qelbriā ūndessun daor. — I don’t see many priestesses of R’hllor in the Riverlands.
- rūnagon [ˈruːnagon]
- v. C-fin. to remember
- Jelmor rūnis. — The North remembers
- Jelmor rūnas. — The North remembers
- rūniapos [ˈruːniapos]
- rūs [ruːs]
- n. 3sol. baby, child.
- Ȳghāpī īlōn rāelza, kesrio syt lanta iksan, rūso zȳhosy gōvilirose zijo syt pyghas lue prūmie. — He holds us safe, for now I am two, with his child beneath the heart that beats for him.
- rȳ [ryː]
- post.→gen. between, through, across, throughout.
- Jevo glaesoti rȳ buzdari istiat. — You have been slaves all your life.
- rȳbagon [ˈryːbagon]
- perfect: ryptan
- v. C-fin. to hear.
- Jeva jorepna ryptas se pōnte udlitas. — He has heard your prayers and answered them.
- ryptegon [ˈryptegon]
- v. V-fin. to listen (eventative of rȳbagon.)
- rytsa [ˈrytsa]
- adj. I healthy
- rytsas [ˈrytsas]
- exp. hello. ( < rytsa)
- rytsurnon [ryˈtsurnon]
- n. 3ter. regards, greetings (*rytsurnagon (< rytsas + -uragon) + -non)
- Lannisteri rytsurna pōja jittis. — The Lannisters send their regards.
S
- saelie [ˈsaelie] -ior
- sagon [ˈsagon]
- sahagon [saˈhagon]
- perfect: sētan
- v. irreg. to use; to cause, to force →dat.+inf.
- Dohaerirot ñuhe annī rāenagon sētan. — I made the servant brush my horse.
- sambar [ˈsambar]
- n. 1aq. cloud
- sambrar [ˈsambrar]
- se [se]
- conj. and
- Gryves se Riña Litse. — The Bear and the Maiden Fair.
- sēnagon [ˈseːnagon]
- v. C-fin. to kill.
- Perzys zaldrīzi sēnagon kostos daor. — Fire cannot kill a dragon.
- sentys [ˈsentys]
- sepār [ˈsepaːr]
- conj. and especially where consecutivity is implied, and then, next; therefore ( < se + pār.)
- Mirri ōdria uēpi dōrī drējī zgiēñisi, sepār hen mībājȳr udīr ānogrosa anehussi. — Some old wounds never truly heal, and bleed again at the slightest word.
- conj. just as
- Elēni ñuhe jogeltigon sylutis, sepār jevon jogeltigon sylussi. Yn kostosy daor. — They tried to silence my voice, as they try to silence yours. But they cannot.
- in conditionals then...
- Lo Dārie se pāsābari sytiotāpia lōtirī jorrāeloty, sepār dōre vala arlī īlōn belmurilza. — If we are steadfast in our love for the Queen and her faithful advisors, no man will ever lock us in chains again
- sesīr [ˈsesiːr]
- conj. even; and now; and so. ( < se "and" + sīr "now".)
- Morghot nēdyssy sesīr zūgusy azantys vestras. — The knight says that even the brave men fear death.
- Sesīr Urnēbion Zȳhon Keliton Issa. — And Now His Watch Is Ended.
- Tubī hae kesīr sittāks, sesīr kirine iksan. — You were born on a day like this one, and so I am happy.
- sētegon [ˈseːtegon]
- v. V-fin. to make possibly, more specifically to forge ('eventative of sahagon.)'
- Belma se pōnte sētessis lȳri nāpāstyri ozzālilāt? — Will you burn away the chains and the nonbelievers who make them?
- sēter [ˈseːter]
- sīglie [ˈsiːglie] -ior
- sigligon [ˈsigligon]
- perfect: siglitan
- v. V-fin. to bear again ( < sikagon + -ligon.)
- in the passive to be born again
- Vȳs verdlios perzomy siglitaks! Dāria Zaldrīzoti! — From the fire she was reborn to remake the world! The Dragon Queen!
- sikagon [siˈkagon]
- perfect: sittan
- v. C-fin. to give birth to, to bear (prob. sagon, or its aorist sigon, + -ikagon.)
- Tubī hae kesīr sittāks, sesīr kirine iksan. — You were born on a day like this one, and so I am happy.
- to light a candle
- Zȳhi perzi stepagon Āeksio Ōño jorepi, se morghūltas lī qēlītsos sikagon. — We beg the Lord to share his fire, and light a candle that has gone out.
- sīkuda [ˈsiːkuda] -ys, -on, -on
- sīkudēpsa [ˈsiːkudeːpsa] indec.
- num. seventy
- sīmonagon [siːmoˈnagon]
- perfect: sīmontan
- v. C-fin. to rise
- sindigon [ˈsindigon]
- perfect: sindita
- v. V-fin. to buy
- Hae jeme istin. Sindity se liorty, qilonty se ozbārty, qrillaetty se vaogēdy. — I was once as you are now. Bought and sold, scourged and branded, raped and defiled.
