User:Aegon
Sandbox A work in progress. All information is from an analysis of existing lexicon.
Noun Derivation
From a Noun
The derivation of a new noun in High Valyrian occurs through attaching a suffix to a root. Note that sound and spelling changes may occur.
Augmentative Noun
An augmentative noun enhances and intensifies the concept conveyed through the word. There exist three suffixes that may form augmentative nouns from nouns: -io, -albar, and -āzma.
Observations:
- Judging from the word family nopon (hole, pit), nopalbar (cave), and nopāzma (hell), -āzma may exceed -albar in augmentation.
- A 3aq noun ending in -or has the o deleted and the r retained.
Word | Meaning | Derived Noun | Derived Noun Meaning | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
-io | kēli | cat | kēlio | lion | |
-āzma | bantis | night | bantāzma | long night, midnight or the darkest part of the night | |
-āzma | brāedion | copper | brāedāzma | bronze | |
-āzma | jelmio | wind | jelmāzma | storm, violent wind | |
-āzma | nopon | pit, hole | nopāzma | hell | |
-āzma | nūmo | seed | nūmāzma | meaning, essence, the truth of it | |
-albar | egros | edge, blade, sword | egralbar | spear | |
-albar | geltion | roof | geltialbar | meeting place, gathering place, exhibition hall | |
-albar | geron | path, walk, walkway | geralbar | road, street, way, thoroughfare (ready and ample) | |
-albar | nopon | hole, pit | nopalbar | cave | |
3aq | jūlor | milk | jūlrāzma | cheese |
From an Adjective
Abstract Nouns
Form abstract nouns that have the English meaning of -ness from adjectives. Class I uses the suffix -āves, Class II uses -ves, and Class III uses -ives.
Observations:
- For roots of Class II adjectives ending in -n, replace -n with -m.
Word | Meaning | Derived Noun | Derived Noun Meaning | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Class I | dobotēda | ignorant, untutored, clumsy | dobotēdāves | ignorance | |
Class I | gīda | equal, even, steady, stable | gīdaves | equality | |
Class I | nākostōba | weak | nākostōbāves | weakness | |
Class I | qrinuntenka | hostile, villainous, antagonistic | qrinuntenkāves | antagonism | |
Class II | biare | fortunate, lucky, happy | biarves | happiness, jubilation, luck, fortune | |
Class II | dāerior | free | dāerves | freedom, liberty | |
Class III | eglie | high, superior, good | eglives | Highness, height; grace, a title of respect for a ruler | |
Class III | gevie | beautiful | gevives | beauty | |
-n root | bāne | something that feels hot | bāmves | heat emanating or radiating off of or from something | |
-n root | kirine | happy | kirimves | joy |
From a Verb
Action Nouns
The suffix -non derives action nouns from verbs. In general, c-fin verbs have -agon replaced with -non and v-fin verbs retain the final vowel to which -non is added.
Observations:
- For verbs ending in -jagon, the stem ends before the j.
- For verbs ending in -ēbagon, the stem ends with -en.
- For stems ending in -ñ, -b, or -l, replace this consonant with -n.
- For stems ending in -s, replace this consonant with -z.
Word | Meaning | Derived Noun | Derived Noun Meaning | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C-fin | ērinagon | to win | ērinnon | victory | |
C-fin | vaoresagon | to prefer, to favor, to like | vaoreznon | favor | |
V-fin | iotāptegon | to respect | iotāptenon | respect | |
V-fin | dakogon | to run | dakonon | running | |
-jagon | gierūljagon | to gather, assemble | gierūlnon | assembly, gathering, crowd | |
-ēbagon | iderēbagon | to choose, to decide | iderennon | choice, decision |
Agent Nouns
To derive agent nouns associated with the one performing a verb, generally use the suffixes -kio for v-fin and -io for c-fin. V-fin verbs will retain the final vowel in the root.
Observations:
- For v-fin verbs with the ending -ligon, the root ends in -l.
