User:Aegon/Word Derivation
Sandbox.
A work in progress. All information is from an analysis of existing lexicon.
Noun Derivation
The derivation of a new noun in High Valyrian occurs through attaching a suffix to a root. Note that sound and spelling changes may occur.
From a Noun
Augmentative Noun
An augmentative noun enhances and intensifies the concept conveyed through the word. There exist three suffixes that may derive augmentative nouns from nouns: -io, -albar, and -āzma.
Observations:
- Judging from the word family nopon (hole, pit), nopalbar (cave), and nopāzma (hell), -āzma may exceed -albar in augmentation.
- A third aquatic noun ending in -or has the o deleted and the r retained; this is called a vowel elison or syncope.
Examples of the Augmentative Suffix | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Word | Meaning | Derived Noun | Derived Noun Meaning | ||
-io | kēli | cat | kēlio | lion | |
-āzma | bantis | night | bantāzma | long night, midnight or the darkest part of the night | |
-āzma | brāedion | copper | brāedāzma | bronze | |
-āzma | jelmio | wind | jelmāzma | storm, violent wind | |
-āzma | nopon | pit, hole | nopāzma | hell | |
-āzma | nūmo | seed | nūmāzma | meaning, essence, the truth of it | |
-albar | egros | edge, blade, sword | egralbar | spear | |
-albar | geltion | roof | geltialbar | meeting place, gathering place, exhibition hall | |
-albar | geron | path, walk, walkway | geralbar | road, street, way, thoroughfare (ready and ample) | |
-albar | nopon | hole, pit | nopalbar | cave | |
3aq[1] | jūlor | milk | jūlrāzma | cheese |
From an Adjective
Abstract Nouns
Derive abstract nouns that have the English meaning of -ness from adjectives. Class I adjectives use the suffix -āves, Class II, -ves, and Class III, -ives.
Observations:
- For roots of Class II adjectives ending in -n, replace -n with -m.
Examples of Adjective Abstraction | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Word | Meaning | Derived Noun | Derived Noun Meaning | ||
Class I | dobotēda | ignorant, untutored, clumsy | dobotēdāves | ignorance | |
Class I | gīda | equal, even, steady, stable | gīdaves | equality | |
Class I | nākostōba | weak | nākostōbāves | weakness | |
Class I | qrinuntenka | hostile, villainous, antagonistic | qrinuntenkāves | antagonism | |
Class II | biare | fortunate, lucky, happy | biarves | happiness, jubilation, luck, fortune | |
Class II | dāerior | free | dāerves | freedom, liberty | |
Class III | eglie | high, superior, good | eglives | Highness, height; grace, a title of respect for a ruler | |
Class III | gevie | beautiful | gevives | beauty | |
-n root | bāne | something that feels hot | bāmves | heat emanating or radiating off of or from something | |
-n root | kirine | happy | kirimves | joy |
From a Verb
Action Nouns
The suffix -non derives action nouns from verbs. In general, c-fin verbs have -agon replaced with -non and v-fin verbs retain the final vowel to which -non is added.
Observations:
- For verbs ending in -jagon, the stem ends before the j.
- For verbs ending in -ēbagon, the stem ends with -en.
- For stems ending in -ñ, -b, -d, or -l, replace this consonant with -n.
- For stems ending in -s, replace this consonant with -z.
Examples of the Action Suffix | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Word | Meaning | Derived Noun | Derived Noun Meaning | ||
C-fin | ērinagon | to win | ērinnon | victory | |
C-fin | vaoresagon | to prefer, to favor, to like | vaoreznon | favor | |
V-fin | āgugon | to gulp | āgunon | gulp | |
V-fin | āmāzigon | to return | āmāzinon | return | |
V-fin | iotāptegon | to respect | iotāptenon | respect | |
V-fin | dakogon | to run | dakonon | running | |
root ending -ñ | arliñagon | to change, to become new, to metamorphize | arlinnon | change, metamorphosis | |
root ending -d | mundagon | to be miserable, sad | munnon | sorrow | |
root ending -l | qrīdrolagon | to mixx up, confuse | qrīdronnon | confusion | |
-jagon | gierūljagon | to gather, assemble | gierūlnon | assembly, gathering, crowd | |
-ēbagon | iderēbagon | to choose, to decide | iderennon | choice, decision | |
Adjective | ūbrie | Ripe, mature, ready | ūbnon | wait, anticipation, waiting period, hiatus |
Agent Nouns
To derive agent nouns associated with the one performing a verb, generally use the suffixes -kio for v-fin and -io for c-fin. V-fin verbs will retain the final vowel in the root.