- Dohaeriros istin, sindita liortā, qilonta ozbartā. — I was a slave once, bought and sold, scourged and branded.
- sindilion [ˈsindilion]
- n. 3ter. Market, marketplace ( < sindigon + -lion.)
- Dārys dāriā sindiliot udekurzi. — The king and the queen are approaching the marketplace.
- sīr [siːr]
- adv. now
- Yn dāeri vali sīr issi — But you are free men now.
- lo sīr now that
- Jemēlo kaerīnnon ivīlībilāt, lo sīr Dāria Daenerys jemī ivīlībagon kesīr īlos daor? — Will you fight for your own salvation, now that Queen Daenerys is not here to fight for you?
- sīrgo [siːrgo]
- adv. prior, previously, before (now), beforehand (sīr + go.)
- Sīrgō parklon iprattā? — Have you eaten meat before?
- sīudīblie [ˈsiːudiːblie] -ior
- skore [ˈskore] -ior
- skorī [ˈskoriː]
- int.pron. when?
- Skorī vala rōbir angotas? — When did the man bite the fig?
- conj./rel.pron. when
- Skorī dēmalȳti tymptir tymis, ērinis iā morghūlis. — When you play the game of thrones, you win or you die.
- skorion [ˈskorion]
- int.pron. 3ter. what esp. for places, mass nouns, and abstracts
- "Skorion massitas?" — "What happened?"
- skorio syt why
- skoriot [ˈskoriot]
- skoros [ˈskoros]
- int.pron. 3sol. what esp. for concrete, countable items
- Skoros otāpā? — What do you think?
- Skoroso jemēle brōzāt? — What are your names?
- Skoros gaomā? — What are you doing?
- skoro syt why
- Skoro syt ipradā? — Why are you eating?
- skorkydoso [skorkyˈdoso]
- int.pron. how ( < skore + -kydoso.)
- Skorkydoso udlilat? — How will you respond?
- Skorkydoso glaesā? How are you?[1]
- skorverdon [skorˈverdon]
- int.pron. 3ter. how many (+ genitive, usually plural) ( < skore + verdon.)
- Skorverdon valoti ēdrus? — How many men are sleeping?
- "skorverdon" is followed by a 3rd person singular verb, it being considered the subject of the question modified by a genitive of content.
- skorȳso [ˈskoryːso]
- int.pron. why; conj. because properly used in this sense only in response to a question. (instrumental of skoros.)
- soljanna [soˈʎanna]
- n. 1lun. rudder
- sōlutty [soːˈlutty]
- n. 2lun. scroll
- Sōlutti gūrogon aōhe mandie sytilības. — Your older sister should get a scroll.
- sombāzmion [somˈbaːzmion]
- somby [ˈsomby]
- n. 2lun. shield
- sōna [ˈsoːna]
- n. 1lun. snow. gen.col. Sōnaro Snow surname used by acknowledged bastards in The North of Westeros.
- sōnar [ˈsoːnar]
- sōpagon [ˈsoːpagon]
- v. C-fin. to laugh
- sōvegon [ˈsoːvegon]
- v. V-fin. to fly
- sōvemagon [ˈsoːvemagon]
- v. C-fin. (irreg.) to make fly ( < sōvegon + -emagon.)
- Vestriarja īlōn sōvemagon kostis. — Stories can make us fly.
- sōvion [ˈsoːvion]
- spare [ˈspare] -ior
- sparion [ˈsparion]
- sparos [ˈsparos]
- int.pron. who esp. for concrete, countable entities.
- Sparos rōbir angotas. — Who bit the fig?
- sparo syt For whom? On account of whom? For whose sake?
- stepagon [ˈstepagon]
- perfect: steptan
- v. Insv. C-fin. to share.
- Zȳhi perzi stepagon Āeksio Ōño jorepi, se morghūltas lī qēlītsos sikagon. — We beg the Lord to share his fire, and light a candle that has gone out.
- sūmar [ˈsuːmar] sūbr-
- n. 1aq. tea
- Sūbroma tubis rhaenin. — I begin my day with tea.
- suvion [ˈsuvio͡n]
- n. 3ter ice
- Ziry kivio dārilaros issa, se zȳhon suvio perzō vāedar issa. — He is the prince that was promised, and his is the song of ice and fire.
- sylugon [syˈlugon]
- perfect: sylutan
- v. V-fin. to try (cf. sylvia.)
- Elēni ñuhe jogeltigon sylutis, sepār jevon jogeltigon sylussi. Yn kostosy daor. — They tried to silence my voice, as they try to silence yours. But they cannot.
- sylutegon [syluˈtegon]
- v. V-fin. trans. to taste something (eventative of sylugon).
- Averille sylutetā? — Have you tasted the wine?
- sylvia [ˈsylvia]
- n. 1lun. wisdom (cf. sylugon, the sense being experience.)