Word | Meaning | Derived Noun | Derived Noun Meaning | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
V-fin | kȳvagon | to plan | kȳvakio | strategist | |
V-fin | laodigon | to steal | laodikio | their, robber, plunderer | |
V-fin | qrimpālegon | to betray, double-cross | qrimpālekio | traitor, turncoat, double-crosser | |
V-fin | sētegon | to smith, to forge | sētekio | smith, forger | |
C-fin | kaerīnagon | to save, to deliver | kaerīnio | savior | |
C-fin | kostagon | to be able to, can, may | kostio | hero, champion | |
C-fin | lioragon | to sell | liorio | seller, monger, purveyor | |
C-fin | mīsagon | to protect, defend | mīsio | protector | |
C-fin | sytiotāpagon | to advise, counsel | sytiotāpio | advisor | |
-ligon | judligon | to respond to, answer | judlio | archon |
Implement Nouns
The suffix -vos forms implement nouns from verbs. Only c-fin verbs attested to; to them, replace -agon with -vos.
Word | Meaning | Derived Noun | Derived Noun Meaning | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C-fin | hepagon | to climb, to ascend | hepvos | ladder, stairs, staircase | |
C-fin | mīsagon | to protect, to defend | mīsvos | armor | |
C-fin | ohīlagon | to stab | ohīlvos | dagger, knife | |
C-fin | qrimbrōzagon | to curse | qrimbrōzvos | curse | |
C-fin | zgiēñemagon | to cure, to treat, to heal of things | zgiēñemvos | cure, medicine, treatment |
Event Nouns
The suffix -nes derives event nouns from verbs. In general, c-fin verbs have -agon replaced with -nes and v-fin verbs retain the final vowel to which -nes is added.
Observations:
- For verbs ending in -ēbagon, the stem ends with -en.
Word | Meaning | Derived Noun | Derived Noun Meaning | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
V-fin | dakogon | to run | dakones | race | |
C-fin | iderēbagon | to choose, to decide | iderennes | trial | |
C-fin | rhovagon | to make a loud noise | rhovnes | auction |
Evidence Nouns
The suffix -arys derives nouns that indicate the evidence of a verb. In general, c-fin verbs have -agon replaced with -arys. V-fin verbs retain the final vowel and drop the a in -arys such that -rys is added.
Word | Meaning | Derived Noun | Derived Noun Meaning | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
V-fin | ēdrugon | to sleep | ēdrurys | dream | |
V-fin | massigon | to happen | massirys | the present | |
V-fin | sētegon | to make, to form, to shape | sēterys | form, shape | |
C-fin | heghagon | to slaughter | hegharys | carcass of an animal | |
C-fin | jaelagon | to want, to wish, to hope | jaelarys | hope | |
C-fin | rūnagon | to remember | rūnarys | nostalgia, reverie, trauma |
From a Noun or Verb
Diminutive Nouns
Diminutive nouns shrink the concept conveyed through a word into a smaller version. There exist three diminutive suffixes: -ītsos, -iapos, and -anna.
Observations:
- -ītsos only forms nouns from nouns; -iapos and -anna may derive nouns from nouns and verbs.
- -ītsos seems to indicate the smaller version of a noun.
- -iapos seems to form articles of clothing and consumable items associated with a verb.
Word | Meaning | Derived Noun | Derived Noun Meaning | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
-ītsos | kēli | cat | kelītsos | little cat, kitty | |
-ītsos | naejon | front, torso | naejītsos | forehead | |
-ītsos | perzys | fire, flame | perzītsos | little flame | |
-ītsos | riña | girl, child | riñītsos | little child, little girl | |
-ītsos | qēlos | star | qēlītsos | candle | |
-ītsos | zokla | wolf | zoklītsos | little wolf | |
-iapos | gēlion | silver | gēliapos | silver coin | |
-iapos | grevion | waist, circumfrence | greviapos | belt | |
-iapos | laodigon | to steal, abduct | laodiapos | mask | |
-iapos | parklon | meat | parkliapos | burger | |
-iapos | rūnagon | to remember | rūniapos | letter, note | |
-anna | bartos | head | bartanna | skull | |
-anna | ziksos | neck, scalp | ziksanna | hat, cap | |
-anna | soljagon | to sail | soljanna | rudder |
Side-Product Nouns
Side-Product nouns indicate an indirect concept associated with a word. Most end in the suffix -illa; however, -īlla and -ella may occur in special cases.