Observations:
- For v-fin verbs with the ending -ligon, the root ends in -l.
Examples of the Agent Suffix | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Word | Meaning | Derived Noun | Derived Noun Meaning | ||
V-fin | kȳvagon | to plan | kȳvakio | strategist | |
V-fin | laodigon | to steal | laodikio | their, robber, plunderer | |
V-fin | qrimpālegon | to betray, double-cross | qrimpālekio | traitor, turncoat, double-crosser | |
V-fin | sētegon | to smith, to forge | sētekio | smith, forger | |
C-fin | kaerīnagon | to save, to deliver | kaerīnio | savior | |
C-fin | kostagon | to be able to, can, may | kostio | hero, champion | |
C-fin | lioragon | to sell | liorio | seller, monger, purveyor | |
C-fin | mīsagon | to protect, defend | mīsio | protector | |
C-fin | sytiotāpagon | to advise, counsel | sytiotāpio | advisor | |
-ligon | judligon | to respond to, answer | judlio | archon |
Implement Nouns
The suffix -vos derives implement nouns from verbs. Only c-fin verbs attested to; to them, replace -agon with -vos.
Examples of the Implement Suffix | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Word | Meaning | Derived Noun | Derived Noun Meaning | ||
C-fin | hepagon | to climb, to ascend | hepvos | ladder, stairs, staircase | |
C-fin | mīsagon | to protect, to defend | mīsvos | armor | |
C-fin | ohīlagon | to stab | ohīlvos | dagger, knife | |
C-fin | qrimbrōzagon | to curse | qrimbrōzvos | curse | |
C-fin | zgiēñemagon | to cure, to treat, to heal of things | zgiēñemvos | cure, medicine, treatment |
Event Nouns
The suffix -nes derives event nouns from verbs. In general, c-fin verbs have -agon replaced with -nes and v-fin verbs retain the final vowel to which -nes is added.
Observations:
- For verbs ending in -ēbagon, the stem ends with -en.
Examples of the Event Suffix | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Word | Meaning | Derived Noun | Derived Noun Meaning | ||
V-fin | dakogon | to run | dakones | race | |
C-fin | iderēbagon | to choose, to decide | iderennes | trial | |
C-fin | rhovagon | to make a loud noise | rhovnes | auction |
Evidence Nouns
The suffix -arys derives nouns that indicate the evidence of a verb. In general, c-fin verbs have -agon replaced with -arys. V-fin verbs retain the final vowel and drop the a in -arys such that -rys is added.
Examples of the Evidence Suffix | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Word | Meaning | Derived Noun | Derived Noun Meaning | ||
V-fin | ēdrugon | to sleep | ēdrurys | dream | |
V-fin | massigon | to happen | massirys | the present | |
V-fin | sētegon | to make, to form, to shape | sēterys | form, shape | |
C-fin | heghagon | to slaughter | hegharys | carcass of an animal | |
C-fin | jaelagon | to want, to wish, to hope | jaelarys | hope | |
C-fin | rūnagon | to remember | rūnarys | nostalgia, reverie, trauma |
From a Noun or Verb
Diminutive Nouns
Diminutive nouns shrink the concept conveyed through a word into a smaller version. There exist three diminutive suffixes: -ītsos, -iapos, and -anna.
Observations:
- -ītsos only derives nouns from nouns; -iapos and -anna may derive nouns from nouns and verbs.
- -ītsos seems to indicate the smaller version of a noun.
- -iapos seems to derive articles of clothing and consumable items associated with a verb.
Examples of the Diminuative Suffix | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Word | Meaning | Derived Noun | Derived Noun Meaning | ||
-ītsos | kēli | cat | kelītsos | little cat, kitty | |
-ītsos | naejon | front, torso | naejītsos | forehead | |
-ītsos | perzys | fire, flame | perzītsos | little flame | |
-ītsos | riña | girl, child | riñītsos | little child, little girl | |
-ītsos | qēlos | star | qēlītsos | candle | |
-ītsos | zokla | wolf | zoklītsos | little wolf | |
-iapos | gēlion | silver | gēliapos | silver coin | |
-iapos | grevion | waist, circumfrence | greviapos | belt | |
-iapos | laodigon | to steal, abduct | laodiapos | mask | |
-iapos | parklon | meat | parkliapos | burger | |
-iapos | rūnagon | to remember | rūniapos | letter, note | |
-anna | bartos | head | bartanna | skull | |
-anna | ziksos | neck, scalp | ziksanna | hat, cap | |
-anna | soljagon | to sail | soljanna | rudder |
Side-Product Nouns
Side-Product nouns indicate an indirect concept associated with a word. Most end in the suffix -illa; however, -īlla and -ella may occur in special cases.