- Jehikarȳ Kinvaro iōrat, Eglio Vokto hen Rijībliot Volantīhot, Drīvo Perzo, Sylvio Ōño, Dohaeriro Ēlio Āeksio Oño syt. — You stand in the presence of Kinvara, High Priestess of the Red Temple of Volantis, the Flame of Truth, the Light of Wisdom, the First Servant of the Lord of Light.
- sylvie [ˈsylvie]
- adj. III wise
- sȳndrilla [syːnˈdrilla]
- sȳndor [ˈsyːndor]
- n. 3aq. shadow
- Peldiō sȳndor. — The viper's shadow.
- Sȳndror ilis luo tegunno Mordrot. — In the land of Mordor, where the shadows lie
- sȳndror darkness
- … se sȳndrori jorrāelis lȳr… — … and those who love the darkness…
- Hen sȳndrorro, ōños. — From darkness, light.
- sȳrī [ˈsyːriː]
- adv. well
- Sȳrī avy ūjus dohaeragon. — May it serve you well.
- Syrio [ˈsyrio]
- syt [syt]
- postp.→gen. for. Skoro syt why? (prob. historically the locative or dative of an unknown or lost noun, perhaps something like *sion, or maybe something related to sȳz, with the idea of for the good of....)
- rūso zȳhosy gōvilirose zijo syt pyghas lue prūmie. — with his child beneath the heart that beats for him.
- sytiderēbagon [sytideˈreːbagon]
- perfect: sytiderēptan
- v. Obl. appl. C-fin. to chose for, select for. +acc: the person for whom the thing is selected (this applies even in the passive), +dat: the thing selected. ( < syt- + i- + derēbagon.)
- Vala rōbrȳti Aeri sytiderēbza. — The man selects figs for Aerys."
- Aeri sytiderēbaks. — Aerys is selected for.
- sytilībagon [sytiˈliːbagon]
- sytiotāpio [sytioˈtaːpio]
- n. 3lun advisor ( < syt- + iotāpagon + -io.)
- Lo Dārie se pāsābari sytiotāpia lōtirī jorrāeloty, sepār dōre vala arlī īlōn belmurilza. — If we are steadfast in our love for the Queen and her faithful advisors, no man will ever lock us in chains again
- sytivīlībagon [sytiviːˈliːbagon]
- v. Obl. appl. C-fin. to fight for →acc. ( < syt- + i- + vīlībagon "to fight".)
- Yne sytivīlībilāt? Hae dāero valoti? — Will you fight for me? As free men?
- sȳz [syːz] sȳrior
- adj. II good, well-made
- Kydȳptakson sȳz kesos. — It would be good to have been measured.
- Yn kesys tubis hen mirro tubiot sȳrpys issa. — But today is as good a day as any.
- Jaehossas sȳris sātās — Gods be good!
T
- Taena [ˈtaena]
- prop. n. 1lun. Taena
- Taena hen Mȳrot issa. — Taena is from Myr.
- tāemītsos [ˈtaːemiːtsos]
- n. 3sol. stick (diminutive of unattested root tāem- + -ītsos, presumably meaning something like branch.)
- tala [ˈtala]
- n. 1lun. daughter
- taoba [ˈtaoba]
- n. 1lun. boy
- Targārien [tarˈgaːrien]
- prop. n. 4ter. Targaryen a family name.
- Nyke Daenerys Jelmāzmo hen Targārio Lentrot. — I am Daenerys Stormborn of the House Targaryen.
- tatagon [taˈtagon]
- perfect: tetan
- v. C-fin. to finish.
- tēgie [ˈteːgie] -ior
- adj. III curved
- tēgigon [ˈteːgigon]
- v. V-fin. intrans. to curve, be curved.
- tēgir [ˈteːgir]
- n. 5aq. curve
- tegon [ˈtegon]
- n. 3ter. ground. pauc. tegun land. coll. tegor lands collectively.
- Tegun is actually "land" (paucal, terrestrial). Tegor would work if you need to say "lands" collective (e.g. "These are my various lands").
—DJP, email, 2-9-2014.</ref>
- tegōñe [teˈgoːɲe] -or
- tegun [ˈtegun]
- n. 6col.3ter. land. coll. tegor lands collectively. (relex. pauc. of tegon)
- Sȳndror ilis luo tegunno Mordrot. — In the land of Mordor, where the shadows lie
- tēmagon [ˈteːmagon]
- v. to prick, to poke
- Rōvon dēmalion rōvi jenti tēmas. — A great throne pokes a great leader.
- temby [ˈtemby]
- n. 2lun. leaf.
- tembyr [ˈtembyr]
- tepagon [ˈtepagon]
- perfect: teptan
- v. C-fin. to give, used with a 1st or 2nd person subject or recipient (otherwise see irughagon.)
- Kesȳ tubī jemot dāervi tepan. — Today I give you freedom.
- tepilla [teˈpilla]
- teptys [ˈteptys]
- n. 2sol. teacher, instructor, mentor ( < tepagon + -tys.)