Observations:
- For verbs ending with uragon, use the suffix -īlla.
- For stems ending in -ē, remove the macron and add an l to the root.
- For verbs ending in -egon, retain the e and add a t after or use the suffix -ella.
- A 3aq noun ending in -or has the o deleted and the r retained.
Word | Meaning | Derived Noun | Derived Noun Meaning | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Noun | āro | barley | ārilla | beer | |
Noun | avero | grape | averilla | wine | |
Noun | grozion | trench, ditch, furrow | grozilla | boundary, border, bound, limit | |
Noun | kostion | power, might, ability | kostilla | value, worth, cost, importance | |
Noun | pungos | nose | pungilla | nostril | |
C-fin | mazumbagon | to settle down | mazumbilla | Nest, roost, in general, the area around the place one has settled in | |
C-fin | tepagon | to give | tepilla | mercy | |
C-fin | verdagon | to arrange, make a decision | verdilla | framework | |
3aq | sȳndor | shadow | sȳndrilla | color | |
-uragon | qlādīlluragon | to put stripes on | qlādīlla | stripe, strip, ray, bar | |
-egon | rakegon | to take part in | rakella | experience (a specific experience) | |
-egon | pālegon | to turn, twist, rotate | pāletilla | crown | |
-ē root | ēs | bee | elilla | honey |
From a Verb, Adjective, or Noun
Profession Nouns
Profession nouns may be derived from other nouns, verbs, or adjective and may end with the suffixes -tys, -rys, or -dys.
Observations:
- For v-fin verbs, the suffix -tys changes to -rys.
- For verbs ending in -emagon, this suffix is dropped from the root.
- For verbs ending in -jagon, retain the a as the last letter in the root.
- If the root ends in -gh, change the final consonant in the root to -d and lengthen the preceding vowel.
- If the root ends in -d drop this consonant.
- If the root ends in -mb, change -m to -n and drop the b
- If the root ends in -b, change it to -p.
Word | Meaning | Derived Noun | Derived Noun Meaning | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adjective | qana | sharp | qantys | crab | |
C-fin | sēnagon | to kill | sēntys | killer, slayer | |
C-fin | tepagon | to give | teptys | teacher, instructor, mentor | |
V-fin | arghugon | to hunt | arghurys | hunter | |
V-fin | jurnegon | to look at, regard, examine | jurnerys | watch, sentry | |
-gh root | heghagon | to slaughter, to prepare food | hēdys | butcher | |
-d root | azandy | short sword, sword | azantys | knight, soldier, warrior | |
-mb root | qrinumbagon | to occupy, to antagonize | qrinuntys | occupier, enemy, villain, foe | |
-b root | quba | low, poor, inferior, bad | quptys | heathen, pagan, infidel | |
-emagon | vokemagon | to purify | voktys | priest, priestess | |
-jagon | pryjagon | to destroy, break, strike off | pryjatys | destroyer, breaker |
Place Names
Derive nouns representing the place a verb occurs in general using the suffixes -ion for c-fin verbs and -lion for v-fin verbs where the final vowel is retained in the new noun. Form them from nouns or adjectives in general using the suffix -urlion.
Observations:
- A root ending of -b uses the suffix -lion.
- A root ending of -āb uses the suffix -ion.
Word | Meaning | Derived Noun | Derived Noun Meaning | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adjective | gevie | beautiful | gevurlion | park | |
Noun | ārilla | beer | ārillurlion | tavern | |
Noun | laes | eye | laehurlion | face | |
Noun | zentys | guest | zenturlion | inn, hotel | |
Noun | zgiēñemvos | cure, medicine, treatment | zgiēñemvurlion | apothecary, pharmacy | |
V-fin | īligon | to cross, to crossover | īlilion | crossing, crossroads | |
V-fin | sētegon | to smith, to forge | sētelion | forge, smithy, works | |
V-fin | sindigon | to buy | sindilion | market, marketplace | |
C-fin | jiōragon | to welcome, accept, recieve | jiōrion | reception hall, receiving room, audience chamber | |
-b root | rijībagon | to praise, worship, obey | rijīblion | temple, church | |
-āb root | rāenābagon | to clean, wash off | rāenābion | bathroom |