Observations:
- For verbs ending with uragon, use the suffix -īlla.
- For stems ending in -ē, remove the macron and add an l to the root.
- For verbs ending in -egon, retain the e and add a t after or use the suffix -ella.
- A third aquatic noun ending in -or has the o deleted and the r retained.
Examples of the Side-Product Suffix | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Word | Meaning | Derived Noun | Derived Noun Meaning | ||
Noun | āro | barley | ārilla | beer | |
Noun | avero | grape | averilla | wine | |
Noun | grozion | trench, ditch, furrow | grozilla | boundary, border, bound, limit | |
Noun | kostion | power, might, ability | kostilla | value, worth, cost, importance | |
Noun | pungos | nose | pungilla | nostril | |
C-fin | mazumbagon | to settle down | mazumbilla | Nest, roost, in general, the area around the place one has settled in | |
C-fin | tepagon | to give | tepilla | mercy | |
C-fin | verdagon | to arrange, make a decision | verdilla | framework | |
3aq | sȳndor | shadow | sȳndrilla | color | |
-uragon | qlādīlluragon | to put stripes on | qlādīlla | stripe, strip, ray, bar | |
-egon | rakegon | to take part in | rakella | experience (a specific experience) | |
-egon | pālegon | to turn, twist, rotate | pāletilla | crown | |
-ē root | ēs | bee | elilla | honey |
From a Verb, Adjective, or Noun
Profession Nouns
Profession nouns may be derived from other nouns, verbs, or adjective and may end with the suffixes -tys, -rys, or -dys.
Observations:
- For v-fin verbs, the suffix -tys changes to -rys.
- For verbs ending in -emagon, this suffix is dropped from the root.
- For verbs ending in -jagon, retain the a as the last letter in the root.
- If the root ends in -gh, change the final consonant in the root to -d and lengthen the preceding vowel.
- If the root ends in -d drop this consonant.
- If the root ends in -mb, change -m to -n and drop the b
- If the root ends in -b, change it to -p.
Examples of the Profession Suffix | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Word | Meaning | Derived Noun | Derived Noun Meaning | ||
Adjective | qana | sharp | qantys | crab | |
C-fin | sēnagon | to kill | sēntys | killer, slayer | |
C-fin | tepagon | to give | teptys | teacher, instructor, mentor | |
V-fin | arghugon | to hunt | arghurys | hunter | |
V-fin | jurnegon | to look at, regard, examine | jurnerys | watch, sentry | |
-gh root | heghagon | to slaughter, to prepare food | hēdys | butcher | |
-d root | azandy | short sword, sword | azantys | knight, soldier, warrior | |
-mb root | qrinumbagon | to occupy, to antagonize | qrinuntys | occupier, enemy, villain, foe | |
-b root | quba | low, poor, inferior, bad | quptys | heathen, pagan, infidel | |
-emagon | vokemagon | to purify | voktys | priest, priestess | |
-jagon | pryjagon | to destroy, break, strike off | pryjatys | destroyer, breaker |
Place Names
Derive nouns representing the place a verb occurs in general using the suffixes -ion for c-fin verbs and -lion for v-fin verbs where the final vowel is retained in the new noun. Derive them from nouns or adjectives in general using the suffix -urlion.
Observations:
- A root ending of -b uses the suffix -lion.
- A root ending of -āb uses the suffix -ion.
Examples of the Place Suffix | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Word | Meaning | Derived Noun | Derived Noun Meaning | ||
Adjective | gevie | beautiful | gevurlion | park | |
Noun | ārilla | beer | ārillurlion | tavern | |
Noun | laes | eye | laehurlion | face | |
Noun | zentys | guest | zenturlion | inn, hotel | |
Noun | zgiēñemvos | cure, medicine, treatment | zgiēñemvurlion | apothecary, pharmacy | |
V-fin | īligon | to cross, to crossover | īlilion | crossing, crossroads | |
V-fin | sētegon | to smith, to forge | sētelion | forge, smithy, works | |
V-fin | sindigon | to buy | sindilion | market, marketplace | |
C-fin | jiōragon | to welcome, accept, recieve | jiōrion | reception hall, receiving room, audience chamber | |
-b root | rijībagon | to praise, worship, obey | rijīblion | temple, church | |
-āb root | rāenābagon | to clean, wash off | rāenābion | bathroom |
Verb Derivation
From a Verb
Temporary Verbs
A temporary verb represents an action with an expected short duration. Derive temporary verbs from verbs with the prefix mī- for words beginning in consonants and mīv- for vowels.