- Issa, ñuhys teptys, zaldrīzesse Daeneromy ēdrusi. — Yes, my teacher, the dragons are sleeping with Daenerys.
- Thoros [ˈθoros]
- prop. n. 3sol(?) Thoros, a name.
- tīkor [ˈtiːkor]
- tīkos [ˈtiːkos]
- n. 3sol. feather
- timpa [ˈtimpa] -ys, -on, -or
- adj. I white; light; light-colored; grey (light); pink
- Bonys timpys hontes gevie issa! — That white bird is beautiful!
- tindon [ˈtindon]
- n. 3ter. root
- tista [ˈtista] -ys, -on, -or
- adj. I dry (poss. a perf. part.)
- tistālior [tiˈstaːlior]
- Āegenkor Tistālior jāhor gūrotriri emilza. — The Iron Bank will have its due.
- tolī [ˈtoliː]
- adv. above; after; beyond
- Timpys hontes tolī ūndan. — I saw a white bird overhead.
- excessively, too, too much
- Mittys iksā. Āeksia tolī kostōbi issi. — You’re a fool. The masters are too strong.
- Ñuhor qȳbor kisalbār tolī iprattas. — My uncle ate too much at the banquet.
- more
- Tolī rhūqo lōtinti, kostilus. — More pigeon pie, please.
- tolie [ˈtolie] -ior
- adj. III other (perh. lit. higher, cf. tolī, toliot.)
- Muñar aōt teptas lue brōzi, iā mirre tolie iderēbās. — Choose the name your parents gave you, or any other.
- toliot [ˈtoliot]
- post.→gen. above, over; after
- tolmīhy [tolˈmiːhy]
- n. 2sol. stranger, lit. the one who comes from afar ( Type I substantivised form of adjective *tolmīha < tolmio + -sīha)
- tolmio [ˈtolmio]
- n. 3lun. far side, far wall
- tolmiot [ˈtolmiot]
- adv. far
- post.→gen. across (loc. of tolmio, "far side." This is why it can be combined with hen.)
- Olvie hen embraro tolmiot nykēlot avy ivestragon issa. — So much news I have to give you from over the seas.
- tolvie [ˈtolvie] -ior
- adj. III every
- Qilōni pilos lue vale tolvie ossēnātās. — Slay every man who holds a whip.
- tolviot [ˈtolviot]
- indef.pron. everywhere ( < tolvie.)
- Dovaogēdi tolviot ilzi! — There are Unsullied everywhere!
- tolvys [ˈtolvys]
- indef.pron. 2sol. everyone ( < tolvie.)
- Tolvys morghūlis. — Everyone must die.
- tolvȳn [ˈtolvyːn]
- indef.pron. 6pauc.2sol everything
- Zokla tolvȳni iprattas! — A wolf ate everything!
- tolys [ˈtolys]
- indef.pron. 2sol. someone else ( < tolie.)
- Kostilus, sēter tolot tepās. — Please give the spell to someone else.
- Kirimvose daor. Toli jorrāelan. — No thank. I love someone else.
- tōma [ˈtoːma] -ys, -on, -on
- tōmo [ˈtoːmo]
- tōmelie [ˈtoːmelie] -ior
- tōmēpsa [toːˈmeːpsa] indec.
- num. fifty
- tōmīblie [toːˈmiːblie] -ior
- tōmītsos [toːˈmiːtsos]
- trēsy [ˈtreːsy]
- n. 2lun. son.
- Tȳni Trēsi — Second Sons
- trūma [ˈtruːma]
- adj. I deep
- trūmirī [ˈtruːmiriː]
- tubis [ˈtubis]
- n. 5sol. day; kesȳ tubī, tubī adv. today
- Kesȳ tubī jemot dāervi tepan. — Today I give you freedom.
- Tubī daor. — Not today.
- turgon [turˈgon]
- n. 3ter. worm.
- tymagon [tyˈmagon]
- perfect: tymptan
- v. C-fin. to play, to frolic
- Riña tymptir raqiroso tymptas. — The girl played the game with a friend.
- tymptir [ˈtymptir]
- tȳne [ˈtyːne] -ior
- Tyros [ˈtyros]
- prop. n. 3sol. Tyrosh
- Tyros! Ñuhos arlies lentos! — Tyrosh! My new home!
- tyvagon [tyˈvagon]
- perfect: tȳdan
- v. C-fin. to crawl, to creep
- tyvaros [tyˈvaros]
U
- ubles [ˈubles]
- n. 4sol. eel
- udekuragon [udekuˈragon]
- v. C-fin. to near, to approach. ( < u- + dekuragon.)
- Dārys dāriā sindiliot udekurzi. — The king and the queen are approaching the marketplace.
- udir [ˈudir]
- n. 5aq. word
- Tīkuni Zōbrī, Udra Zōbriar — Dark Wings, Dark Words
- May also be used, just like English word, in the sense of news:
- Se vasīr dorior udir Drogo bē? — And still no word of Drogon?
