User:Aegon/High Valyrian Tutorial/4-2: Difference between revisions
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A nuance, use of the instrumental passive with the passive voice indicates that the action occurred upon the action of an inanimate. | A nuance, use of the instrumental passive with the passive voice indicates that the action occurred upon the action of an inanimate. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|'''High Valyrian''' | |||
|'''English''' | |||
|- | |||
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | rōbir valo ondoso ezīmaks | |||
| bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | the fig is split due to the man | |||
|- | |||
| bgcolor="#CCFFFF" | egromy rōbir aezīmaks | |||
| bgcolor="#CCFFCC" | the fig is split with a knife | |||
|} | |||
Notice how the focus with the passive voice shifts to the fig and not the man in the passive voice with the postpositional phrase occurring after the patient. Then, in the second example, the patient appears directly before the verb. |
Revision as of 07:44, 5 April 2023
Lesson 2|Prefixes and Verb Derivation
Verb Derivation
High Valyrian features three forms of common verbal prefixes.
The instrumental passive describes actions from inanimate grammatical subjects, like "the knife cut the man."
The oblique applicative promotes an indirect object, a noun in the dative case, to the direct object, in the accusative case.
The locative applicative promotes the object of an adpositional phrase to a type of indirect object.
Instrumental Passive
The instrumental passive describes actions from inanimate grammatical subjects. Form it in the following manner:
Instrumental Passive Prefix | Vowel Begins With |
---|---|
s- | k, p, q, t |
z- | b, d, g, l, r(1) |
h- | all vowels except e and o |
a- | everything else |
- (1) Recall that the illicit sequence x zr becomes j.
Consider the following two sentences:
High Valyrian | English |
vala egromy rōbir ezīmza | the man splits the fig with a knife |
rōbir egry aezīmza | the knife splits the fig |
The first has vala as the subject, the one who does the action. The second omits vala and focuses on the action of the knife. As knives do not have animacy, this sentence uses the instrumental passive. Note how the instrument promoted to the subject appears directly before the verb in contrast to the usual subject-object-verb order. Should one want to introduce the subject, the owner of the knife, use the postposition ondoso.
High Valyrian | English |
valo ondoso rōbir egry aezīmza | the knife of the man splits the fig |
Note how this sentence does not appear as x rōbir valo egry aezīma, with a genitive phrase, which one may assume as licit. Avoid confusing the instrumental passive with the passive voice, as they may occur together as in the following examples.
High Valyrian | English |
rōbir ezīmaks | the fig is split (due to someone) |
rōbir aezīmaks | the fig is split (due to something) |
A nuance, use of the instrumental passive with the passive voice indicates that the action occurred upon the action of an inanimate.
High Valyrian | English |
rōbir valo ondoso ezīmaks | the fig is split due to the man |
egromy rōbir aezīmaks | the fig is split with a knife |
Notice how the focus with the passive voice shifts to the fig and not the man in the passive voice with the postpositional phrase occurring after the patient. Then, in the second example, the patient appears directly before the verb.