Examples of Temporary Verbs | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Word | Meaning | Derived Verb | Derived Verb Meaning | ||
mīv- | indigon | to push, to intend | amīvindigon | to taunt, to torture, to torment, to frustrate, to infuriate of things/inanimates | |
mīv- | ojughagon | to lose, misplace | mīvojughagon | to forget, misplace | |
mī- | jāelagon | to store, to house | mījāelagon | to pawn, to accept as pledge, to accept as pawned |
Causative Verbs
Causative verbs relate to the causes and effects of an action. Derive causative verbs from verbs with the suffix -kagon; use the suffix -ikagon for verbs or nouns.
Observations:
- -kagon appears to convey what causes the verb; -ikagon appears to convey what the verb causes.
- -kagon if used with a v-fin verb, appears to delete the final vowel in the root.
- For -kagon, if the root ends in -z, replace it with -s and remove the macron on the prior vowel.
- For -ikagon, if the root ends in -t with o as the root vowel, replace o with u.
- For v-fin verbs of the class -agon, they may follow the pattern seen in ropakagon of retaining the final vowel with -kagon or changing the i in -ikagon to a.
Examples of Causative Verbs | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Word | Meaning | Derived Verb | Derived Verb Meaning | ||
-kagon | hōzigon | to swell, to swell up | hōskagon | to cause to swell; to inspire pride in, to make proud | |
-kagon | ropagon | to fall | ropakagon | to cause to fall, to push over, to knock down | |
-ikagon | hōzigon | to swell, to swell up | hōzikagon | to boil | |
-ikagon | kisagon | to eat | kisikagon | to feed | |
-ikagon | kostagon | to be able to, can, may | kustikagon | to strengthen, enable, encourage | |
-ikagon | ōdres | pain, damage | ōdrikagon | to harm |
Auxiliary Verbs
Auxiliary verbs have a meaning parallel to the original verb. Auxiliary suffixes have a changing vowel that appears to match with the vowels contained in the root; the suffixes include -ābagon, -ēbagon, -ībagon, and -ūbagon. Observations:
- Word formation intrinsically would have a high expected error rate given the flexibility of these suffixes.
- A root with ae seems to take -ābagon.
- A root with ie seems to take -ēbagon.
Examples of Auxiliary Verbs | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Word | Meaning | Derived Verb | Derived Verb Meaning | ||
-ābagon | pāsagon | to trust, believe | pāsābagon | to be a follower of | |
-ābagon | rāenagon | to wipe, brush | rāenābagon | to clean, wash | |
-ēbagon | aeragon | to move, to go | aerēbagon | to travel, to move over a great distance | |
-ēbagon | deragon | to pluck | derēbagon | to gather, collect | |
-ēbagon | giēñagon | to heal, to become healthy | giēñēbagon | to recuperate | |
-ēbagon | jemagon | to lead, guide | jemēbagon | to reign, to govern | |
-ībagon | hīlagon | to punch, to hit, to strike | hīlībagon | to pummel, to beat | |
-ībagon | pikagon | to follow, walk after | pikībagon | to read | |
-ībagon | rijagon | to praise, laud | rijībagon | to worship, praise, obey | |
-ūbagon | dekuragon | to step | dekurūbagon | to walk, to go on foot |
From a Noun
Functional Verbs
Functional verbs convey the concept of making use of a noun with the suffix -uragon.
Observations:
- There appears to be no irregularities in the use of -uragon.
Examples of Functional Verbs | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Word | Meaning | Derived Verb | Derived Verb Meaning | ||
Noun | belmon | chain | belmuragon | to put chains on, to chain up, to enslave | |
Noun | deks | foot | dekuragon | to step | |
Noun | īlinon | crossing, cross | īlinuragon | to crucify | |
Noun | jeson | dust, powder | jesuragon | to powder, dust, to sprinkle or pour powder or dust | |
Noun | ondos | hand | onduragon | to grasp, to take up, to grab, to seize, to obtain | |
Noun | qlādilla | stripe, ray, bar | qlādilluragon | to stripe, to put stripes on | |
Noun | rytsas | hello | rytsuragon | to call, to greet |
Transformative Verbs
Transformative verbs convey the sense of transforming the locative object into the original verb. Derive these adding -ākogon to a noun's stem.