- pauc. com. udrimmi used as an adjective meaning witty, clever.
- Bony udrimmi taoba issa! — That one is a clever boy!
- udligon [uˈdligon]
- perfect: udlitan
- v. V-fin. to respond, to answer (Poss. *ud-]] seen udir + -ligon.)
- May be used intransitively:
- Āeksiot zȳhon vaoreznon jepin, se ziksoso udlissis. — I ask the Lord for His favor, and He responds as He will.
- or transitively:
- Jeva jorepna ryptas se pōnte udlitas. — He has heard your prayers and answered them.
- udrāzma [uˈdraːzma]
- udrir [ˈudrir]
- n. 6col.5aq. language (relex. coll. of udir.)
- Dōrior dārion udrirzi mijessis. — There’s no country without a language.
- Udrirzi Valyrio ȳdrā? — Do you speak Valyrian?[1]
- uēmagon [ˈueːmagon]
- v. C-fin. to vomit (could possibly be a Loc. appl. from u-, but if so the base verb is not yet attested. The long ē makes emagon highly unlikely.)
- uēpa [ˈueːpa]
- adj. I old
- Nyke Daenerys Jelmāzmo hen Targārio Lentrot, hen Valyrio Uēpo ānogār iksan. — I am Daenerys Stormborn of the House Targaryen, of the blood of Old Valyria.
- uēs [ˈueːs] uēh-
- n. 3sol. squid
- ' — Sȳz uēs issa.
- ūja [ˈuːɟa]
- pers.pron. it, (he, she) (terrestrial, aquatic).
- ūlio [ˈuːlio]
- n. 3lun. falcon
- Spare ūlio gevie issa? — Which falcon is beautiful?.
- umāzigon [uˈmaːzigon]
- perfect: umāstan
- v. Loc. appl. V-fin. to come to, to arrive at
- Ñuho kisalbrot umāzīt? — Are you coming to my banquet?
- umbagon [ˈumbagon]
- perfect: umptan
- v. C-fin. to stay, to wait, to remain
- ūñagon [uːˈɲagon]
- perfect: ūntan
- v. C-fin. to count
- ūndegon [ˈuːndegon]
- perfect: ūndetan
- v. V-fin. to see, to catch sight of, to sight; when used intransitively to look, metaphorically to be x years old (eventative of urnegon.)
- Olvī voktī Rulloro Qelbriā ūndessun daor. — I don’t see many priestesses of R’hllor in the Riverlands.
- Ābre kustittas lue vale ūndetan. — I saw the man who encouraged the woman.
- Tyrio kepa tōme tōmēpsā jēdari ūndas. — Tyrion's father is fifty-five years old.
- unektogon [uˈnektogon]
- urnēbagon [urˈneːbagon]
- v. C-fin. to watch. ( < urnegon + -ēbagon.)
- Mastas. Valar urnēbis. — It has come. All men must watch.
- urnēbion [urˈneːbion]
- n. 3ter. watch.
- Sesīr Urnēbion Zȳhon Keliton Issa. — And Now His Watch Is Ended.
- urnegon [ˈurnegon]
- perfect: ūndan
- v. V-fin. to see.
- usōvegon [uˈsoːvegon]
V
- va [va]
- prep.→loc. towards, at, near; →dat. to, all the way up to.
- Va oktio remȳti vale jikās. — Send a man to the city gates.
- vāedagon [ˈvaːedagon]
- perfect: vāettan
- v. C-fin. to sing
- vāedar [ˈvaːedar]
- n. 1aq. song
- Ziry kivio dārilaros issa, se zȳhon suvio perzō vāedar issa. — He is the prince that was promised, and his is the song of ice and fire.
- vala [ˈvala]
- n. 1lun. man. Valar morghūlis All men must die, a common greeting. Valar dohaeris All men must serve, the response to valar morghūlis
- Henujagon jaelza lua vala mirre henujagon kostas. — Any man who wishes to leave may leave.
- valenka [vaˈleŋka]
- valonqar [vaˈloɴqar]
- n. 1aq. younger brother; younger male cousin by father's brother or mother's sister.
- Valyre [vaˈlyre]
- adj. II. Valyrian.
- Iōnos Valyre korzī ēza. — Jon has a Valyrian sword.
- Valyria [vaˈlyria]
- prop. n. 1lun. Valyria; the Valyrian language.
- Zȳha Valyria qupēgrie issa. — His Valyrian is terrible
- Valyrio, Valyrio udrir the Valyrian language.
- Valyrio muño ēngos ñuhys issa. — Valyrian is my mother tongue.
- Valyrīha [valyˈriːha]
- Valyrīhy [valyˈriːhy]
- n. 2lun. Valyrian, i.e. a Valyrian person, or a person from the Valyrian peninsula. (Substantivized form of Valyrīha.)
- Valyry [vaˈlyry]
- n. 2lun. Valyria, a Valyrian person.
- valzȳrys [valˈzyːrys]
- n. 2sol. husband ( < vala + -zȳrys.)
- Nykēlo syt ūndon daor luo valzȳro ñōghossi ōressiks. — I find myself held by the arms of a husband I never expected to have.
- vamiot [ˈvamiot]
- adv. near (possibly the locative of an unknown noun, containing va-)
- Vamiot raqiros eman. — I have a friend nearby.
- vandis [ˈvandis]
- n. 5sol. bull, male head of cattle
- vaogemagon [vaogeˈmagon]
- perfect: vaogēdan
- v. C-fin. (irreg.) to sully, to defile ( < *vaog-]] seen in vaogenka + -emagon.)
- Hae jeme istin. Sindity se liorty, qilonty se ozbārty, qrillaetty se vaogēdy. — I was once as you are now. Bought and sold, scourged and branded, raped and defiled.
- vaogenka [vaoˈɡeŋka] -ys, -on, -or
- vaokses [ˈvaokses]
- vaoresagon [ˈvaoresaɡon]
- Valo luo vaoresan. — I prefer one which is a man‘s.
- vaoreznon [vaoˈreznon]
- n. 3ter. favor ( < vaoresagon + -non.)
- Āeksiot zȳhon vaoreznon jepin, se ziksoso udlissis. — I ask the Lord for His favor, and He responds as He will.
- Vargo [varɡo]
- prop. n. 3aq. Vargo
- Vargo hen Qorhot issa. — Vargo is from Qohor.
- vasīr [ˈvasiːr]
- adv. still, as yet, so far ( < va + sīr.)
- Se vasīr Drogon ūndetoks daor? — And as yet Drogon hasn’t been sighted?
- vasrie [ˈvasrie], vajie]] ['vaɟie] -ior
- adj. III thin
- vēdros ['veːdros]
- n. 3sol. anger
- Vēdroso, vīlīpti. — In anger, we fought.
- vējes [ˈveːɟes]
- n. 4sol. fate, doom, including The Doom of Valyria'(perh. akin to vēzos.)
- Lodaor hēnkos vējose hae Astaprot Yunkai botilza. — Otherwise, Yunkai will suffer the same fate as Astapor.
- in the inst. vējose! intj. "By fate!"
- vējōñe [veːˈɟoːɲe] -or
- velkrys [ˈvelkrys]
- n. 2sol. stag, male deer.
- velma [ˈvelma]
- n. 1lun. father's older sister, paternal aunt older than father.
- Dārys īlve velme majaqsa. — The king admires our aunt.
- velmanna [velˈmanna]
- n. 1lun. father's older sister's child, cousin by paternal aunt older than father.
- Riña ñuhī velmannī izūgas. — The girl fears my cousins.
- verdagon [ˈverdagon]
- perfect: vēttan
- v. C-fin. to arrange; to make (a decision) (cf. verdon.)
- Lo jention mirre nūmāzme ēza, iderenna qopsa verdagon issa. — If leadership is about anything, it’s about making hard choices.
- verdligon [ˈverdligon]
- perfect: verdlitan
- v. V-fin. to remake, recreate ( < verdagon + -ligon.)
- Vȳs verdlios perzomy siglitaks! Dāria Zaldrīzoti! — From the fire she was reborn to remake the world! The Dragon Queen!
- verdon [ˈverdon]
- n. 3ter. sum, figure, amount, number (cf. verdagon.)
- Keson verdon harrenkon iksos daor. — This amount is not appropriate.
- Vesteros [ˈvesteros]
- prop. n. 3sol. Westeros
- Dāria Sikudo Dārȳti Vestero — the Queen of the Seven Kingdoms of Westeros
- vestragon [ˈvestragon]
- perfect: vestretan
- v. C-fin. to say
- Skoros morghot vestri? — What do we say to death?
- with impersonal subject it seems →dat. to
- vestriarzir [vesˈtriarzir]
- n. 5aq story (substantivized aorist passive participle of vestragon, lit. that which is (ever/habituatlly/generally) told.)
- Vestriarja īlōn sōvemagon kostis. — Stories can make us fly.
- vestretir [ˈvestretir]
- n. 5aq. proclamation, statement (substantivized perfect participle of vestragon, lit. that which has been said.)
- vēttir [ˈveːttir]
- n. 5aq. a law (referring to a specific one), regulation (substantivized perfect participle of verdagon, lit. what has been arranged.)
- col. vēttrir the law in general.
- Vēttrir vēttrir issa. — The law is the law.
- vēzor [ˈveːzor] vēj-
- vēzos [ˈveːzos]
- vēzenka [veːˈzeŋka]
- vīlībagon [viːˈliːbagon]
- perfect: vīlīptan
- v. C-fin. to fight
- Tolvi zijo syt vilībari morghūljosy li henkiri sigliliks. — All those who die fighting for her shall be reborn in kind.
- vīlībāzma [viːliːˈbaːzma]
- n. 1lun. war, battle ( < vīlībagon + -āzma.); instr. vīlībāzmosa by combat (concerning a trial)
- Vīlībāzma ajomemēbza, yn aderī, mōrī, aōt māzīli se hēnkirī īlvi biarvī manaerili. — The war rages on, but soon, when it is all over, we shall come to you and celebrate together.