Examples of Transformative Verbs | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Word | Meaning | Derived Verb | Derived Verb Meaning | ||
Noun | āeksio | master, lord | āeksākogon | to champion, to taut, to talk up | |
Noun | naena | many, multitude, horde | naenākogon | to multiply, to increase | |
Noun | zokla | wolf | zoklākogon | to entice, to entreat |
From an Adjective
Inchoative Verbs
Inchoative verbs convey the sense of entering into a state; derive them from adjectives with the suffixes -ūljagon for type I and II adjectives and -iljagon for type III adjectives.
Examples of Inchoative Verbs | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Word | Meaning | Derived Verb | Derived Verb Meaning | ||
Adjective | gierior | whole, complete, together | gierūljagon | to gather, assemble, congregate, get together | |
Adjective | iosre | cold | iosrūljagon | to cool, to become cold, to cool off | |
Adjective | morghe | dead | morghūljagon | to die | |
Adjective | rāpa | soft | rāpūljagon | to soften | |
-iljagon | ūbrie | ripe, mature, ready | ūbriljagon | to ripen, mature, grow |
From an Adjective or a Verb
Factitive Verbs
Factitive verbs convey providing the accusative object some property and have the suffix -emagon that literally means to have. Note that all verbs formed will retain the irregularity of emagon.
Observations:
- Suffix does not appear to distinguish between c-fin and v-fin verbs.
- When used with a verb, the new word seems to convey making the accusative object take an action.
- When used with an adjective, the new word appears to convey the giving of the adjective to the accusative object.
- For adjectives ending in -enka, drop the whole suffix and add -emagon.
- If the adjective root ends with -k, remove the macron from the preceding vowel (if it has one).
Examples of Factitive Verbs | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Word | Meaning | Derived Verb | Derived Verb Meaning | ||
C-fin | botagon | to endure, to work, to suffer | botemagon | to make work, train, tutor, instruct | |
V-fin | sōvegon | to fly | sōvemagon | to make fly | |
Adjective | dāerior | free | dāeremagon | to free, to liberate | |
Adjective | dija | hot, warm | dijemagon | to warm, to warm up, to make warm | |
Adjective | gīda | equal, even, steady | gīdemagon | to steady, stabilize; to even up, equalize | |
Adjective | lyka | quiet, silent, calm | lykemagon | to silence, to calm | |
Adjective | qana | sharp | qanemagon | to sharpen | |
Adjective | quba | low, poor, bad, inferior | qubemagon | to lower | |
Adjective | rāpa | soft | rāpemagon | to soften | |
Adjective | ūbrie | ripe, mature, ready | ūbremagon | to raise, to rear, to tend, to grow | |
Adjective | vaogenka | dirty, muddy | vaogemagon | to defile | |
Adjective | vōka | pure | vokemagon | to purify |
From a Noun or Verb
Repetitive Verbs
A repetitive verb captures the sense of repeating an action a finite number of times. Derive repetitive verbs from verbs with the prefix ā- or from verbs and nouns with the suffix -ligon.
Observations:
- ā- appears to act like the English prefix re-.
- From sikagon with attested examples of both ā- and -ligon, ā- seems to have a more precise meaning than -ligon.
- For -ligon, replace roots ending in -k with -g.
- ar- for v-fin verbs has been seen as a rule yet no examples could be located.
Examples of Repetitive Verbs | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Word | Meaning | Derived Verb | Derived Verb Meaning | ||
ā- | māzigon | to come, to arrive | āmāzigon | to return, to come back, to go back | |
ā- | mazverdagon | to create | āmazverdagon | To recreate, to remake | |
ā- | sikagon | to give birth to, to ignite | āsikagon | To give rebirth to | |
-ligon | sikagon | to give birth to, to ignite | sigligon | to give birth to anew; to reinstantiate, to reinitiate, to restart, to reboot; to reignite | |
-ligon | udir | word | udligon | to respond, to answer, to reply | |
-ligon | verdagon | to arrange, to make (a decision) | verdligon | to remake, the recreate |
Adjective Derivation
From Nouns
Property Adjectives
Property adjectives, with the suffix -enka, capture some property of the original noun.
Observations:
- A noun of material seems to form adjectives describing an item's material.
- An animate noun seems to derives an adjective capturing a core property of it.
- With a good number of attested words, there appear to be no irregularities in spelling.