- Viserion [viˈserion]
- prop. n. 3ter. Viserion
- Viserys [viˈserys]
- prop. n. 2sol. Viserys
- Viserys Daenero lēkia issa. — Viserys is Daenerys's brother.
- vokemagon [vokeˈmagon]
- v. C-fin. (irreg.) to purify (From a root *vok- pure, also seen in voktys, + -emagon.)
- Pyryrzy napasirossa vokemilzi, va daorunta ñelli qringaomnā pōjo zālari. — They will purify nonbelievers by the thousands, burning their sins and flesh away.
- voktys [ˈvoktys]
- n. 2sol. priest, priestess. (From a root *vok- pure, also seen in vokemagon, + -tys.)
- Voktys Eglie aōt gaomilaksir teptas. — The High Priest gave you a mission.
- Volantīha [volanˈtiːha]
- adj. I. Volantene. ( < Volantis + -sīha.)
- Jehikarȳ Kinvaro iōrat, Eglio Vokto hen Rijībliot Volantīhot, Drīvo Perzo, Sylvio Ōño, Dohaeriro Ēlio Āeksio Oño syt. — You stand in the presence of Kinvara, High Priestess of the Red Temple of Volantis, the Flame of Truth, the Light of Wisdom, the First Servant of the Lord of Light.
- Volantis [voˈlantis]
- prop. n. 5sol. Volantis
- Sȳrior averilla Volantī ilza. — There is good wine in Volantis.
- vōljes [ˈvoːʎes]
- n. 4sol. raven
- Vōljesse ēdrusi. — The ravens are sleeping.
- vollie [ˈvollie] -ior
- vōre [ˈvoːre] -ior
- vōrēpsa [voːˈreːpsa] indec.
- num. ninety.
- vōrīblie [voːˈriːblie] -ior
- vūjigon [ˈvuːɟigon]
- perfect: vūjitan
- v. V-fin. to kiss
- Perzo Vūjita — Kissed by Fire
- Vala abre vūjitas. Vale abra vūjitas. — The man kissed the woman. The woman kissed the man.[1]
- vumbiarzy [vumˈbiarzy]
- n. 2lun. room (possibly the substantivized passive aorist participle of u- + umbagon, lit. "that which one usually stays in")
- Drīvose ñuhā vumbiarzȳ ēdrun. — Actually, I am sleeping in my room.
- vȳs [vyːs]
- n. 3sol? world
- Vȳs verdlios perzomy siglitaks! Dāria Zaldrīzoti! — From the fire she was reborn to remake the world! The Dragon Queen!
Y
- ybon [ˈybon]
- n. 3ter. knee
- ȳdragon [ˈyːdragon]
- perfect: ȳdratan
- v. Obl. appl. V-fin. to speak, to speak to →acc. ( < i- + udir.)
- Brandon vōlī ȳdragon kostas. — Bran can speak to ravens.
- of languages, →inst.
- Quptenkos Ēngoso ȳdrassis? — Do you speak the Common tongue?
- Udrirzi Valyrio ȳdrā? — Do you speak Valyrian?[1]
- ȳgha [ˈyːɣa]
- adj. I safe
- Ȳghāpī īlōn rāelza — He holds us safe
- perzo bē ȳgha fireproof (lit. safe on fire)
- ykynagon [ykyˈnagon]
- v. V-fin. to smell
- Sȳrior havon ykynan. — I smell good bread.
- yn [yn]
- conj. but.
- qilōni pilos lue vale tolvie ossēnātās, yn riñe dōre ōdrikātās. — slay every man who holds a whip, but harm no child.
- adj. I narrow
- yrgos [ˈyrgos]
- n. 3sol. neck
- Sparo gevie yrgos kony issa? — Whose beautiful neck is that?
- ȳs [yːs] yv-
- n. 3sol. art
Z
- zāeres [ˈzaːeres]
- n. 4sol. crystal
- zālagon [ˈzaːlaɡon]
- perfect: zaltan?
- v. C-fin. to burn. va daorunta zālagon to burn away, to burn to nothing
- Pyryrzy napasirossa vokemilzi, va daorunta ñelli qringaomnā pōjo zālari. — They will purify nonbelievers by the thousands, burning their sins and flesh away.
- zaldrīzerme [zaldriːˈzerme]
- adj. invar.' indestructible, invincible (idiomatic use of the commitative of zaldrīzer, lit. "with all the dragons")
- Taoba zaldrīzerme jenti majaqsa. — The boy admires the indestructible leader.
- Zaldrīzdōron [zaldriːzˈdoːron]
- prop. n. 3ter. Dragonstone. ( < shortening from Zaldrīzo dōron)
- zaldrīzes [zalˈdriːzes]
- n. 4sol. dragon. ( < zālagon + rīza.)