Examples of Property Adjectives | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Word | Meaning | Derived Adjective | Derived Adjective Meaning | ||
Material | āegion | iron | āegenka | made of iron | |
Material | jenys | glass | jenenka | made of glass, glass, glassy | |
Material | kȳdrar | silk | kȳdrenka | made of silk | |
Material | kyrstor | cloth, fabric, textile | kyrstenka | made of cloth | |
Material | rongon | leather | rongenka | made of leather | |
Animate Noun | ābra | woman | ābrenka | female | |
Animate Noun | dȳñes | animal, beast | dȳñenka | animal, bestial | |
Animate Noun | nēdys | brave person | nēdenka | brave | |
Animate Noun | qrinuntys | enemy, occupier, villain, foe | qrinuntenka | hostile, villainous, antagonistic | |
Animate Noun | quptys | heathen, pagan, infidel | quptenka | vulgar, common, popular, uncivilized, pagan | |
Animate Noun | vala | man | valenka | male | |
Animate Noun | hobres | male goat | hobrenka | idiotic | |
Noun | ēngos | tongue | ēngenka | tasty, flavorful | |
Noun | gēlion | silver | gēlenka | silver-colored, silver like | |
Noun | glaeson | life | glaesenka | lifelike | |
Noun | harris | while, duration | harrenka | appropriate, suitable | |
Noun | hūra | moon | hūrenka | lunar | |
Noun | vaogar | mud, filth | vaogenka | dirty, muddy | |
Noun | vēzos | sun | vēzenka | solar |
Origin Adjectives
Origin adjectives, derived with the suffix -ōñe, capture the concept of an item being from something.
Observations:
- Replace roots ending in -z with -j.
Examples of Origin Adjectives | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Word | Meaning | Derived Adjective | Derived Adjective Meaning | ||
Noun | embar | sea, ocean | embōñe | aquatic, oceanic | |
Noun | jelmor | north | jelmōñe | northern | |
Noun | pelar | wave | pelōñe | from the waves | |
Noun | qelbar | river | qelbōñe | from the river | |
Noun | tegon | ground, earth | tegōñe | terrestrial | |
Noun | vēzor | south | vējōñe | southern |
Lacking Adjectives
Lacking adjectives, with the suffixes -oqitta and -qitta denote the lacking of the origin noun.
Observations:
- -oqitta occurs after -gh and -l and likely will occur in other phonological terrain.
Examples of Lacking Adjectives | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Word | Meaning | Derived Adjective | Derived Adjective Meaning | ||
Noun | laehurlion | face | laehurloqitta | faceless | |
Noun | mōris | end | mōrqitta | endless, ceaseless | |
Noun | ñōghe | arm | ñōghoqitta | armless |
Locative Adjectives
Locative adjectives, derived with the suffix -īha, capture the concept of the location a noun is associated with. Simply replace the noun's ending with this suffix.
Observations:
- Tyrosīha appears to be an exception to the pattern of replacing the stem ending.
Examples of Locative Adjectives | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Word | Meaning | Derived Adjective | Derived Adjective Meaning | ||
Noun | endia | the west | endīha | from the west | |
Noun | tolmio | far side, far wall | *tolmīha | ? | |
Noun | Tyros | Tyrosh | Tyrosīha | Tyroshi | |
Noun | Valyria | Valyria | Valyrīha | Valyrian | |
Noun | Volantis | Volantis | Volantīha | Volantene |
From Adjectives
Augmentative Adjectives
Augmentative adjectives, formed from adjectives, intensify the concept conveyed through an adjective with the suffix -ēgrie.
Observations:
- Replace roots ending in -b with -p.
Examples of Augmentative Adjectives | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Word | Meaning | Derived Adjective | Derived Adjective Meaning | ||
Adjective | quba | low, poor, bad, inferior | qupēgrie | terrible | |
Adjective | rōva | large, big | rōvēgrie | huge, enormous, excellent, awesome |
Negative Adjectives
Negative adjectives, formed from adjectives, intensify the concept conveyed through an adjective with the prefix do(r)-.
Observations:
- With too few examples to make generalizations; the prefix may take the form dor- before 'o' or perhaps all vowels.
Examples of Augmentative Adjectives | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Word | Meaning | Derived Adjective | Derived Adjective Meaning | ||
Adjective | *botēda | ? | dobotēda | ignorant, untutored, clumsy | |
Adjective | olvie | many, much | dorolvie | not many, not much, not a lot, few | |
Adjective | *kimare | ? | dokimare | serious, studious, focused, disciplined, steady, strong, driven |
- ↑ Third declension aquatic.