- Zaldrīzes buzdari iksos daor. — A dragon is not a slave.
- zaldrīzo ānogar — Blood of the dragon
- zān [zaːn]
- adv. yesterday
- Zān hen Lyvot ābre ūndan. — Yesterday I saw a woman from Lys.
- zenturlion [zenturlion]
- n. 3ter. inn, hotel (possibly from zentys + -uragon + -lion, cf. laehurlion)
- Dāria arlȳro zenturliot ēdrus. — The queen is sleeping at a new hotel.
- zentys [ˈzentys]
- n. 2sol. guest
- Bisi vali īlvyz zentyssy issi. — These men are our guests.
- ziksoso [ziˈksoso]
- adv. in his way, as he wishes (unknown; cf. ñyhoso & aōhoso for which corresponding form should be *zȳhoso.)
- Āeksiot zȳhon vaoreznon jepin, se ziksoso udlissis. — I ask the Lord for His favor, and He responds as He will.
- zīragon [ˈziːragon]
- perfect: zīrtan
- v. C-fin. to freeze;
- zīrtys perzys frozen fire, dragonglass, obsidian
- ziry [ˈziry]
- pers.pron. he, she, (it) (solar & lunar).
- zirȳla [ziˈryːla]
- zōbrie [ˈzoːbrie], -ior
- adj. III dark; black; dark-colored; grey (dark); purple
- Tīkuni Zōbrī, Udra Zōbriar — Dark Wings, Dark Words
- zokla [ˈzokla]
- n. 1lun. wolf
- Zokla kēlio kostōbirī angotas. — The wolf bit mightily into the lion.
- zoklākogon [zoˈklaːkogon]
- v. V-fin. to entice, entreat somebody→loc. (apparently < zokla with some sort of suffix, perhaps a variant of -ikagon.)
- Iōnot zoklākō? — Are you enticing Jon?
- zoklītsos [zoˈkliːtsos]
- zūgagon [ˈzuːgagon]
- perfect: zūgdan
- v. C-fin. to be afraid, to fear →dat.
- Morghot nēdyssy sesīr zūgusy azantys vestras. — The knight says that even the brave men fear death.
- zūger [ˈzuːger]
- n. perh. 4sol. or 6col. fear
- Sȳndroso lykāpa, myrdomy aderpa, iēdrosa gīdāpa. Zūger korzose trūmȳtrī nektossis. — Quiet as a shadow, swift as a deer, calm as still water. Fear cuts deeper than swords.
- zȳha [ˈzyːha] -ys, -on, -or
- zȳhon [ˈzyːhon]
- poss.pron. 3ter. his, hers, (its).
- Zȳhon suvio perzō vāedar issa. — His is the song of ice and fire.
Abbreviations
- adj. adjective
- adv. adverb
- aq. or ≈ aquatic
- conj. conjunction
- dem. demonstrative
- exp. expression
- intj. interjection
- lun. or ☾ lunar
- n. noun
- num. numeral
- postp. postposition
- pron. pronoun
- prep. preposition
- sol. or ☉ solar
- ter. or ♁ terrestrial
- v. verb
- C-fin. consonant-final
- V-fin. vowel-final
- →acc. triggers accusative
- →gen. triggers genitive
- →dat. triggers dative
- →inst. triggers instrumental
- →loc. triggers locative
- ° unexpected gender
Further Information
For information on conjugation, declension, etc. see the pages below.
High Valyrian Verb Conjugation
High Valyrian Noun Declensions
For words listed according to subject matter, see
Notes
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 Peterson, David (2015). The Art of Language Invention : from Horse-Lords to Dark Elves, the words behind world-building. New York, New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-312646-1.
- ↑ Generally, when it comes to "being" in a certain place, ilagon must be used. In some contexts sagon may also be used, but the rule is not yet clear. We know that "Who is at the Inn at the Crossroads?" must be Sparos Īliliot Zenturliot ilza? ( ˣissa is not permitted here), but "Where are my dragons?" may be either Skoriot Skoriot ñuhyz zaldrīzesse issi? or Skoriot Skoriot ñuhyz zaldrīzesse ilzi?
- ↑ "I suppose it really depends on how the speaker is feeling. You could certainly drop it straight into the lunar declension I paradigm (same as vala). You could also just strip the final -a in everything but the nominative singular and put it into the paradigm for borrowings. It’s a foreign word, so you never know." —DJP
- ↑ http://dedalvs.tumblr.com/post/137111885757/ahhhhhhh-i-havent-been-on-tumblr-in-a-few-days | New Yorkī was changed to Nuiōrkī to stay true to the High valyrian spelling and alphabet.
- ↑ It is possible that this should actually be Rullōr]] [rul'loːr]: "I just kept an irregular stress pattern, since it’s a borrowing. That said, it’s not as if the rules are hard and fast for how a borrowed word should be rendered. It very well could come out as Rullōr. That wouldn’t explain its nominative stress pattern (word-final), but it would explain the rest of the paradigm." —DJP